Transcript 81af16e0618e3cf

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NET 101
Computer Terminologies
Nada M AlGhamdi
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Course References
1) Eric Glendinning and John McEwan, "Oxford English for
Information Technology", Oxford University Press,
Student's Book, 2006
(Main reference)
2) Eric Glendinning and John McEwan, "Basic English for
Computing", Oxford University Press, Student's Book
(Optional reference)
3) "Oxford Dictionary of Computing for Learners of
English", Oxford University Press, Latest edition.
4) Some related websites.
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Course Topics
Week
#
Chapter #
Week
#
Chapter #
2
12 - The Internet
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18 - Data Security 1
3
13 - The WWW
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19 - Data Security 2
4
14 - Websites
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20 - Interview: The ex-hacker
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15 - Webpage Creator
12
21 - Software Engineering
6
16 - Communications Systems
13
22 - People in Computing
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17 - Computing Support
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File Structures and Databases
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General Notes
Homework's:
• There will be a homework at the end of each unit.
• No late submissions AT ALL !!
• Copying from another student will result in a ZERO
mark for both students.
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General Notes
Exams and quizzes:
• Exams will cover materials from the textbook, as well as material
presented in the class.
• Students who are absent on a quiz day will not be allowed to make up
the quiz.
• Students who are absent on Midterm exam day due to illness are
required to bring a signed medical excuse letter.
• It is the student’s responsibility to contact the instructor if the midterm
exam was missed within one (1) day following the scheduled exam
date.
• The questions on makeup exams may differ from those on the exam
given on time.
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Unit 12
The Internet
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Introduction
Introduction
The Internet (commonly called the Net) is a global
system of interconnected computer networks that use
the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve
billions of users worldwide.
Internet Services
Different services are made available on the Internet
including:
1. Email (electronic mail): for sending and receiving
messages.
2. Usenet (User Network) : an internet service
that allows users to communicate by means of
newsgroups.
Groups of users who send and read
messages on a particular topic.
Internet Services
3. IRC (Internet relay chat):
Chatting to other users using text messages in real-time
(immediately, while users are logged on to the system)
4. FTP (file transfer protocol):
Copying files between computers on a network.
• Downloading
Copying files from a server
computer to a client computer
• Uploading
Copying files from a client computer to
a server computer
Internet Services
5.Telnet ( Teletype Network ):
Logging on to your local server across a network
communications system at a distance e.g. from
another country.
Connecting to a network system account,
normally using a password
6. MOOs (Multi-user domain that is Object-Oriented):
▫ MOOs are network accessible, multi-user, programmable ,
interactive systems well-suited to the construction of textbased adventure games, conferencing systems, and other
collaborative software.
▫ Is a text-based online virtual reality system to which multiple
users (players) are connected at the same time.
▫ Taking part in simulations in a shared environment. Each
person assumes a person and communicates using text
messages.
7.WWW (the World Wide Web):
▫ Commonly referred to as the Web.
▫ Contains interlinked documents called webpages.
▫ A website is a set of related webpages stored
together on a server computer.
▫ Browsing means moving from one webpage to
another.
8. Social Networks:
▫ A social network service is an online service, platform, or site that
focuses on building and reflecting of social networks or social
relations among people, e.g., who share interests and/or activities.
E.g. Facebook, MySpace and Twitter,
▫ A social network service essentially consists of a representation of
each user (often a profile), his/her social links, and a variety of
additional services.
▫ Social network services make it possible to connect people who
share interests and activities across political, economic, and
geographic borders.
Social Networks
▫ Facebook
launched in 2004, has since become the largest
social networking site in the world.
▫ Twitter
set the trend for "real time" services, where users
can broadcast to the world what they are doing, or what is on
their minds within a 140 character limit.
Computer-mediated communication (CMC)
Computer-mediated communication (CMC)
• A term used to describe systems that allow users to
communicate using a computer network.
Asynchronous
Participants are not online at the same time and
there are delays between
messages.
Synchronous
Participants are on-line at the
same time. There may be a few
seconds
delay
but
the
communication is closer to
face-to-face interaction.
Computer-mediated communication (CMC)
• Examples of asynchronous communication:
▫
▫
▫
▫
Mobile phone text messages.
Emails.
Bulletin boards.
newsgroups/discussion lists.
• Examples of synchronous communication:
• Chat rooms.
▫ MOOs.
▫ Audio and videoconferencing.
Computer-mediated communication (CMC)
• Videoconferencing:
a form of communication over a network that uses
video cameras so that the people taking part can see
and hear each other.
Video conferencing
Computer-mediated communication (CMC)
• With the exception of videoconferencing, there is
no way to show facial expressions and emotions in
text-based CMC systems.
