Transcript ppt - Terena

Geographic Issues Study
Jorge-A. Sanchez-P.
Bratislava, 27 April 2007
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
Presentation Topics
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The DD in the REN context
A Framework for measuring the DD in REN
The RENDDI structure
Key Findings and Future Work
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
Definition of the RENDD
“The uneven distribution, difference or gap in
regular and effective access to and usage of
digital resources and technologies”
… between scientists, researchers, students, etc* attached to research and education networks
… due to infrastructural, social, economic, educational, regulatory and other causes,
including but not limited to, unavailability of, difficulty in accessing, unawareness of the
availability and/or capabilities of, lack of understanding of how to access and/or use
such digital resources and technologies.
* Conclusions should be able to be deducted for organizations, campuses, and geographic areas attached to research and education networks.
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
GIS main Goal
…to come up with an enhanced, concrete and structured
measuring approach that will lead to a deeper understanding
and addressing of the Digital Divide (DD) challenges in the
Research & Education Networking context.
Quantify the Digital Divide & Digital Opportunity
Quantify the need for improved network performance
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
Why a Framework?
“it is part of the vision of the European Research Area that researchers
throughout Europe, irrespective of location, will be able to contribute fully to
its high-quality research activities. This represents equality of opportunity for
researchers, and increasingly, advanced research networks such as GÉANT
and the NRENs are playing a key role in achieving this.”
The SERENATE study
Stakeholders need information, benchmarks and analysis to
evaluate what has been achieved, as well as what is
achievable in the future in each member state and
neighboring countries for appropriate policy interventions to
take place.
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
GIS Target Areas
GN2
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Austria (ACOnet)
Belgium (BELNET)
Bulgaria (BREN)
Croatia (CARNet)
Cyprus (CYNET)
Czech Republic (CESNET)
Denmark (UNI-C)
Estonia (EENet)
Finland (FUNET)
France (RENATER)
Germany (DFN)
Greece (GRNET)
Hungary (HUNGARNET)
Iceland (RHnet)
Ireland (HEAnet)
Israel (IUCC)
Italy (GARR)
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Latvia (LATNET)
Lithuania (LITNET)
Luxembourg (RESTENA)
Malta (CSC)
Netherlands (SURFnet)
Norway (UNINETT)
Poland (PIONIER)
Portugal (FCCN)
Romania (RoEduNet)
Russia (RBNET/RUNNET)
Slovakia (SANET)
Slovenia (ARNES)
Spain (RedIRIS)
Sweden (SUNET)
Switzerland (SWITCH)
Turkey (ULAKBIM)
United Kingdom
(UKERNA)
GN2 Observers & SEEREN
EUMEDCONNECT
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Serbia (AMRES)
FYR of Macedonia
(MARNet)
SEEREN
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Albania (ANA)
Montenegro (MREN)
Bosnia & Herzegovina
(BIHARNET)
PORTA OPTICA
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Belarus (BASNET)
Moldova (RENAM)
Ukraine (URAN)
Azerbaijan (AzRENA)
Georgia (GRENA)
Armenia (ASNET)
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
Algeria (ARN)
Egypt (EUN)
Jordan (JUNET)
Lebanon (CNRS)
Libya
Morocco (CNCPSRT)
Palestine (PADI2)
Syria (HIAST)
Tunisia (MRST)
OCASSION
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Kazakhstan (KazRENA)
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Kyrgyzstan (KRENAAKNET)
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Tajikistan
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Turkmenistan
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Uzbekistan (UzSciNet)
Presentation Topics
•
•
•
•
The DD in the REN context
A Framework for measuring the DD in REN
The RENDDI structure
Key Findings and Future Work
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
The International Experience
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
Digital Opportunity Index (2005)
(ITU/UNCTDA/KADO)
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
Digital Opportunity Index (2005)
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
Digital Opportunity Index (2005)
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
Digital Access Index (2003)
(ITU)
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
Digital Access Index (2003)
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
Networked Readiness Index (2007)
(WEF/Insead)
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
The RENDDI Framework
– Captures the causes as well as the effects of the Digital Divide,
exposing both the readiness as well as the intensity of use of digital
resources and technologies
– Data collected via high-quality sources, e.g. the Compendium or
other databases from the ITU, WorldBank, EuroStat, etc, and
processed via robust statistical methods.
– Allows for consistent and periodical measurements and assessments
• Permits comparisons of the Digital Divide evolution (whether it is
diminishing and at what speed)—both changes in absolute scores,
as well as changes in rankings.
– Based on a core set of indicators that illustrate features of the Digital
Divide and fits the purpose of wide deployment
• Can be grouped in logical classifications/categories/areas with
special interest (e.g. enabling factors/opportunity, infrastructure,
usage, etc)
• Can be convoluted into a single Research and Education
Networking Digital Divide Index (RENDDI)
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
Presentation Topics
•
•
•
•
The DD in the REN context
A Framework for measuring the DD in REN
The RENDDI structure
Key Findings and Future Work
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
RENDDI Structure
Category
Sub-category
Infrastructure
Network capacity/performance
Usage
Resources utilization => traffic generated
How good is my network?
How much my network is used?
Can I build a good network?
Affordability
Financial status
Knowledge
Human development
Quality
User perception => network quality
Related infrastructure landscape
Human output
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
Policy environment
What is the capacity to build
and use my network?
Can I build a good network?
