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ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010
Beyond the Internet? - Innovations for
future networks and services
Future Networks: Challenges and
standardization results
ITU-T Focus Group on Future
Networks
(Keynote Presentation)
Alex Galis
University College London
[email protected]; www.ee.ucl.ac.uk/~agalis
Pune, India, 13 – 15 December 2010
Content
Internet Today / Current Networks
Context
Challenges & Why to change
Drivers for Change
Research Initiatives
ITU-T FG FN Focus Group Future
Networks
Future Networks
Objectives, Design Objectives,
Technologies
Concluding Remarks
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ARPAnet Plan – late 1960s
Rough sketch by Larry Roberts
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Internet 1973
UCL connected in July 1973 to ARPAnet
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Inter-networks Demonstration 1977
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Internet 2010
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Current Internet
 The Internet plays a central and vital role in our
society
 Work and business, education, entertainment, social life, …
 Victim of its own success, suffering from ossification
 Innovation meets natural resistance (e.g. no IPv6, no mobile
IP, no inter-domain DiffServ, no inter-domain multicast, etc.)
 Services such as P2P, IPTV, emerging services, pose
new requirements on the underlying network
architecture
 Big growth in terms of the number of inter-connected
devices but slow growth in innovation and new
services
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Key Changes in Internet - History
 Changes were possible when the Internet was still an
academic research network (i.e. until 1993 when the
WWW turned it to a commercial)
 Inter-network that underpins the “information
society”
 Key changes in that period were the following: 1982
DNS, 1983 TCP/IP instead of NCP, 1987 TCP
congestion control, 1991 BGP policy routing, 1991
SNMP
 No significant changes since then apart from MPLS
which has been deployed in addition to plain IP
 Research efforts towards the Future Internet:
evolutionary & cleaner-slate & clean-slate
approaches, changes, migration
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Next Generation Networks Next (NGN)
ITU-T : 2004 - Present
“A Next generation network (NGN) is a packet-based
network which can provide services including
Telecommunication Services and able to make use of
multiple broadband, Quality of Service-enabled
transport technologies and in which service-related
functions are independent from underlying
transport-related technologies. It offers unrestricted
access by users to different service providers. It
supports generalized mobility which will allow
consistent and ubiquitous provision of services to
users.”
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Overall NGN Architecture
Service stratum
Application Functions
Service
User
Profile
Functions
Management Functions
Service and Control
Functions
Transport
User
Profile
Functions
Customer
Functions
Access
Functions
UNI
Network
Attachment
Control Functions
Access
Access
Transport
Transport
Functions
functions
Transport Control
Functions
Edge
Functions
Media
Handling
Functions
Other
Other
networks
networks
Gateway
Functions
Core Transport
Core Transport
Functions
functions
NNI
Transport stratum
Control
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Media
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Current
Networks
- Status
Current
Internet Model
Hourglass Paradigm: Every System on IP an
IP on Every System
KISS Principle : “Keep it Simple, Stupid” ( i.e.
today optimisation is tomorrow’s bottleneck) D.
Isenberg
Simple network layer  Services are realised
at the end-hosts
-Robust & scalable communications
-Adaptable to unpredictable new applications (i.e.
source of innovation)
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Current
Internet
Internet & NGN
“No longer
fit for new
purposes” Some of the reasons:






Disappearance of the ‘End-host only’ concept ( i.e. edge
networks; new nodes : sensors, mobile devices )
Lack of in-system management (i.e. information, decision,
implementation – closed control loops for realising management
requirements)
Trustworthy User / Network / Service (i.e. end-host
protocols can and are altered  many security issues)
Best effort service delivery
No explicit media & content handling
Size & Costs:
• N X 109 connectivity points - status: reaching maturity and maybe
some limits
• N X105 services /applications - status: fast growing
• N X103 Exabyte's content - status: fast growing
• Cost structure: 80% (90%) of lifecycle costs are operational and
management costs - status: reaching crisis level

