Transcript Web Server Administration

Web Server Administration
Chapter 1
The Basics of Server and Web
Server Administration
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Web Server Administration
Overview
Web Services
ISP
Public
Internet
Internal Users
LAN
WAN
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Is everything on the Internet a
web service?
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Officially, where the Internet uses the
HTTP protocol, it is called the Web
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Web servers use HTTP to communicate
Web clients are called browsers
Browsers have come to offer much more
than HPPT
Is it available through a browser?
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Web Services and Applications
Include
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Web Sites (Static and Dynamic)
FTP
DNS
Email (Now that all email servers
provide web-based clients)
Application servers
Synchronous communications
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Web server Administration
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Depending on the size of the
organization, some tasks may be
delegated
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Web page development
Database design
Programming
E-mail administration
Security
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Providing Web Services to
Users…
1. …requires a applications and protocols
2. These are written in web programming languages
3. If content is dynamic a DBMS is required
4. All of this sits on a platform
5. …connected to the world
6. …and secured by firewalls and access control policies.
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Applications and Protocols
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Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
 Web servers implement this protocol
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
 Used by e-mail servers (and sometimes Web
servers) to send e-mail
Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3)
 Used to retrieve e-mail
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
 Used to connect to a mail server
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Applications and Protocols
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File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
 Transfers files to and from server
Domain Name Service (DNS)
 Translates host names to IP addresses and IP
addresses to host names
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
 Provides error messages
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Key Protocols
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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
 Creates a reliable connection between two
computers
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
 Does not establish a connection, just sends
messages
Internet Protocol (IP)
 Provides addressing scheme
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Web Programming Languages
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Web server administrators need to install
programming languages
Web developers use a variety of languages
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Active Server Pages (ASP)
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ASP.Net
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Original language from Microsoft
A newer environment that includes many languages
Java Server Pages (JSP)
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Web Programming Languages
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Non-Microsoft languages are popular,
even on Microsoft Web servers
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Perl – one of the first and still popular
PHP – easy to use
Java Server Pages (JSP)
Macromedia ColdFusion
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DBMS
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A database management system (DBMS) is
used to store data used with Web pages
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Microsoft Access is appropriate for small sites
Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle 9i, and MySQL are
sophisticated DBMSs for larger sites
Standard Query Language (SQL) is the
language used to communicate with the
DBMS
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What is a Platform?
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Windows NT (IIS 4)
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Windows 2000 (IIS 5)
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IIS (Internet Information Server) was added in the
mid-1990s, and support for ASP was added later
IIS part of the OS from the beginning
.NET Framework add-on allows use of ASP.NET
Windows Server 2003 (IIS 6)
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.NET Framework integrated into OS
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Other Microsoft Server
Products
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Application Center
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Biztalk Server
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Combines a firewall product with a Web cache
Operations Manager
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Builds e-commerce sites in a short amount of time
Internet Security and Acceleration Server
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Connects to your business partners using XML
Commerce Server
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Allows you to manage a cluster of servers as if it is one server
Helps decrease support costs for a server environment
SharePoint Portal Server
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Set up a site that is highly personalized
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Apache on UNIX/Linux
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UNIX was introduced in 1969
Linux is from the early 1990s
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Based on MINIX
Three basic components
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Kernel – central portion of OS
File system – provides input and output
mechanisms
Shell – provides user interface
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Apache on Linux
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Source code is freely available
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Developers can make changes
Available from a number of
organizations
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Red Hat
Mandrake
SuSe
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Connecting Your LAN to the
Internet
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Your ISP connects to the Internet
A WAN connection is used between
your building and the ISP
A T-Carrier connection is often used
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A digital connection for voice and data
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Connecting to the Internet
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Common T-Carrier
Connections
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Other ways to Connect to the
Internet
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Integrated services digital network (ISDN)
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Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
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Dial-up access
Basic Rate Interface (BRI) up to 128 Kbps
Primary Rate Interface (PRI) up to 1.544 Mbps
Often differing speeds for uploads and downloads
Depending on type, up to 6.1 Mbps for downloads
and 1.544 Mbps for uploads
Cable Modem
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Shared access cable provided by cable TV
company
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Web Hosting Options
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Standard hosting
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Dedicated server
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Your site resides on the same computer with many
other sites
Cheapest solution
You have a server that only you use
Co-location
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Your own server is physically located at the
company that does your Web hosting
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Establishing Access Control
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Users need just enough access to do their
jobs, but not more
Typically, users are organized into groups,
and groups are given access to network
resources
Users can be given different access to the
same resources
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A document can be read by everyone but modified
by only specific people
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