Transcript CMC+SEM2+1516 [Recovered]

COMPUTER
MEDIATED
COMMUNICATION
Definition
•CMC
is “communication that takes place between human
beings via the instrumentality of computers” (Herring, 1:1996).
•The
use of computer systems and network for the transfer,
storage, and retrieval of information among humans.
(Collentine & Collentine,1997)
•CMC-
any communicative transaction that occurs through the
use of two or more networked computers.
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Traditionally referred to those communications
that occur via computer-mediated formats
(eg: instant messages, email, chatrooms, and
text messaging ).
Now – include video conferencing – such as
Skypes, All authoring software modes such as
Blogs and all forms of social network sites (SNS)
such as FB.
Other definitions
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The difference basically lies in the scope that it covers.
Hiltz and Turoff (1978)-coined the term ‘computer
conferencing ‘ as that was what they were researching
on at that time.
Their book, The Network Nation: Human communication via
computer, becomes an early classic in the field of CMC
research.
Many other later researchers, however, use it to apply
to a wider scope of communication activities to include
e-mail, Internet Relay Chat (IRC), bulletin boards, and
World Wide Web
Two forms of CMC
Synchronous
-real time, instantaneous communication
eg. real time Chatting (IRC), Video
Conferencing
 Asynchronous
- non-real time communication
eg. E-mail, Bulletin Board
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The Main Technologies Include:
Email - the most popular Internet tool, used to exchange messages between
individuals
Mailing lists - which use email to enable communication among groups of people.
Individuals send emails to the list email address and receive a copy of all emails sent
to that address
Usenet newsgroup - a separate Internet system which allows users to read and
contribute to global special-interest 'newsgroups'; the number of newsgroup topics is
vast, and subjects range from the very dry to the totally bizarre
Computer conferencing - (sometimes also known as 'discussion boards' or more
accurately 'threaded discussion lists') which enables groups of people to hold
discussions by reading and posting text messages on a computer system. The
advantages over mailing lists are that the messages are archived and the structure of
the discussion is also recorded. Computer conferencing is widely used to support
learning, and within the educational context is generally what people mean when they
talk about 'CMC'
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Internet Relay Chat (IRC) - an Internet system which allows users to chat
'live' (in real time) using text or audio Internet telephony, a way of using the
Internet as an alternative to the main telephone network; currently in its
teething phase, though exciting in that it has the potential to reduce the cost
of calling long-distance to that of a local call
Videoconferencing - a means by which small groups of geographically
distant people can hold discussions in real time, during which they are able to
hear and see each other and share various other types of data.
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Hybrid systems - systems such as WebBoard combine threaded discussion
lists, IRC and email lists allowing users to switch easily between the two
depending on the nature of the discussion. See also Yahoo Groups which is a
free online service allowing you to set up a Web based email discussion list
with optional forwarding to and replies from your normal email account. It
also offers a facility to share documents and images.
SYNCHRONOUS MODE OF CMC
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It is real time communication.
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IRC is an example of this mode of communication.
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The participants communicate in the same session.
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Exchanges are rapid
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Language used resembles more of spoken conversation.
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The synchronous mode of CMC is indeed a combination of
written and oral styles of communication
(Bordia, 1996; Warchauer,1997, Warchauer & Kern,2000; Sotillo, 2000,
Rozina A. Ghani & Nuraihan Mat Daud, 2003, ).
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As it is not face-to-face it is not entirely spoken but
neither it is strictly written as the composition is done
online
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Planning and editing strategies often employed in
writing are ruled out.
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The use of ‘smiley,’ ‘cryptic language’ and ‘emotes’
characterizes the register of this mode of
communication.
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‘Smiley’ or ‘emoticons’ are symbols which need to be
turned clockwise at a 90 degrees angle to see what they
mean.