Ossification: reaching crisis level
• A lot of missing and interrelated features; missing enablers for
integration and orchestration of Nets, Services, Content, Storage
• Substantial barriers to innovation with novel services, networking
systems, architecture and technologies
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How to change
Approach:
 Parallel and Interconnected Internets;
Progressive changes; “Cleaner” slate and
evolutionary
 Network of networks  system of coordinated
service networks
 Virtualization of resources (Networks, Services,
Content, Storage)
 Programmability
 Increased self-managebility as the means of
controlling the complexity and the lifecycle
costs
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Research Initiatives
1.
Korea - Future Internet Forum http://fif.kr/
2.
Asia Future Internet http://www.asiafi.net/
3.
Japan - AKARI Future Internet http://akariproject.nict.go.jp/eng/concept
design.htm
4.
USA - Global Environment for Network
Innovations (GENI) - http://www.geni.net
5.
European Union - Future Internet Assembly
(FIA) www.future-internet.eu
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Current Internet
ITU-T FG FN -Focus Group Future Networks
 Period: July 2009 – Dec 2010
 Objective: document results that would enable
development of Recommendations for future
networks
 Results: FNs Vision Document + 3 Supporting
Technologies - published in early January 2011
 www.itu.int/en/ITUT/focusgroups/fn/Pages/Default.aspx
Chairman:
Takashi Egawa (NEC, Japan) - 2010
Morita Naotaka (NTT, Japan) - 2009
Vice-Chairman:
Hyoung Jun Kim (ETRI, Korea)
Vice-Chairman:
Alex Galis (University College London, UK)
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Future networks
•
•
ITU-T started pre-standardization activities
with identification of FNs requirements (FG FN) :
new social requirements (e.g., environment)
new application areas (e.g., IoT, cloud, smart grid)
new implementation technologies are found!
Introduction of new network architectures; we call this
Future Networks
• ITU is not R&D body. Direction is find by
analysing existing activities (Asia, EU, USA)
• Produced document Future Networks:
Objectives and Design Goals (Jan 2011) is
first “guidance”.
• FN - Appropriate timeframe for prototyping
and phased deployment is 2015 - 2020
• Next phase is also task of researcher to find
the best answers on requirements.
• http://www.itu.int/en/ITUT/focusgroups/fn/Pages/Default.aspx
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Definition - Future networks
Future Networks (FNs):
A future network is a network which is able to provide revolutionary
services, capabilities, and facilities that are hard to provide using
existing network technologies. A future network is either:
 new component network or an enhancement to an existing one;
 federation of new component networks or federation of new and
existing component networks.
Network
for/of
Individual
Network
for/of
Society
Network
for/on
Earth
ITU-T FG FN - Vision document
fundamental issues that are neglected in designing today’s
networks as ‘objectives’,
capabilities that should be supported by future networks as
‘design goals’,
ideas and research topics of future networks that are important
and may be relevant to future ITU-T standardization as ‘promising
technologies’.
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FN - Four Objectives
Environment awareness
FNs should be environmental
friendly.
Service awareness
FNs should have social-economic
incentives to reduce barriers to
entry for the various participants
of telecommunication sector.
SOCIAL-ECONOMIC
AWARENESS
Social-economic awareness
DATA
AWARENESS
FNs should have architecture that
is optimized to handling
enormous amount of data in a
distributed environment.
SERVICE
AWARENESS
Data awareness
ENVIRONMENT
AWARENESS
FNs should provide services that
are customized with the
appropriate functions to meet the
needs of applications and users.
FUTURE NETORKS
FUTURE NETORKS
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FNs - 12 Design Goals
①
(Service Diversity) FNs should accommodate a wide variety
of traffic and support diversified services
②
(Functional Flexibility) FNs should have flexibility to support
and sustain new services derived from future user demands
③
(Virtualization of resources) FNs should support
virtualization so that a single resource can be used
concurrently by multiple virtual resources.
④
(Data Access) FNs should support isolation and abstraction
FNs should have mechanisms for retrieving data in a timely
