Transcript Internetworking

Internetworking
Prof. Ir. Kudang B. Seminar, MSc, PhD
Direktur Komunikasi & Sistem Informasi IPB
Bogor, 14 Mei 2009
What is Internetworking?
• Internetworking : suatu bentuk hubungan,
kerjasama atau kemitraan yang
mendayagunakan TI (teknologi informasi)
berbasis jaringan (internet, intranet,
ekstranet)
• Trend: menuju pada Internetworked
Enterprises (B-to-B, B-to-C, G-to-G, G-to-B,
G-to-C)
How Information Technology
Support The Globalization of
Business?
Drives of
Change
Competitive
Environment
Globalization
Efficient
Global
Technology
Markets
Competitive
Response
Global
Business
Operation and
Alliances
Implementation
The Networked
Global
Corporation
Shift of Paradigm in Business:
Towards Electronic Data
Interchange (EDI)
Video
Conference
E-Mail
LAN/
WAN
CableTelevision
Merging of Computing
& Communications
Fax
Voice
mail
Pagers
Phone/
Celullar
Businesses’ Trend
• Becoming internetworked enterprises
• Supported by computer networks to
allow fast & accurate data exchange
and expansion of business scale with
better coordination, and cooperation
• Widely distributed enterprises
connected via MAN, WAN, LAN
Business Telecommunications
Telecommunications: sending of information
(voice, data, text, and images) from place to
another.
supported by
Telecommunications Networks
include
Enterprise
Collaboration
Systems
Electronic
Commerce
Systems
Internal
Business
Systems
Electronic Collaboration
Systems
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E-Mail
Voice Mail
Discussions Forums
Data Conferencing
Voice Conferencing
Video Conferencing
Electronic Meeting
Electronic Commerce Systems
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On-Line POS (Point of Sale)
Web Retailing & Wholesaling
EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)
E-Funds Transfer
E-Banking
Interactive Marketing
Supply Chain Management
Internal Business Systems
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Internal Transaction Processing
Inquiry Processing
Intranet Web Publishing
Workflow Systems
Activity Monitoring
Process Control
Management Support Systems
Trend of Telecommunication
Technology
Toward the use of the Internet and other open
and interconnected local & global digital
networks for multimedia with heavy use of
high speed fiber optic lines and satellite
channels to form a global information
superhighway system.
Information Superhighway
An advanced high speed Internet-like
network that connects individual
households, businesses, government
agencies, libraries, schools, universities,
and other institutions with interactive
voice, video, data and multimedia
communications.
ISDN (Integrated Services
Digital Network)
A network that provides integrated
services of data exchange in various
forms: voice, video, data, images, and
multimedia communications.
Business Value of
Internetworking
• Overcome geographic barriers
• Overcome time barriers
• Overcome cost barriers
• Overcome structural barriers
Internet, Intranet, Extranet
Layered System View
Intranet
Extranet
Internet
Corporate members
Clients, partners, customers
Global society: competitors
What is Internet?
• a worldwide system of computer networks
• a public, cooperative, and self-sustaining
facility accessible to hundreds of millions of
people worldwide
• use a set of protocols called Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
What is Intranet?
• Networks connecting an affiliated set of
clients
• Using standard Internet Protocols,
especially TCP/IP and HTTP, and some
FTP
• IP-based network of nodes behind a set of
firewalls
What is Extranet?
• part of a company's intranet that is extended to
users outside the company
• securely share part of a business's information
or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners,
customers, or other businesses
How Does Intranet Work?
Establish an internal network
• Via LAN (Local Area Network)
• Via WAN (Wide Area Network)
• Via MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
which rely on ISDN (Integrated Services of
Digital Network)
When TCP/IP protocols are set up, web servers &
browsers can be installed to give access to the Intranet.
FASILITAS INTERNET
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E-mail: person-to-person messaging
Telnet: logon on into a remote computer (remote login)
Chatting: interactive conversations
WWW (World Wide Web): retrieve, format, & display
information (text, audio, graphics, video) using hypertext
links
• BBS (Bulletin Board System): discussion groups
• Archive: search database of documents, software
• WAIS: Locate files in databases using keywords
What Tools are in Intranet?