RENDDI Structure
Infrastructure Category
Infrastructure
Sub-category
Network capacity/performance
Category
External connectivity capacity
Core network capacity
Access network capacity
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
RENDDI Structure
Categories
Category
Sub-category
Core network capacity
Infrastructure
External connectivity capacity
Usage
IP outgoing traffic
GDP
Affordability
IP incoming traffic
Expenditure on education
Internet tariff
Access network capacity
Expenditure on R&D
International Internet bandw.
NREN budget
Internet users Broadband users
Regulatory situation
Knowledge
Literacy
School enrolment
Quality
Unreachability
Availability
Patents
Losses
Jitter
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
Researchers in R&D
Throughput
RENDDI Input
External connectivity
(compendium)
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
RENDDI Input
Core Network Size
(compendium)
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
RENDDI Input
Core Capacity on the Network
(compendium)
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
RENDDI Input
Access Network Capacity
(compendium)
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
RENDDI Structure
Infrastructure Index
Infrastructure
Sub-category
Network capacity/performance
Category
External connectivity with peerings per user
External connectivity without peerings per user
Core network size per user
Core network size per sq km
Core network capacity per user
Access network capacity per user
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
RENDDI Structure
Infrastructure Index (cont’d)
Category
Sub-category
33%
33%
Infrastructure
Index
33%
NREN
External
Connectivity
Index
NREN Core
Network
Connectivity
Index
NREN Access
Network
Connectivity
Index
33% External connectivity with peerings Index
67% External connectivity without peerings Index
60%
Core network size Index1
10%
Core network size Index2
30%
Core network capacity Index
100%
Access network capacity Index
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
REN Infrastructure Index
(2006)
Per user in average
Netherlands: (internat. connections) 84,18kbps (access network): 71,03kbps
Iceland: (internat. connections) 59,18kbps (access network): 1.152,28kbps
Slovakia: Study
(internat.
78,45kbps (access network): 186,61kbps
The EARNEST Foresight
2006 - connections)
2007
Russia:
(internat. connections) 0,27kbps (access network): 1,55kbps
RENDDI Structure
Sub-Indexes
Category
Sub-category
External connectivity with peerings per user
Infrastructure
Index
50%
Usage
20% Index
External connectivity without peerings per user
Core network size per user
Core network capacity per user
Access network capacity per user
IP outgoing traffic per user
Core network size per sq km
IP incoming traffic per user
GDP per capita
Expenditure on education % of GDP
Affordability
Index
10%
Internet tariff %
International Internet bandw.per capita
Knowledge
10% Index
Adult Literacy
Quality
10% Index
NREN budget %
Unreachability
Expenditure on R&D %
Broadband users pc
Internet users per capita Regulatory situation
School enrolment
Availability
Patents per capita
Losses
Jitter
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
Researchers per capita
Throughput
RENDDI (2006) - top 30
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
RENDDI (2006) - next 30
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
RENDDI (2006)
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
RENDDI vs other related Indices
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
Presentation Topics
•
•
•
•
The DD in the REN context
A Framework for measuring the DD in REN
The RENDDI structure
Key Findings and Future Work
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
Key findings (1/4)
Ranking and comparing countries on the 5 main
sub-indices, is probably more useful than on the
main RENDDI
– The sub-indices can allow for specific policy
recommendations and concrete action plans in order to
address low-ranked attributes.
– A country’s overall RENDDI score can be used to
benchmark the performance on the main sub-indices in
order to produce a specific diagnosis on intra-indicators
correlations and deviations.
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
Key findings (2/4)
Time evolution (trend) of RENDDI and its sub-indices
is significantly more meaningful than a static
snapshot
– This requires dedicated resources, commitment, and consistency,
in order to implement a data collection, validation, and analysis
(both offline and online) process that caries over a long period of
time (e.g. min 3-5 years)
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
Key findings (3/4)
TERENA Compendium is widely accepted by the
NREN community as a reference point of data
gathering, however, a data validation mechanism
is required in order to ensure data correctness as
much as possible
– A data validation mechanism will also encourage cooperation
and coordination among the NREN, Academia, Ministries, and
other stakeholders in order to produce a cohesive national policy
and consensus.
– The RENDDI offers up to a point that validation mechanism
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
Key findings (4/4)
The RENDDI provide R&E policymakers
a policy tool
– A comprehensive statistical framework to monitor the
RENDD
– A frame of reference for comparisons over time and
between regions
– A benchmark for monitoring internal disparities in REN
Infrastructure, Usage, Affordability, Knowledge and Quality
based on classificatory variables of interest to the R&E
community
– A Tool to evaluate the impact of REN policies
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
Future Work
• Further confirm the data in the databases and
evaluate further the convolution methods
• Identify data for the Quality Index (pinger)
• “Run” the Index again for 2007
• Present the findings to the Stakeholders:
– The National Research and Education Networks
– The management of research institutes, universities and other
organisations that could benefit from research and education
networks
– Governments and research funding bodies for the development
of future strategies
– The European Commission, which is sponsoring the study and
values the Digital Divide issue high in its policy agenda
– The members of the European Parliament
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007
Acknowledgements
• TERENA
• EARNEST panel
• Geographic Issues Study Advisory Board
• Institute of Computer and Communications Systems
• ITU, WSIS, WorldBank, OECD, ICT4ICT
The EARNEST Foresight Study 2006 - 2007