Transcript Novell §10: Console

Chapter Ten
Operating the Server Console
Chapter Objectives
• Describe Essential Console Commands and
NetWare Loadable Modules (NLMs)
• Use NetWare Console Commands to secure the
console
• Use Java Utilities to view server statistics and
create a user
• Use Remote console management to access the
server console from a workstation attached to the
network
Chapter Objectives
• Configure workstations to access the network
using the TCP/IP protocol
• Use the VREPAIR NLM to fix volume
problems
• Use the SMS (Storage Management System) to
back up network data
Console Operations
• Console
Commands
– Built into
Server.exe
• NetWare
Loadable Modules
– loaded into memory
to provide
additional
processing logic.
Server Startup Process
• Run SERVER.EXE from DOS partition.
• SERVER.EXE checks for commands in the
STARTUP.NCF file while loading.
– Disk drivers are loaded
– SYS volume is mounted
• After SERVER.EXE is loaded it performs any
commands from the AUTOEXEC.NCF file.
– Server name, network card drivers and protocols
provided.
Console Commands
• BIND [protocol] to [driver]
Console Commands
• CONFIG
Sample CONFIG Command
Console Commands
• DISPLAY SERVERS
Console Commands
• DISABLE/ENABLE LOGIN
– Prevents or allows new users on the system.
– Issue DISABLE LOGIN before downing server.
• DOWN
– Closes all files
– Exists server.exe program
– Returns to DOS prompt unless the SECURE
CONSOLE command has been executed.
Console Commands
• LOAD
– Loads an NLM into memory. Typing the name of a
module on the console will automatically do a load.
• MODULES
– Displays all NLM currently loaded into memory.
• MOUNT
– Places a volume on-line for access on the network.
• DISMOUNT
– Takes a volume off-line. Often used for volume repair.
Console Commands
• SEND
– SEND “message” TO #
• SET TIME
– SET TIME 10/30/99 3:00p
– SET TIME 4:00p
– SET TIME October 30, 1999
• UNBIND
– Removes a protocol from a LAN driver
NetWare Loadable Modules
• Provide additional functionality and utilities
• Types of NLMs
– Disk Drivers
• HAM and CDM extensions
– LAN Drivers
• LAN extensions
– Name Space
• NAM extensions
– General Purpose
• NLM extensions
Disk Drivers
• Loaded during startup process from the
STARTUP.NCF file.
• Host Bus Adapter modules (HBA extension)
– Drivers that manage the disk controller card.
• Control Device Modules (CDM extension)
– Drivers that manage individual devices such as
disk drives, CD-ROMs, and tape drives.
LAN Drivers
• Control network adapter cards.
• Loaded from the AUTOEXEC.NCF file.
• Must be loaded once for each frame type.
– Frame type specifies the format of data packets.
– Common Ethernet frame types:
• 802.3 - Used with early NetWare servers
• 802.2 - Used with IPX protocol
• Ethernet II - Used with TCP/IP protocol
Adding a New Frame Type
Name Space Modules
• Name Space modules add
logic to the Server for
processing file requests
from different client
operating systems.
– Loaded in Startup.NCF.
– LONG.NAM - Loaded
by default for SYS
volume. Supports
Windows 255 character
file names.
– MAC.NAM - Included
for supporting
Macintosh computers
NWCONFIG Module
• Used to modify
server configuration
and install new
products such as the
Web Server and
TCP/IP services.
Monitor Module
• Use to view:
– Tab key flips between
menu and screen.
– Server performance
– Current connections
– System statistics
• Important statistics:
– Utilization < 70%
– Total Cache > 1/3 of
Original Cache
– Dirty Cache < 1/3 Total
– Packet Receive < 400
Monitor Module - Cache Utilization
• Cache memory is
needed to store recent
disk blocks and reduce
the number of disk
reads.
• Select the Disk Cache
Utilization option.
– Long term cache hits
should be over 90%.
– Add memory or remove
modules if Long Term
cache hits < 90%
VRepair Module
• Volume cannot be mounted.
– Volume Allocation Tables can be damaged due to
power outages, server crashes, faulty software.
– After repairs are made, notify users to check their files
for possible problems.
• Check volume integrity.
– Preventative maintenance tool.
– Document any problems.
– Decide whether to write repairs to disk.
Using VRepair (1)
• Start VRepair utility.
– If SYS volume is
mounted, enter the
command VREPAIR or
LOAD VREPAIR from
the server console.
– If SYS volume is not
mounted, enter the
command: LOAD
C:VREPAIR to load
VREPAIR.NLM from
the DOS partitions.
Using VRepair (2)
• Select VREPAIR
options:
– Option 3 keeps changes
in memory for later
update.
