Transcript Fujitsu.CMG V1 - Computer Measurement Group

CMG 2008
“Is Storage and I/O Still Important in a Virtual World?”
Storage Features and Trends
Steve Crawford
Fujitsu Computer Systems
Storage Marketing
Fujitsu Computer Systems
Agenda
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
Business Drivers and Technical Solutions
Storage Features and Trends
 Storage Tiers
 Solid State Drives
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MAID (Massive Array of Idle Disks)
Security
Performance
Host Connectivity
Disaster Recovery for Business Continuity
Virtualization
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Business Drivers and Storage Solutions
Business Driver
Technical Solution
Uncompromised Availability,
Scalability and Performance
Reliability, Accessibility and
Serviceability (RAS) Architecture
Environmental Awareness and
Increased ROI
MAID (Massive Array of Idle Disks) for
power savings
Improved Security
Disk Data Encryption
Affordable Business Continuance and
Disaster Recovery
WAN acceleration, Replication and
Security features
Visibility and Increased Control of
Storage Complexities
Data Mobility through Storage
Virtualization and Replication
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Storage Tiers
Select right disk drive size, speed and price for application use
 Mix disk drives or tiers in same storage system
 Storage Tiers
 Tier 1: High performance
Drive
Sizes: 73GB to 300GB
Fibre
Channel (FC) and Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) -15K rpm, high
availability
 Tier 2: Nearline drives deliver good performance
Drive Sizes: 500GB to 1TB
Serial ATA (SATA) - 7.2K rpm, lower price point, high capacity and
reliable
 Tier 3: ECO mode – MAID (Massive Array of Idle Disks) delivers new
levels of economy for “information-at-rest”
 Tier 4: Offline for backup and recovery
Tape (Virtual Tape Library, Discrete Tape, etc. )
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Solid State Drives (SSDs)
 Preliminary performance claims for the EMC DMX flash drives are
a tenfold improvement in response times and a thirty-fold
improvement in maximum input/output rates relative to physical
disk drives of equivalent capacity.
 EMC plans to offer flash drives in 73GB and 146GB capacities
later in 1Q08. Prices are not released. (Expect to be priced at 30
times the cost of a physical disk of equivalent capacity.)
 Benefits:
 Higher performance
 Eliminates the need for battery backup
 Increased MTBF to physical disk drive
 Lower power consumption
 What is unknown:
 Pricing
 Concern about flash drive service history?
Fujitsu Computer Systems
Reduced Power Consumption
Power Footprint
ETERNUS4000 Model 500 is 6.3% better than the CX3-80 with 420 drives
ETERNUS8000 Model 900 is 5.3% better than the DMX3 with 480 drives
ETERNUS8000 Model 1100 is 2.2% better than the DMX3 with 1,020 drives
12
MAID Example Details
am
Example 32TB
Cost of 80 drives spinning 24 hours/day for 1 year = $1,700
Cost of 80 drives spinning 5 hours/day for 1 year = $684
12
on
off
pm
off
5
Total cost savings of nearly 60% for the drives in a MAID group
RAID5 (4+1)
500GB 7.2Krpm disks
16x RAID groups
Fujitsu Computer Systems
Case Study: Use of MAID Technology
3 backup generations managed
by Advanced Copy Manager
OPC
Monday (Generation 1)
- 20x 500GB Nearline disks
- 4x RAID5 (4+1) sets (8TB of capacity)
- Scheduled Active 6PM-8AM (14 hours)*
Standard mode operational volumes
- 50x 300GB disks
- 6x RAID0/1 (4+4) sets (7TB of capacity)
- 2x hot spare drives
- Fully powered 24 hours / day
OPC
Wednesday (Generation 2)
- 20x 500GB Nearline disks
- 4x RAID5 (4+1) sets (8TB of capacity)
- Scheduled Active 6PM-8AM (14 hours)*
OPC
Friday (Generation 3)
- 20x 500GB Nearline disks
- 4x RAID5 (4+1) sets (8TB of capacity)
- Scheduled Active 6PM-8AM (14 hours)*
20% power consumption reduction per day
* 2x hot spares activated also
- normal mode (84,974 Watt Hours)
- using MAID feature (67,746 Watt Hours)
Fujitsu Computer Systems
MAID Management Details
 Drive spindle motor powers down
 On a drive basis, reduces power consumption by approx 75% (19.3w to 4.7w)
 Supported on all disks
 Enable/disable at the RAID Group level
 RAID Group “spin up”
 Schedule using calendering function in ETERNUSmgr
– Support for Network Time Protocol (NTP) server
 On demand (typically about 1-2 minutes)
– external host access
– internal access as target of REC/EC operations
 If RAID group is activated, will return to ECO mode after period of no activity
 default = 30 minutes; set from 10-60 minutes
 If more than a set number incidences of ”on-demand spin-up” in 24 hours, then
ECO mode will be disabled for the remainder of the calendar day.
