Transcript The Crusades - Kingsley Area Schools

The Crusades
Essential Questions
1. How did the Eastern Roman Empire become
the Byzantine Empire?
2. What were the purposes of the crusades?
3. What were the results of the crusades?
How the fight over Jerusalem began…
From Eastern Roman Empire to Byzantine
Empire
Eastern Roman Empire
A. All that was left of original Roman Empire.
B. Center was coastal city of Constantinople.
C. Emperor Justinian expanded Eastern
Roman empire to include its old
Mediterranean lands.
From Eastern Roman Empire to Byzantine
Empire cont….
New problems for a bigger empire
A. They are unable to protect new lands in Italy.
i. No money, population decline
B. Islam biggest threat. Religion that united Arab
groups.
From Eastern Roman Empire to Byzantine
Empire cont….
D. Eastern Roman
empire lost several areas
to other groups.
Jerusalem is one. Also a
sacred land to Muslims.
E. Left with much
smaller empire know as
the Byzantine empire.
The Crusades: Background
What: Four battles that occurred between 11th-13th century.
Why: Started with problems in the Byzantine Empire
A. Byzantine empire deeply religious
B. Emperor and Pope thought it was their duty to preserve
the Christian faith.
C. When the Turks (Muslims) attack, emperor asks
Europe for help.
Goal: European Christians carry out military
expeditions to regain holy land from (infidels)
Muslims.
Read pages 325-326 and write
down one reason for each listed
group on your notes to join the
crusades.
Rational of Crusades
Church: Gain strength
A. Pope Urban sees chance for church to lead the land, not
government.
B. Urban believes they have a sacred mission to show way to
salvation.
C. Pope gives speech to knights that death fighting in crusades
would guarantee forgiveness of sins and place in heaven.
Lords and Knights
A. Reason to stop fighting each other.
B. Gain salvation
C. Adventure and chance to fight others.
D. Gain territory, riches, and title.
Italian merchants: Establish new trading partners.
Crusades from Christian Point of View
1.
First Crusade:
A. Several thousand fighters took back Jerusalem in a
bloody battle.
B. Muslims eventually start to fight back.
2.
Second Crusade:
A. Failure. Saladin and Muslims take back Holy City of
Jerusalem.
3.
Third Crusade:
A. Included King Richard, German and French leaders.
German Emperor drowns in river. Christian and Muslims
at a draw. Deal reached for Christian’s safe pilgrimage.
Crusades
4. Fourth Crusade:
A. After Saladin’s death. Venetian Crusaders sack
Constantinople instead, competing port.
5. Children’s Crusade:
A. Thousands of Germans go to Italy and get sent
home by the Pope.
B. Twenty thousand French kids try. Two boat
loads drown in storm on way to Holy City. Five
other boatloads taken to Africa and sold as slaves.
Results of Crusades
1. Benefited Italian port cities that have new trade
routes with Europe.
2. Jews persecuted everywhere.
3. Broke down Feudalism system
A. Nobles sold land and freed serfs to fight in the
war.
4. Even stronger central governments in Spain,
England, France, and Portugal with lord’s land and
power depleted.