Transcript Bilal presentation 0..

Data Networking
Craig E. Canevit
Network Services
University of Tennessee
April 12, 2005
What is Data Networking?
A computer network is “an interconnection of
computers and computing equipment using
either wires or radio waves over small or
large geographic areas.”
Types of Networks:
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P2P (Peer to Peer)
Client/server
WAN (Wide Area Network)
WAN vs. MAN vs. LAN vs. PAN
vs. WLAN…
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MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
LAN (Local Area Network)
PAN (Personal Area Network)
WLAN (Wireless LAN)
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Geographical vs. topological vs. technological distinctions
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Unbelievably Brief History of
Data Networking
In the 1960s, DARPA (Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency, US Military’s R&D) started looking
into connecting computers through
networks, particularly packet-switched
networks. Its work led to the formation of
ARPANET in the late 1960s, which
gradually evolved into the Internet.
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DNS
Subnetting
Circuit Switching vs. Packet
Switching
The OSI Model & Why It
Matters
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ISO (International Organization for
Standardization)
ISO vs. Open Systems Interconnection
Application
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Presentation
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Http, ftp, telnet, ssh
ASCII/encryption/compression
Session
The OSI Model, continued
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Transport
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Network (packets)
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End to end
L3 addressing (i.e.: 160.36.193.46 )
Next hop
Data Link (frames)
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L2 addressing (i.e.: 0002.fea8.39c1)
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SSN vs. postal service
Physical
Encapsulation
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Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Ethernet Frame with
Encapsulation
Network Protocols
AppleTalk
• SPX/IPX (Sequenced Packet EXchange/Internet
Packet EXchange)
• NETBEUI/NetBIOS (NetBIOS Extended
Interface)
• TCP/IP protocol suite
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Binary, Bits & Bytes
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Bits: 0 vs 1
Decimal: Powers of 10
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2,165 =
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2*103+1*102*6*101+5*100
Binary: Powers of 2
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2165=
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100001110101 or
211+26+25+24+22+20 or
2048+64+32+16+4+1
Binary, Bits & Bytes
(traditionally)
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Byte = 8 bits
Kilobyte (KB) = 1024 bytes (or 8192
bits)
Megabyte (MB) = 1024 kilobytes
Gigabyte (GB) = 1024 megabytes
Terabyte (TB) = 1024 gigabytes
Maybe Bites? (IEC Standard)
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Byte = 8 bits
Kilobyte (kB) = 1000 bytes vs. Kibibyte
(KiB) = 1024 bytes
Megabit (Mbit) 1000 Kilobits vs.
Mebibyte (MiB) = 1024 kibibytes vs.
Megabyte (MB) = 1000 megabits
International Electrotechnical Commission
WAN Technologies
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T-/DS-/OC- lines
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Cell switching:
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SONET (Synchronous Optical NETwork)
ATM
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
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Based on telephone lines DS-0 = 64 kbps)
T1 = 1.544 Mbps (or 24 DS-0 lines)
DS-3 = 44.736 Mbps
OC-12= 622.08 Mbps
128Kbps/1.54Mbps
Frame Relay (typically low speeds: 56K-T1 speeds)
MAN Technologies
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In-between LAN & MAN
LAN Technologies
Cable Modems (1.5 - 6 Mbps down, 256 - 768 kbps up)
• Wireless ( 802.11b = 11 Mbps, 802.11a or 6 = 54 Mbps)
• Ethernet (10/100/1000/10Gbps)
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10Base-2
• 10/100/1000Base-T
• Modems (56kbps)
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DSL (1.544 Mbps to 512 Kbps downstream and about 128
Kbps)
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LRE (5/10/15 Mbps)
Network Cabling
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UTP, STP
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Coax
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Cat 5 (allows for up to 150 Mbps)
Cat 6 (allows for 1 Gbps)
10 Mbps for Ethernet (500 Mbps)
Fiber
Network Topologies
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Ring
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Bus/tree
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Token-based
Contention
Star
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Contention
Ethernet: CSMA/CD
Network Devices
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So far: protocols, topologies, types of
networks
Bridges/Hubs/Repeaters
Switches
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ASICs versus software
Routers
Network Devices
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Bridges
Network Devices
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Switches
Network Devices
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Routers
Security Concerns
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Firewalls
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ACLs
Routers with “firewall feature set”
VPNs
• IDS/IPS & network sniffing
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10-Base2 LANs
Cable modem networks
Hubs
Wireless
Vendors
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Cisco
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Linksys
Extreme
Nortel
HP
Enterasys
Juniper
Foundry
What Do We Have at UTK?
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About 780 Cisco switches
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8 main Cisco routers
Several dozen DEMPRs
1100 Access Points supporting 802.11g
Juniper router at the border
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Most buildings have Gigabit Ethernet uplink
622 Mbps (135 for I1, 487 for I2)
Resnet DS-3 (45 Mbps)
ISDN connections,
DSL services
What Do We Have at UTK?
(continued)
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FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) to
Pellissippi
Modem Pool (~250 users)
LRE, DSL to buildings
T-1s to Middlebrook, etc.
Direct 100 Mbps connection to Lexis-Nexis
Special Applications
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Packeteer Packetshaper
Tipping Point IPS
VLANs
DNS
Standards/Governing bodies
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EIA/TIA (Electronic Industries
Alliance/Telecommunications Industry Alliance)
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IETF (RFCs)
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers)
InterNIC
ARIN
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IP address space
Speaking of Address Space
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IPv6 (128 bit addressing versus IPv4’s 32
bits)
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281,474,976,710,656 addresses versus 2^32 or
4,294,967,296 addresses
fe80:0000:0000:0000:0203:93ff:ef76:5a5e
vs. 160.36.193.46
The Future?
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Move towards IPv6
VOIP
Convergence
Ubiquitous wireless
Video on demand
10 Gig E over copper
100 Gig E