– Option 1 allows you to
remove a name space
from a volume.
• Return to Main Menu
and select the Repair a
Volume option.
Using VRepair (3)
• Select a volume to
repair.
– Volume to repair must
be dismounted.
• If an error is found,
VREPAIR displays the
Current Error Settings
window.
– Select the option 1 “Do
not pause”
– Select option 2 to log
errors to a file.
Using VRepair (4)
• Select option 4 to
continue repair.
• A status windows is
displayed.
• At end of VREPAIR
write repairs to disk.
• Continue to run
VREPAIR until no
errors are reported.
Server Licensing
• Manages Novell Software licensing.
• Components:
– License Service provider
– License container
– License certificate object
• Utilities:
– NetWare Administrator - display and configure
– NLS Manager - display, configure, and reports
– NWCONFIG - install server licenses
NetWare Licensing Services
Activity - Check Server License
• In this activity you
will use NetWare
Administrator to
browse to the Class
container, find the
license container
object and then verify
the number of licenses
available and in-use on
your classroom server.
Java
• The Java language was developed by Sun
Microsystems.
• Important for developing Internet client/server
applications.
– Part of application runs on server while the user
interface runs on the client.
• Uses a Java engine to process program
instructions.
– Java engines allows Java to run on multiple platforms.
Java on NetWare
• Requirements:
– 48 to 64 MB RAM
– VESA 1.2 video driver for 640x480 with 256 colors.
• Non-VESA 1.2 provides 640x480 with 16 colors.
• JAVA.NLM engine loaded in AUTOEXEC.NCF.
• Run JAVA application using command:
– JAVA ProgramName [options]
• Run JAVA Applet:
– Java applets consist of Script commands in an HTML document.
– APPLET [path\filename.html] or [http:\\url]
Java GUI Console
• Java console is X-Windows based GUI console
started by the command STARTX in
AUTOEXEC.NCF.
• Functions:
– Install additional server products.
– Tools
• Settings for display and mouse
• Background colors
• Keyboard settings
– Start ConsoleOne
ConsoleOne
• Manage Server and NDS Tree from console.
• In ConsoleOne, My World icon includes:
– My Server
• Volumes
• Configuration Files
• Tools
– The Network
– Shortcuts
Server Configuration Files
• Allows changes to STARTUP and
AUTOEXEC NCF files.
• Click the Configuration Files object
– Double click the configuration file you want to
change.
Working with the File System
• Click the dot to the left of the Volumes object
under My Server.
• Click the dot to the left of the volume you want to
work with.
• Browse to the directory or file.
• Click the file or directory and perform file
operations:
– Create, Delete, Rename, Copy, or Edit
Console Management
• Click the dot to the left of the Tools option.
• Click the Console Management option.
• Enter “localhost” in the Hostname field and
include the administrator’s password.
• Click the Connect button.
• All existing console screens will be
windowed. Select the screen to work with.
Accessing Remote Consoles
• Remote server must be running the following
NLM.
– RCONAG6 password 2034 16800
• Click the dot to the left of the Tools option.
• Click RConsoleJ to display a console selection
screen.
• Enter the network address of the server and correct
password.
• Access the remote server’s text console.
Working with NDS
• Click the dot to the left
of “The Network” icon.
• Click the dot to the left
of “Novell Directory
Services” to display a
list of trees.
• Click the dot to the left
of the desired NDS
tree.
• Log in.
Creating Objects
• You can create the
following object types:
– Container
– Group
– User
• Right-click the parent
container.
• Select the object type
from the New option.
• Enter object data and
click Create.
Securing the Console
• Enter the command SECURE CONSOLE.
– Allows loading of NLMs only from the SYSTEM
directory.
– Prevents use of keyboard debugger.
– Prevents using the SET TIME command to change date
or time.
– DOWN command does not return to DOS prompt.
• SCRSAVER Utility
– Locks console until correct password is entered.
Remote Console Management
• Allows text based
server consoles to be
accessed from a
workstation using the
RCONSOLE software.
• Setup steps:
– Load REMOTE and
RSPX NLMs at server.
– Log in and run
RCONSOLE on the
client.
– Access RCONSOLE
options menu.
RCONSOLE Function Keys
• Alt+F1
– View RCONSOLE menu
• Alt+F2
– Exit RCONSOLE
• Alt+F3
– Move forward through console screens
• Alt+F4
– Move backward through console screens
Remote Console Menu
• Allows operator to do
the following:
– Copy files to the
server, including the
DOS (C) partition.
– Select a server screen.
– Return to DOS prompt
on workstation.
– Display workstation
address.
– Exit Remote Console
Activity - Copy Files to Server
• In this activity you will
use the RCONSOLE
utility to simulate
copying a new disk
driver to the server’s
C:\NWSERVER
directory. Be sure to
include your assigned
number prior to your
file to make it unique.