 default = 3; set from 1-5
 Copy operations
 OPC operations will not start if target inactive
 ECO mode disabled during all copy sessions
 Re-enabled for suspended EC/REC sessions
Fujitsu Computer Systems
Secure Information: A Growing Demand
Can you achieve cost effective Information Security that protects
information at rest without the cost of network disruptive appliances or
application performance overhead
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 Will you realize easy to manage encryption for information security
 Can you choose how to protect your information
Application Layer
Server
Protect data from
unauthorized access
Network Layer
In-band Appliance
Secure data movement
Storage System
Physical Layer
Protect data physical
information from
unauthorized drive removal
Fujitsu Computer Systems
Disk Data Encryption
Simple, cost effective information security
 Included in purchase price?
 Is key management required?
Without Disk Data Encryption
Chain of custody
Maintenance
Transport
User handling
required
Regulation
compliance
overhead
Data
destruction
Process
overhead
With Disk Data Encryption
Return failed drive
No cost, no impact, simplified management
Fujitsu Computer Systems
Disk Data Encryption Detail
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LUN level specification
Transparent to connected hosts
Algorithm
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One time array specific 128-bit encryption
key
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5% of available cache (max 520MB)
Capability to encrypt existing data
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Encrypted using internal master key (not
disclosed by Fujitsu)
Stored in compact flash modules (2 per CM)
and System Disks (mirrored pair per CM)
Encryption buffer area set at enablement
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Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
No revert to unencrypt state allowed
On power loss, ALL “dirty data” in cache
encrypted
LUN mobility operations maintain encryption
NOTE: Fujitsu can provide an erasure utility that
meets DoD specification 5220.22-M.
Fujitsu Computer Systems
Other Data Protection Products
Fujitsu Mag EraSURE® P2V
Fujitsu Mag EraSURE® P3M
- Commercial standards
- DoD standards
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Degaussers for fast and secure erasing of hard disk drives,
removable disks and backup tapes.
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Erases media by passing through a large magnetic field.
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Purges recorded information on the unit, including servo,
calibration data, and read/write heads.
Degausser Appliances
Fujitsu Computer Systems
Storage Standards Organizations
Storage Performance Council (SPC)
 Steering Committee Chairman – C. Wilson
Storage Network Industry Association
 Storage Management Initiative – Specifications (SMI-S) provider
Storage Network Industry Association - Japan
 Vice Chairman – H. Yoshida
 Technical Committee Chairman – S. Iwatani
Fibre Channel Industry Association ( www.fibrechannel.org )
ANSI INCITS T10 Technical Committee ( www.t10.org )
 SCSI Storage Interfaces
ANSI INCITS T11 Technical Committee ( www.t11.org )
 Device level Interfaces
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Standards Based Benchmarking
Storage Performance Council ( http://www.storageperformance.org/home )
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SPC Benchmark-1TM (SPC-1)
 Application representation
 OLTP system, Data Base system, Mail server
 Characteristics
 Multiple threaded workload
 Predominantly random I/O, some sequential
 Variety of blocksizes
 Mix of read and write activity
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SPC Benchmark-2TM (SPC-2)
 Application representation
 Large file processing (i.e. Scientific and Financial computing)
 Large DB queries (i.e. Data Mining and Business Intelligence)
 Video-on-demand
 Characteristics
 Large-scale sequential data movement
 Multiple concurrent threads
Fujitsu Computer Systems
SPC-1TM Performance
HDS
USP V
IBM
DS8300 Turbo
ETERNUS8000
Model 1100
200,246
123,033
115,090
ETERNUS6000
Model 1100
IBM
DS8300
101,101
ETERNUS4000
Model 500
60,004
IBM
DS4800
ETERNUS3000
Model 700
NetApp
FAS3040
EMC CLARiiON
CX3 Model 40
108,745
Enterprise Storage
45,015
41,202
30,986
Mid-range Storage
24,998
50,000
SPC-1 results as of Jan. 30, 2008.
