Transcript C8S3 Crusades and the Holy Land

Writing Prompt
• I. What’s the difference between Man’s law
and God’s law?
• II. In your opinion, is there a difference
between fighting as a soldier for one’s country
and fighting for one’s religion? Explain.
WP
• III. How do you feel
about Colin
Kaepernick’s act of
protest (taking a knee
during the national
anthem)?
cru·sade
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kro͞oˈsād/
noun
noun: Crusade; plural noun: Crusades
1.
a medieval military expedition, one of a series made by
Europeans to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in
the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries.
verb
verb: crusade; 3rd person present: crusades; past tense:
crusaded; past participle: crusaded; gerund or present
participle: crusading
1.
lead or take part in an energetic and organized campaign
concerning a social, political, or religious issue.
The Crusades and the
Wider World
The World in 1050
• W. Europe was
emerging from a period
of isolation.
• Byzantine, Muslim,
Indian, and Chinese,
coastal African
kingdoms were thriving.
• The Turks (Muslim
converts) began assault
on the Christian
Byzantine lands.
The Crusades
• 1095 - Byzantine emperor
asks Rome’s Pope for help
fighting the Turks.
• “Call to War” – Western
Europe’s Christians answer.
65K
• Mixed Motives: 1) prevent
Muslim expansion 2) land
and wealth 3) heal the
East/West Christian split 4)
increase personal power 5)
wash away sin 6) golden
ticket to heaven
Fighting Losing Battles
• Christians are brutalize
everyone in their path.
• Established 4 Crusader
states in the Middle
East.
• Jerusalem falls to
Christians in 1099 (1st
Crusade). Muslims
retook the city in 1187.
Jerusalem
• Founded 2000 BC
• Jewish, Romans, Persians,
Christians, Muslims
• Destroyed 2x
• Besieged 23X
• Attacked 52X
• Captured 44X
Founded around 3000 BCE
Jewish Roman
Christian
Muslim
• Monastic orders: defend Christian pilgrims through
the Holy Land.
Timeline of more Crusades
• 1030 - Turkish retake Edessa
• 1047 – 2nd Crusade, led by
France and Holy Roman
Empire. Defeated in
Damascus. Muslims take
Jerusalem.
• 1189 – 3rd Crusade, attempt to
take Cairo fails. Take coastal
cities of Acre & Jaffa. Negotiate
deal with Muslims to visit
Jerusalem
• 1198 – 4th Crusade, ransack
Constantinople
• 1208 – 5th Crusade, genocide
of the Cathari Christians in
France
The Impact of the Crusades
• Bitter legacy of religious
hatred btw Muslims,
Christians, and Jews.
• In Europe, quickened the
pace of change.
• A) Growth of money
economies due to luxury
goods and undermined
serfdom
• B) Increased power for
monarchs and the Church.
• C) Wider Worldview Evolves
– planting the seeds for the
Renaissance.
The Reconquista
• 1085, Christian campaign
to drive Muslim Moors
from Iberian Peninsula.
• 1492, the last Muslim
stronghold is defeated in
Granada, Spain.
• The Spanish Inquisition:
imposed unity of its
diversity of religions by
eliminating anyone not
Christian.
Opinion
• IV. The President of the US used the word
Crusade after 911 when giving a speech to the
American people about going after the people
who were suspected of attacking the US on
911. How do you feel about the President
using this word in his speech?
Class/homework
• • Read/Cornell Notes pages 69 - 74.
• •Checkpoint questions (restate question and
answer in complete sentences. Highlight CP
to indicate your checkpoint questions in your
Cornell Notes.
• •Terms, People, and Places: identified in blue,
define and note significance.
• * Assessment questions 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Cause & Effect
• 2. How did the Crusades change life in Europe
and beyond?
• In Europe, the Crusades led to economic
expansion: increased trade and use of money,
which undermined serfdom and led to prosperity
of northern Italian cities. They led to increased
power of monarchs and the papacy. In the
Middle East, Muslim regimes united against
Christian invaders under Saladin.
Draw Conclusions
• 3. Why was the invasion of the Byzantine
empire by the Turks significant?
• It led to the call for help from the Byzantine
emperor and resulted in the Crusades.
Cause and Effect
• 4. Explain three reasons why Europeans joined
the Crusades.
• Religious duty, gaining wealth and land,
escaping limited opportunities, adventure,
power, fame
Determine Relevance
• 5. How did the Crusades accelerate change in
Europe?
• Crusaders brought goods and ideas back with
them, trade increased a money economy,
began to undermine serfdom, and ships that
had carried crusaders were available for trade
and exploration.
Opinion
• 6. Do you think unity in Spain was worth the
costs of Reconquista? Explain