Transcript Extending the Internet Throughout the Physical World

Extending the Internet
Throughout the Physical World
Briefing to Ericsson Headquarters
Stockholm, Sweden
June 8, 2001
California Institute for Telecommunications
and Information Technology
• 220 Faculty and Senior Researchers
– UC San Diego and UC Irvine
• Layered Structure
–
–
–
–
–
Materials and Devices
Networked Infrastructure
Interfaces and Software
Strategic Applications
Policy
• New Funding Model (4 Years)
–
–
–
–
–
–
State $100M
Industry $140M
Private $30 M
Campus $30M
Federal $100-200M
Total $400-500M
• One of Four Awarded
The Cal-(IT)2 UCSD Building in 2004
A Broad Partnership Response
from the Private Sector
Akamai
Boeing
Broadcom
AMCC
CAIMIS
Compaq
Conexant
Copper Mountain
Emulex
Enterprise Partners VC
Entropia
Ericsson
Global Photon
IBM
IdeaEdge Ventures
Intersil
Irvine Sensors
Leap Wireless
Litton Industries
MedExpert
Merck
Microsoft
Computers
Communications
Software
Sensors
Biomedical
Startups
Venture Firms
Large Partners
>$10M Over 4 Years
Mission Ventures
NCR
Newport Corporation
Orincon
Panoram Technologies
Printronix
QUALCOMM
Quantum
R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical RI
SAIC
SciFrame
Seagate Storage
Silicon Wave
Sony
STMicroelectronics
Sun Microsystems
TeraBurst Networks
Texas Instruments
UCSD Healthcare
The Unwired Fund
WebEx
$140 M Match From Industry
Ericsson Sponsored Research
• Approach
–
–
–
–
Initial White Papers Proposed by Faculty Teams
Ericsson Identified Intellectual Sponsor
Follow-up Meetings to Refine Scope and Objective
Reviewed at Ericsson in April by Ramesh Rao, UCSD
• Topics
– Adaptive Systems for Ubiquitous Communication
– Project Scope Refined With Magnus Almgren
– Advanced Antennas
– Initiated Discussions With Sören Andersson
– Design and Analysis of CDMA Systems
– Stefan Parkeval Visited UCSD
– Power Amplifier Design
– San Diego Research
Adaptive Systems for Ubiquitous
Communication
• UCSD Faculty Team
– Cosman, Cruz, Dey, Rao, Voelker
• Objective: Design of an Adaptive System That Can
– Sense All Available Network Access Systems at Any Given
Location
– Seamlessly Select the Most Cost Effective Service and
– Dynamically Adapt to the Selected Service in Support of
Multimedia Applications
• Approach
– Develop a Comprehensive System Model, Which Will
Include All Critical Segments That Compose Such a
System
– Close Attention to the Interfaces Between Various
Segments of the Systems
Scope
• Types of Adaptations Studied Will Include:
– Adaptation to Static Terminal Characteristics,
– Display Size and Processing Capabilities,
– Dynamic Characteristics
– Available Battery Reserves and User Preferences
– Adaptations to Location
– Infrastructure Capabilities
– Points of Interest to the Users
– Adaptations to the Varying Costs of Transmission
– System Interference
– Application Requirements,
– Guaranteed or Best Effort Service
Advanced Antennas
•
UCSD Team
– Masry, Milstein, Proakis, B. Rao, Siegel, Zeger, Zeidler
•
Topics Proposed
– Reverse Link ST Processing
–
–
–
–
Algorithms for interference suppression and channel equalization
Channel estimation
Design of detection/decoding algorithms (iterative decoding and multiuser)
Performance analysis under fading, multiple access interference, est. errors
– Forward Link ST Processing
– Open loop space time codes
– Forward link beam forming based on reverse link channel information
– MIMO Systems
– Open and closed loop coding and decoding methods
– Channel Estimation and performance Analysis
– Adaptive Signal Processing
– Analysis of LMS algorithm for dependent channel conditions
– Analysis of Constant Modulus algorithm for dependent channel conditions
– Analysis of CDMA detectors based on these algorithms
Design and Analysis of Wideband CDMA
Systems
• Faculty: Milstein, Siegel, Cosman, Zeger
• Scope:
– Use of Iterative Decoding/detection/equalization
Techniques for Performance Enhancement Over
Multipath Fading Channels
– Combined Source Coding, Error Correction Coding, and
Spreading.