100,000
150,000
SPC-1/IOPs
200,000
250,000
300,000
Fujitsu Computer Systems
SPC-2TM Performance
ETERNUS8000
Model 1100
3,481
IBM
DS8300
3,217
ETERNUS6000
Model 1100
2,129
ETERNUS4000
Model 500
HP StorageWorks
8000 EVA
Sun StorEdge
3510 FC
Enterprise Storage
1,985
1,050
Mid-range Storage
343
2,000
4,000
6,000
Megabytes per Second (MB/s)
SPC-2 results as of Jan. 30, 2008.
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Host Connectivity Trends
 Direct Attached Storage (DAS)
 Storage Area Network (SAN)
 Fibre Channel (FC)
– 4Gbps (current)
– 8Gbps (future)
 Network (Ethernet)
 iSCSI
– 1Gbps (current)
– 10Gbps (future)
 Network Attached Storage (NAS)
 Other
 Serial Attached SCSI (SAS)
– 3Gbps (current)
– Economical (found in entry level solutions)
• FC cable support longer distances than SAS connection
cable.
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Disaster Recovery for Business Continuity
 Data Backup and Recovery
 Mirroring
 Remote vs. Local
 TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) / ROI (Return On Investment)
 Economical
 Performance
 Security
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Remote Replication over iSCSI
iSCSI based remote replication for economical mobility
• Performance optimization
• Data encryption
Rapid backup and restore times
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Disk-disk backup and recovery
Disaster Recovery
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Protect data and applications from
disruptions
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Minimize data loss
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Rapid recovery
Affordable Data Migration
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Migrate data across storage systems
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Centralize data for backup operations
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Problems When using Ethernet (TCP)
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Throughput is gated by TCP Window Size
Throughput
(Mbps)
TCP
Window
Size = 16KB
TCP
Window
Size = 64KB
TCP Window
Size 16KB is the
standard for
Windows XP
26
20
TCP Window
Size 64KB is the
Maximum for TCP
15
Standard Window Size
(16KB) cannot fully
utilize 10Mbps line on
300 miles distance
10
6.6
3.7
1 ms
(LAN)
20 ms
(WAN, 300 mile)
35 ms
Round Trip Time
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What is Gating the Throughput Performance
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Sender has to keep the data in its buffer until it receives ACK from recipient for
retransmission request
At the time the sender has filled up its buffer, it has to wait until ACK comes back
before it can send the next data
If the buffer size is 16KB, and the distance is 300 miles (RTT = 20ms), then sender
spends approx. 1.3ms to send 16KB of data and wait for approx. 19ms until ACK
arrives
Send 16KB
approx. 1.3ms
Receive 16KB
approx. 1.3ms
at 100Mpbs
Wait ACK
(approx. 19ms)
Round Trip Time = 20 ms
Sender
Receiver
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How to Accelerate
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Use WAN Accelerator between storage system and WAN
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WAN Accelerator acts as a speed matching buffer
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WAN Accelerator immediately sends ACK back, so from storage system, it is same
as communicating over LAN (short delay)
Sender
WAN
Accelerator
WAN
Accelerator
Receiver
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iSCSI with and without WAN Accelerator
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iSCSI without WAN Accelerator (low throughput)
iSCSI
Remote
Port
Network
Router
Network
Router
iSCSI
Remote
Port
Storage
System
Storage
System
Ethernet
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iSCSI with WAN Accelerator (high throughput)
WAN
Network
Accelerator Router
Network
Router
WAN
Accelerator
Storage
System
Storage
System
iSCSI
Remote
Port
Ethernet
iSCSI
Remote
Port
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Remote Replication over iSCSI
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Enterprise-grade DR for Mid-range Budget
High ROI value that brings data mobility to mid-range customers and excellent value to
enterprise customers
Solution Comparison
ETERNUS FC-RA
XYZ FC-IP
ETERNUS iSCSI-RA Solution
Storage HW
$100,000
$100,000
$100,000
Mirroring SW
$17,100
$24,200
$17,100
SW Maintenance
$3,000
$4,000
$3,000
Total Replication Software
$20,100
$28,200
$20,100
FC-TCP/IP conversion
$30,000
$30,000
$0
Encryption
$70,000
$70,000
$0
WAN Accelerator
$90,000
$90,000
$0
Remote Adapter
$0
$0
$12,000
Total WAN Opt.HW
$190,000
$190,000
$12,000
Total Cost
$310,100
$318,200
$132,100
Savings
$8,100
$0
$186,100
* Does not include dual
path replication for
high availability
Storage
Storage
FC-WAN
Encryption
WAN
Accelerator
WAN
Accelerator
Encryption
FC-WAN
Houston-Chicago
$18,000/month (OC3)
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