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A decision-making tool
A complete communication tool
An expert’s tool
A customer tool
A human resource tool
Benefits of Intranet
• Cost-effective communication in corporate
• Fostering actual/real interaction of knowledge
• Providing more flexibility in human’s abilities
to do jobs
• Promoting secure system of access &
interaction
• Becoming corporate communication tools
Corporate can use Extranet for
• Exchange large volumes of data using Electronic Data Interchange
(EDI) or XML
• Share product catalogs exclusively with wholesalers or those "in the
trade"
• Collaborate with other companies on joint development efforts
• Jointly develop and use training programs with other companies
• Provide or access services provided by one company to a group of
other companies, such as an online banking application managed by
one company on behalf of affiliated banks
 Share news of common interest exclusively with partner companies
Security for Intra- & Extra-net
• require firewall server management, the
issuance and use of digital certificates or
similar means of user authentication,
encryption of messages, and the use of
virtual private networks (VPN) that tunnel
through the public network.
Customer Relationship
Management (CRM)
• an information industry term for methodologies,
software, and usually Internet capabilities that help an
enterprise manage customer relationships in an
organized and efficient manner
• an enterprise builds a database that describes
relationships in sufficient detail so that management,
salespeople, and customer service reps can access
information; match customer needs with product plans
and offerings; remind customers of service
requirements; know what other products a customer
had purchased; etc.
Supply chain management (SCM)
• the oversight of materials, information, and
finances as they move in a process from supplier
to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to
consumer
• involves coordinating and integrating these flows
both within and among companies
• ultimate goal of any effective supply chain
management system is to reduce inventory (with
the assumption that products are available when
needed)
• Related to Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
Internetworking for Strategic
Advantage
4/9/2016
Kudang B. Seminar
27
Fundamentals of Strategic
Advantage
• An enterprise must survive in the globally
competitive era
• Internetworking can change the way
businesses compete
• Internetworking is designed & implemented as
vital competitive networks that help an
enterprise achieve its strategic objectives
4/9/2016
Kudang B. Seminar
28
Information Systems as a
Strategic Resource
Competitive Marketplace
Externally
Strategic
Company A
Internally
Strategic
4/9/2016
Company B
Inter-Firm
Strategic
Focus
“Alliance”
Kudang
B. Seminar
29
Competitive Forces and Strategies
Chapter 2 Competing with Information Technology
30
Competitive Forces
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Rivalry of competitors within its industry
Threats of new entrants,
Threats of substitutes,
The bargaining power of customers, and
The bargaining power of suppliers
Competitive Strategies
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Cost Leadership Strategy
Differentiation Strategy
Innovation Strategy
Growth Strategies
Alliance Strategies
4/9/2016
Kudang B. Seminar
32
Cost Leadership Strategy
• Become a low cost producer of products
and services
• Find ways to help suppliers or customers
reduce their costs
• Increase the costs of competitors.
Differentiation Strategy
• Develop ways to differentiate products and
services from competitors.
• Reduce the differentiation advantages of
competitors.
Innovation Strategy
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Develop new products & services
Enter new markets or marketing segments
Establish new business alliances
Find new ways of producing
products/services
• Find new ways of distributing
products/services
Growth Strategies
• Significantly expand the company’s
capacity to produce goods and services
• Expand into global markets
• Diversify into new products and services
• Integrate into related products and services.
Alliance Strategies
• Establish new business linkages and
alliances with customers, suppliers,
competitors, consultants and other
companies (mergers, acquisitions, joint
ventures, forming virtual companies, etc.).
Using the Inter-, Intra-, Extra-net
Strategically
• Cost and Efficiency Improvements
• Performance Improvement in Business
Effectiveness
• Global Market Penetration
• Product and Service Transformation
• System Security
Internetworking in Global
Management
4/9/2016
Kudang B. Seminar
39
Towards a Global Company
Today
Global
Geographic Concept
Business Concept
Centralization/Decentralization
Any Place
Mechanistic
Holistic
Isolationism
Low Boundaries
Not Invented Here
Network of Trust
Geographic Presence
Cultural Fit
Central Controllers
Core Connectors
Replication of Resources
Economic of Scales
Stove Pipe Connection
Great Network
Communications
Short Term View
Long Term View
Business Drivers for Global IT
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Global customer
Global products
Global operations
Global resources
Global collaboration
Global IT Platforms
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Internet or Internet-Like
High computing systems
Cyber & International Laws
Information/Data Encryption & Decryption
Open Systems
GDSS