– Effects of Channel Estimation Errors on System
Performance
– Use of Multiple Access Interference Suppression
Techniques Combined With Error Correction Coding
Power Amplifier Design
• UCSD Faculty Team
– Prof. Larson and Asbeck
• Topics of study
– Explore linearization by predistortion of the input signals
– Explore Doherty and LINC techniques in power amplifiers
– Develop improved models for various transistor families,
including HBTs (for both III-V and SiGe materials) and
LDMOS
– Amplifiers based on various device technologies,
including SiGe HBT and BiCMOS
Cal-(IT)2 is Working with
Computer Science Faculty on Mobile Code
Joe Pasquale, CSE UCSD ActiveWeb Project
Mobile Code-Based Client-Server
for the Active Web
• Client Is Extended by Injecting Code Into Internet
• Extension Runs at Intermediate Server
– Higher Performance, Greater Reliability
– Liberated From Client Device, Bypasses Wireless Link
• Current implementation: Java, JINI
Joe Pasquale, CSE UCSD ActiveWeb Project
Java VM
BREW
ASIC Software
UI Interface
Wireless Internet Launchpad
TM
Suite
Multimedia, Connectivity, Positioning,
User Interface, Storage
Source: Qualcomm
Java Applet
Java Applet
Java Applet
Java Applet
Info. Services
Music
Group Chat
E-mail
Video Games
Position Location
AVATARS
Instant Messenger
Browser
Cal-(IT)2 is Working with
Industry on Mobile Software Development
The High Performance
Wireless Research and Education Network
Uses FCC
Unlicensed
Band
NSF Funded
PI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC
Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO
45mbps Duplex Backbone
The Wireless Internet Will Improve
the Safety of California’s 25,000 Bridges
New Bay Bridge Tower
with Lateral Shear Links
Cal-(IT)2 Will
Develop and Install
Wireless Sensor Arrays
Linked to
Crisis Management
Control Rooms
Source: UCSD Structural Engineering Dept.
Adding Brilliance to Wireless Sensors
With Systems-on-Chip
Applications
sensors Reconf.
Logic
Processors
Memory
Protocol
Processors
DSP
Source: Sujit Dey, UCSD ECE
RF
Internet
The Institute Facilitates Faculty Teams to
Compete for Large Federal Grants
Proposal-Form a National Scale Testbed
for Federating Multi-scale Brain Databases
Using NIH High Field NMR Centers
Stanford
U. Of MN
NCRR Imaging
and Computing
Resources UCSD
Harvard
Cal Tech
SDSC
Surface Web
Cal-(IT)2
Deep Web
UCLA
Duke
Source: Mark Ellisman, UCSD
Wireless “Pad”
Web Interface
Traffic Flow Optimization-Extending the Orange County Testbed
• Institute Scope
– Restructuring Traffic Flows by Sharing Information
– Sensor Based Real-Time Monitoring of Traffic & Cars
– Extension of the Internet Into Automobiles
– Telematics Consortium
– Creating Intelligent Vehicles
Cal-(IT)2 will Research
Multiplayer Computer Games
• 3D Multiplayer Worlds
– "EverQuest The online, real-time fantasy world lets
players assume the roles of warriors and wizards for days
on end... As the decade closed, this was the nearest you
could get to being on a Star Trek holodeck."
www.everquest.com
Pervasive Computing Means Overlaying
the Physical and Cyber Realities
Source: Virginia Tech/Univ. Illinois, MIT,
Univ Washington, UCSD
Broadband Wireless Internet is Here Today
• Local Area Wireless Internet “Watering Holes”
– Ad Hoc IEEE 802.11 Domains
– Real Broadband--11 mbps Going to 54 mbps
– Security and Authentication can be Added
– But, it is Shared and Local
– MobileStar--Admiral Clubs, Starbucks, Major Hotels, …
– Universities, FreeNets
• Wide Area Internet—CDMA20001xEV
– Peak is 2.4 Mbps downstream, 307 kbps Upstream
– Average is 600 kbps upstream, 220 kbps down
– Extends CDMA Cellular/PCS Voice to IP Packet Data
– UCSD Has Antennas Working With Several Mile Coverage
The UCSD “Living Grid Laboratory”—
Fiber, Wireless, Compute, Data, Software
•Commodity Internet, Internet2
•CENIC’s ONI, Cal-REN2, Dig. Cal.