Backing up Server Data
• Storage Management System
– Host server
• Server that contains backup hardware.
– Target server
• Server to be backed up.
– Parent
• Directory or folder to backup.
– Child
• Files
Storage Management System
Establishing a Backup Process
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Determine Storage Needs.
Determine a Backup Strategy.
Assign a backup user.
Run Backup software.
Test the backup.
Develop a disaster recovery procedure.
Backup Strategies
• Full
– All data, regardless of when or if it has been previously
backed up.
• Incremental
– Files that have been created or modified since the last
Full or Incremental backup
• Differential
– Only data that has been modified since the last Full
backup.
Run Backup Software
• Load storage manager redirector (SMDR)
– Enter group context, SDMR context, Administrator
• Load target agents on servers to backup.
– TSA500 - backup data
– TSANDS - backup tree
• Load device interface software (SMSDI) and the
job queue manager - QMAN.
• Load SBSC and SBCON
Start Backup Program
• Load enhanced
SBACKUP software:
• Load SBSC
• Load SBCON
• Select Target server
• Select File System or
NDS.
• Provide Description
and backup type.
• Start the backup
Disaster Recovery Procedure
Implementing TCP/IP
• Benefits:
– Direct access to Internet.
– Access in TCP/IP services.
• Web Servers
• Email
• Local Intranet applications
– Reduce number of protocols by having
NetWare server and clients use TCP/IP rather
than IPX.
Encapsulated TCP/IP Packets
• In earlier versions of
NetWare, using
TCP/IP on your
network required
that IPX packets be
encapsulated within
TCP/IP packets.
• Requires more band
width and processing
overhead.
Pure TCP/IP Packets
• NetWare 5 allows the
use of NetWare
server requests within
pure TCP/IP packets.
• Pure TCP/IP packets
reduce overhead and
network bandwidth.
TCP/IP Basics
• Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP)
• Developed in the 1960s to support communication
among diverse government and university
mainframe computers.
• A Host is any computer attached to the network.
• An Internet Service Provider (ISP) provides a link
to the Internet backbone.
IP Address Components
• To attach your network to
the Internet you will need to
be assigned one or more
unique Internet addresses by
the Internet Access Board
(IAB).
• Internet addresses consist of
four numbers separated by
periods. Each number can
range from 0-255.
• Depending on the address
class, part of the address
represents the network while
the other part represents the
host.
IP Network Mask
• The IP Mask identifies the network part of the IP
Address by containing binary “1”s in each of the
network address bits.
– Class A mask: 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
255.0.0.0
– Class B mask: 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
255.255.0.0
– Class C mask: 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
255.255.255.0
TCP/IP Address Classes
Assigning a Client IP Address
Activities - TCP/IP on Client
• In the first activity
you will modify your
client to use the IP
address scheme for
your classroom
network.
• In the second activity
you will use the PING
command to test your
communication to the
NetWare server.
Chapter Summary
• Operating the Server console includes:
– Console commands
– NetWare Loadable Modules (NLMs)
– Java ConsoleOne utility
• Console commands are built into the Server.exe
program.
Chapter Summary
• NetWare Loadable Modules:
–
–
–
–
Disk drivers (HAM and CDM extensions)
LAN drivers (LAN extension)
Name modules (NAM extension)
General purpose (NLM extension)
• NWCONFIG
• MONITOR
• VREPAIR
Chapter Summary
• Java
– GUI console
• Install software, Display settings, start ConsoleOne
– ConsoleOne Utility
•
•
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•
•
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My Computer (Modify server configuration files)
Work with the file system
The Network (Create and modify NDS objects)
Shortcuts
Console Management
Remote server management
Chapter Summary
• Remote Console Facility
– RCONSOLE on workstation
– Load REMOTE and RSPX on Server
• Storage Management System
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Backup target servers on host system
Backup strategy: full, incremental, differential
Assign backup user
Run Backup software
Develop a recovery procedure
Chapter Summary
• Implementing TCP/IP
–
–
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Used to provide access to Internet and Intranet services.
NetWare 5 users pure TCP/IP packets rather than encapsulation.
Unique IP addresses assigned by Internet Access Board
Network Address Classes:
• Class A: 8-bit network address
• Class B: 16-bit network address
• Class C: 24-bit network address
– Use PING to test IP communications
Chapter Summary
• Default Rights
– Initial Installation.
• Supervisor rights to Admin in root of tree
• Browse rights to [public] in root of tree
– New User
• User has Read rights to all properties and Write to
Login script and Print Jobs.
• [Root] has Read rights to the Group property.
• [Public] has Read rights to Default server.