• To compensate, users have developed a number of
strategies including:
▫
▫
▫
▫
Abbreviations and acronyms. E.g. LOL, BRB.
Simplified syntax. E.g. C U L8R.
Symbols and exclamation marks. E.g Yeeeees!!
Emoticons: symbols indicating emotions. E.g. :-(
Emoticons
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
• Most users connect to the internet using a modem.
• Modem (modulator-demodulator) is an electronic device
that converts signals to enable a computer to be connected
to an ordinary telephone line thru a server and a router
owned by an ISP (Internet service provider).
• ISP is a company that offers its customers access to the
Internet.
• ISPs employ a range of data transmission technologies to
enable customers to connect to the internet, such as dial-up,
DSL, cable modem, satellite Internet access, fiber to the home
(FTTH).
• ISP also provide help and support services to its customers.
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
To attract users to connect through their system,
ISPs offer various options including:
1. Unlimited number of email addresses with filtering of email
to remove Junk email (unwanted email normally
advertising or trying to sell something).
2.
Web-based mail allows users to access their email form
any computer with Internet access.
3. POP3 email requires a special email program. It is faster
and more efficient.
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
4. Unlimited Web space for setting up your own website and
viruses checking facilities for checking your computer files to
detect programs written with the purpose of causing damage
or causing a computer to behave in an unusual way.
Web space
Website
file storage space for storing webpage files
a set of related pages stored on a server on
the world wide web.
ISP
Internet Service Provider
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Starter
1
Starter 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
D
G
B
C
F
A
e
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Reading
2
Reading 2
Extract
A
Type of CMC
MOO
Number of participants
5
Topics
- Virtual Reality game,.
- Navigation within the MOO
Synchronous or asynchronous
Synchronous
Special features of this CMC type
- Emoticons
- Characters can express
themselves by words, informal
punctuations.
Reading 2
Extract
B
Type of CMC
Web chat (forum , or bulletin board)
Number of participants
3
Topics
Movies
Synchronous or asynchronous
Asynchronous
Special features of this CMC type
- Very informal.
-Some use of abbreviations, e.g. lol
-No opening or closing phrases.
Reading 2
Extract
C
Type of CMC
Newsgroup.
Number of participants
Message is addressed to all group
members.
Topics
Top ten albums.
Synchronous or asynchronous
Asynchronous
Special features of this CMC type
- informal.
-No opening or closing phrases
although this one is signed.
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Language Work
Language Work: Warnings
Warnings are used to:
• Ensure safety.
• Prevent damage to equipment and breaches of security.
• Ensure the law is not broken.
Language Work: Warnings
-1- The simplest warning are basic instructions
NOT to do something:
1. Don’t do X
2. Never do X
3. Avoid Xing
4. No Xing
For example:
1- Never give out your home address or phone number.
2- Avoid turning off main power while computer is running.
3- No smoking, eating or drinking at the computer lab.
Language Work: Warnings
-2- Sometime the warning is twinned with matching
good practice:
1. Always do Y; never do X.
2. Do Y rather than doing X.
For example:
1- Use an IC extraction tool rather than a screwdriver.
Language Work: Warnings
-3- Warning may be made stronger by using :
1. must/must not
2. should/ should not.
For example:
1- You must not drink coffee in this lab. If you spill it you
may damage the keyboard.
Language Work: Warnings
-4- If there is any reason to fear the warning may not
be understood, a reason for the warning may be
added.
For example:
1- Never remove ICs with a screwdriver. The pins are
very fragile.
Language Work: Warnings
Where might you see these warning ?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Advice for using IRC.
Chassis of computer (Computer case).
Computer handbook. (Computer Manual).
Data protection Act.
Computer lab notice.
Technician’s handbook.
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Language Work
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1. Avoid giving open access to PCs because you may get
viruses.
2. Never use your own programs on these machines. You
may introduce viruses.
3. You must not drink coffee in this lab. If you spill it you may
damage the keyboard.
4. Don’t give financial information in a chat rom. Some one
may try to cheat you.
5. Always keep your password a secret. Someone may hack
in to your system.
6. Use up to date antivirus software. New viruses appear all
the time.
7. Always wait until a computer has reached normal
room temperature before using it or you may
damage the hard disk.
8. Never remove cards from their anti-static packing
until required. Otherwise you may damage them.
9. Use an IC extraction tool rather than a screwdriver.
The pins are fragile.
10. You must not work on a computer with the power
on because you may be electrocuted.
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Specialist Reading
Specialist Reading – Part A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Line 9
Line 12
Line 13
One
Line 28
Line 35
Line 45
Line 52
HOMEWORK
Specialist Reading – Part B