•PACI Distributed Terascale Facility
Wireless WAN
SDSC
• High-speed optical core
CS
Eng. / Cal-(IT)2
Hosp
Med
Chem
• Wireless LANs
SIO
½ Mile
Source: Phil Papadopoulos, SDSC
Adding Brilliance to Information Appliances
Using the Wireless Internet
802.11b Wireless
Interactive Access to:
• Job Status
• Application Codes
• File Storage
Goal: Smooth Handoff by Mobile Device
Faced With Heterogeneous Access Network
Our Focus:
Identify Issues Related to Handoff
Between WLAN and WWAN Networks
and Implement a Test-bed
(802.11b)
WLAN
(CDMA20001xEV)
CDMA
Internet
GPRS
Discussing Field Tests of
Birdstep Technology
& Ericsson
CDPD
Ramesh Rao, Kameshwari Chebrolou
UCSD-CWC, Cal-(IT)2
The Implementation is Based on
Co-Allocated Mobile IP
• The Mobile Terminal Obtains a Care-of-Address
(CoA) From the WLAN/WAN Network
• The Mobile Terminal (MT) Informs the Home
Agent of the CoA
• The Home Agent Routes Packets From the
Remote Host to This CoA by Tunneling
(Encapsulation)
• The MT Does the Decapsulation
• The MT Sends Packets Directly to the Remote
Host
Ramesh Rao, Kameshwari Chebrolou
UCSD-CWC, Cal-(IT)2
Extending Our Work to Bluetooth
• Coexistence Mechanisms for Interference Mitigation
– Between 802.11 WLANs and 802.15 WPANs
– Collaborative and Non-Collaborative Mechanisms
– A Novel Non-Collaborative Scheme
– For Both Synchronous and Asynchronous 802.15 Traffic
– Significant Reduction in Interference
– Project Between
– Carla Chiasserini [Politecnico di Torino – Italy]
– Ramesh R. Rao [Cal-(IT)2, UCSD]
• Mobile Peer-to-Peer Networks
– Stefan Savage, Geoff Voelker, Keith Marzullo [UCSD CSE]
– Acquire ~100 iPAQ's Connected with Bluetooth
– DARPA Proposal Under Review
Throughput Enhancement
Using Multiple Wireless Interfaces
WAN1
Home
Agent
WAN2
Internet
WAN3
Ramesh Rao, Kameshwari Chebrolou
UCSD-CWC, Cal-(IT)2
Remote
Host
Implement Using
a Channel Striping Algorithm
• Use a Mobile IP-Like Infrastructure to Schedule the
Packets Onto the Multiple Interfaces
• The Scheduling Algorithm Is Implemented on the
Home Agent and the Mobile Terminal
• Create an Interface Selector That Manages the Multiple
Interfaces by Picking the Least Cost Interfaces That
Satisfy the Bandwidth Requirements of the
Applications
Channel
Striping
Algorithm
Ramesh Rao, Kameshwari Chebrolou
UCSD-CWC, Cal-(IT)2
The Era of Guerilla Infrastructure-Unexpected Revolutions
• Guerilla vs. Commercial Infrastructure
–
–
–
–
–
Bottom Up
Completely Decentralized
Self-Assembling
Use at Your Own Risk
Paves the Way for Commercial Deployment
• Examples
–
–
–
–
–
NSFnetInternet
NCSA MosaicWeb
IEEE 802.11Broadband Wireless Internet
NapsterPeer-to-Peer Storage
SETI@homePeer-to-Peer Computing
Universities Are Rapidly Moving to Deploy
802.11 Nodes
• CMU
– Project Monarch
– Developing Networking Protocols & Protocol Interfaces to
Allow Seamless Wireless and Mobile Host Networking
– Been Working with 802.11 for Two Years
• UNC
– Requires All Freshman to Have a Laptop
– Seven Buildings with 802.11 in Classroom, Labs, Dorms
– Joint with Cisco
• University of Houston
– 120 Distributed 802.11 Nodes
• KTH-IT, Stockholm
– 45 nodes, 512 laptop clients in Fall
• University of California San Diego
– Bridging 802.11 WLAN with CDMA2000 WAN
– Wide Array of Clients
University Free Nets are Leading to
Community Open Access Networks
•
•
•
•
Free Access to Local Information
Gateway to Choice of Internet ISPs
Ericsson is Co-Sponsor
KTH and the City of Stockholm cooperating
– Beginning to Deploy Bay Stations in City
• Discussions on Creating SwedenOpen
www.stockholmopen.net
Rapidly Growing 802.11b
Community Wireless Network in Seattle
We are using widely-available, license-free technology to
create a free, locally-owned wireless backbone.
This is a MetropolitanAreaNetwork (not just a "wireless
LAN" in your home or business) and a communityowned, distributed system (not yet another service
provider to whom you owe a monthly bill).
www.seattlewireless.net
The 802.11b WLAN Node Movement
Has Hit Sweden!
• “If you have a broadband or DSL connection in your
home or office, buy an access point, hook it up, and
you are a node operator.”
• “The project grew out of a skepticism towards the
claims of the telecom industry regarding the
usefulness and success of the future "third generation
mobile telephone systems" as the only means to
implement "the wireless Internet". “
• “We envision a cloud of free Internet connectivity that
will cover most inhabited areas. The coverage might
be spotty, vary over time, and be hard to control or
predict, just like a fog or smog. “
•
369 members as of June 1, 2001
www.elektrosmog.nu/
Will The Planned Global Rollout of 3G
Proceed as Planned?
• Lack of 3G Global Standardization
– Constrains Economies of Scale
• The Economics of Telecom
– The Huge Debt Load
– The Investment in 3G Buildout
– Is There a Business Case to Recoup?
• Technological Breakouts
– IEEE 802.11 Buildout
– 3G (Data-Only) Can Deploy Now (CDMA20001xEV)
– Will They Skim the Cream of the 3G Market?