manner regardless of its location.
⑤
(Energy Consumption) FNs should have device, system, and
network level technologies to improve power efficiency and to
satisfy customer’s requests with minimum traffic
⑥
(Service Universalization)FNs should facilitate and
accelerate provision of convergent facilities in differing areas
such as towns or the countryside, developed or developing
countries
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FNs - 12 Design Goals (Cont.)
⑦ (Economic Incentives) FNs should be designed to provide
sustainable competition environment to various participants in
ecosystem of ICT by providing proper economic incentives
⑧ (Network Management) FNs should be able to operate,
maintain and provision efficiently the increasing number of
services and entities.
⑨ (Mobility) FNs should be designed and implemented to provide
mobility that facilitates high levels of reliability, availability and
quality of service in an environment where a huge number of
nodes can dynamically move across the heterogeneous
networks.
⑩ (Optimization) FNs should provide sufficient performance by
optimizing capacity of network equipments based on service
requirement and user demand.
⑪ (Identification) FNs should provide a new identification
structure that can effectively support mobility and data access
in a scalable manner.
⑫ (Reliability and Security)FNs should support extremely highreliability services
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FN : Objectives vs. Design Goals
ENVIRONMENT
AWARENESS
SERVICE
AWARENESS
DATA
AWARENESS
SOCIALECONOMIC
AWARENESS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Service Diversity
Functional Flexibility
Virtuallization of resourc.
Data Access
Energy Consumption
Service Universalization
Economic Incentives
Network Management
Mobility
Optimization
Identification
Reliability & Security
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Technologies - achieving the design goals
Virtualization of Resources (Network Virtualization)
Enables creation of logically isolated network partitions over
shared physical network infrastructures so that multiple
heterogeneous virtual networks can simultaneously coexist
over the shared infrastructures; it allows the aggregation of
multiple resources and makes the aggregated resources
appear as a single resource
Data/Content-oriented Networking (Data Access)
Energy-saving of Networks (Energy Consumption)
Forward traffic with less power
Control device/system operation for traffic dynamics
Satisfy customer requests with minimum traffic
In-system Network Management (Network
Management)
Distributed Mobile Networking (Mobility)
Network Optimization (Optimization)
Device / System / Network level optimization (Path
optimization, Network topology optimization, Accommodation
point optimization)
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Future
Networks
(FN)–Vs.
Next Generation
Future
Internet
some
key differences
Networks(NGN) - Key differences
NGN - “A Next generation network (NGN) is a packet-based network
which can provide services including Telecommunication Services and
able to make use of multiple broadband, Quality of Service-enabled
transport technologies and in which service-related functions are
independent from underlying transport-related technologies. It offers
unrestricted access by users to different service providers. It supports
generalized mobility which will allow consistent and ubiquitous
provision of services to users.” – source ITU-T 2004
http://www.itu.int/newsarchive/press_releases/2004/05.html
FN Vs. NGN
The fundamental difference between FN and NGN is the switch from
‘packet-based’ systems such as those using Internet Protocol (IP) with
a separate transport and service strata to a service and managementaware packet-based network, which is based on shared virtualized
processing, storage and communication resources.
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Future Networks Key Features
Future Networks Scope
Requests
Applications/
Services
API
Enablers
Control
Service–aware &
Management-aware
functions
Functional
Features
API
Virtualization
functions
API
24
Networking,
processing and
storage
resources
(Infrastructure
Resources)
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Future
Networks
(FN)
– Proposed
Definition
Future
Internet
– some
key differences
Future Networks (FN) are represented by the interconnection and interoperations of
several heterogeneous and dynamic networks of shared virtualised resources.

FN offer unrestrictive access by users to different service providers. FN offer to service
providers qualified access to a set of network embedded resource-facing services,
providing scalable, self-managed inexpensive networking infrastructures on demand.

FN can provide services of any complexity including ICT, Telecommunication and
Universal Services. FN should support the complete lifecycle of services that can be
primarily constructed by recombining existing elements in new and creative ways.

Distinguishing objectives for FN are: environment - awareness, service – awareness,
data - awareness and social-economic – awareness. Realisation of FN would be enabled
by the following design goals: power consumption control, service diversity, service
universalization, functional flexibility, data access efficiency, economic incentives,
efficient management, mobility, resource identification, high reliability and security
Realisation of FN are characterized by the following design goals:

Shared technical resources such as processing, storage and communication resources
of Future Networks are to be combined as virtual networks, across multiple domains
and used in a simple and pervasive way by any services. FN encompass all levels of
provisioning, operation, interoperability and interfaces for enhanced manageability, for
diverse services and for optimal access and utilisation of shared resources.

FN provide embedded enablers for a number of key functions, including virtualisation
enablers, in-system self-management enablers, energy saving enablers, mobility
enablers, network optimisation enablers, data & content-enablers, economic incentive
enablers.
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Future Networks (FN) - Concluding Remarks
Current Networks = Network of Interconnected uncoordinated
networks – “infrastructure where intelligence is located at the
edges”
Future Networks = Unlike the original Internet infrastructure or
NGN infrastructure set of standards, which merely focus on
technical connectivity, routing, and naming, the scope of the
Future Networks recommendations, standards, and guidelines
should encompass all levels of interfaces for Manageability,
Services as well as technical (networking, computation,
storage) resources (“Infrastructure where the intelligence is
embedded - Smart Infrastructure”).
Substitute KISS principle with KII principle :
KISS Principle : “Keep it Simple, Stupid - Today optimisation is
tomorrow’s bottleneck” (Source D. Isenberg)
KII Principle : “Keep it Intelligent -Today fundamental is
tomorrow’s secondary” (Source A. Galis)
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Conclusion
To design FN, wider collaboration than traditional
Telecom framework is necessary.
 Today’s promising areas are all interdisciplinary areas,
which include Telecom and other industries
 Clouds: computing clouds, in-network clouds, storage
clouds, smart grid: power, IoT: health, vehicle, etc.
 Telecom has become an infrastructure of every
industry, so we need to learn their needs to design
future networks
 We can’t design smart grid ready network without
understanding power industry’s requirements
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Thank you for your attention
Q&A
28
Key Features of NGN Release 1
Service Stratum
A pplication Functions
U ser
Profile
Functions
O ther M ultimedia
Components …
Stream ing Services
Service
and
Control
Functions
Other Networks
PST N / ISD N Emulation
IP M ultimedia
Component
Legacy
Term inals
N etwork Access
Attachm ent Functions
NA A F
GW
Customer
Networks
NG N
Terminals
Custom er and
Term inal Functions
A ccess
Functions
A ccess Transport
Functions
Resource and A dmission
Control Functions
RACF
Edge
Functions
C ore transport
Functions
Transport Stratum
UNI
QoS Aspects and one part of Control aspect
(IP QoS signaling Requirement)
NNI
A part of
Release 1 coverage
30
Networking Trends & Possible Solutions
Increase Efficiency




Self-Organizing Networks
Cognitive Radio
Load (Femto Cells, WiFi)
Green Networking & Energy Efficiency
Share Resources


Infrastructure Sharing
Spectrum Sharing
Shift towards Service-awareness
 Embedding Service Enablers
More and More Complexity to Manage

Embedding Autonomicity
31
Key Features of Future Networks
32
Future Networks Key Features
Applications/
Services
Requests
API
Future Networks Scope
Enablers
Control
Service–aware &
Management-aware functions
Functional
Features
API
Virtualization functions
API
33
Networking,
processing and
storage resources
(Infrastructure
Resources)
33
Future networks
Future
Services/
Applications
Clean & Cleaner
–slate
Approaches
Internet
Future
Networks
NGNs
2015 - 2020
34