EMOTICONS
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: -)
Smile
:-O
Surprised
:O
Shocked
o : -)
Angelic
>: - (
Angry
:()
Cannot stop talking
:
Crying
:- )
Crying with joy
:-(
Crying sadly
:(Frown
:-#
Sealed lips
^
Thumbs up
: -&
Tongue-tied
:-\
Undecided
; -) Wink
1–O
Yawning
:-@
Screaming
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‘Emoticons’ used to show writer’s
emotions or motives
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They make up for the absence of factors
such as facial expression, eye-contact and
body language.
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‘Cryptic language’ are acronyms which
have different denotations when different
cases are used.
Examples of cryptic language
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Shouting/ Yelling tones
ASAP
Possible
BBL
BBN
BBS
BRB
BTW
BWL
Laughter
C&G
GTG
LOL
Calm Tones
asap
Meaning
As Soon As
bbl
bbn
bbs
brb
btw
bwl
Be Back Later
Bye Bye Now
Be Back Soon
Be Right Back
By The Way
Bursting With
c&g
gtg
lol
Chuckle and Grin
Got To Go
Laughing out loud
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‘Emotes’ are verbal descriptions of actions that
users wish to convey. This is done by putting the
verb in between two asterisks such as *wink* .
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hehehe…”dig” the soil powerful uld brad
*climb* and *seize* his
post…..muahahha
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Emoji
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e·mo·ji
ēˈmōjē/
noun
a small digital image or icon used to express an
idea, emotion, etc., in electronic communication.
"emoji liven up your text messages with tiny
smiley faces"
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http://emojipedia.org/
Most Popular
🤷 Shrug
😂 Face With Tears of Joy
😍 Smiling Face With Heart-Shaped Eyes
❤ Heavy Black Heart
🤷 Reversed Hand With Middle Finger Extended
😏 Smirking Face
😘 Face Throwing a Kiss
😊 Smiling Face With Smiling Eyes
ASYNCHRONOUS MODE OF CMC
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Non-real time, non-instantaneous.
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The message is read and responded to at a later point in time.
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The participants do not have to be on-line at the same time.
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Email , bulletin boards, Blogs and SNS are examples of
asynchronous modes of CMC
Graded Assignment 2
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Part 1
Choose ONE mode of CMC
(E-mail, IRC such as Yahoo Messager, Bulletin Board,
Video Conferencing such as SKYPE, SNS such as FB,
BLOG, or Text Messaging Application such as whatsapp,
telegram, wechat, viber, etc.
Select a corpus for analysis
Length of corpus ( about 1000 words)
Approximately – 3 (font 12) typed pages
Cont
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Select a framework for analysis –
eg. Hallidayan’ Functional Analysis- Process
types, MOOD Types, Gricean Maxims,
Politeness Strategies, Speech Acts, etc.
Framework must align with the purpose of study
Analyze the corpus
Summarize the findings
Discuss the summary of findings
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Part 2.
Prepare a literature review of the selected mode of CMC in
Part 1
Empirical research – 3 studies ( 2007 – 2016)
Include in the literature review
1. Title of research, author, journal of publication
2. POS, SOP, RQs, Significance of study,
3. Methodology – Ql or Qt, Sampling or corpus, Duration,
Procedure, etc
4. Findings
(ALL POINT FORM)
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Part 3
Write a research paper – must include
Intro ( POS, RQs)
Lit. Review ( taken from Part 2)
Methodology – sampling or corpus/ Qt or
Ql/discourse analysis/ content analysis /textual
analysis/ linguistic analysis
Findings
Discussion.
FORMAT OF PAPER
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Font 12, double spaced
Paper
Bibliography / References
Appendix1) the raw data,
2) analysed data
3) summary of the analysis
4) description of framework for ana,ysis
Post on Blog.
Due date : 3 weeks
All the best : )
Reading 1 - CMC
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Linguistic Innovations and Interactional
Features of Casual Online Communication
in Japanese
Yukiko Nishimura
Toyo Gakuen University, Chiba, Japan
http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol9/issue1/index.html
Reading 2 - CMC
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Interactional Features of Synchronous
Computer-Mediated Communication in the
Intermediate L2 Class: A Sociocultural Case
Study
Mark Darhower
University of Puerto Rico at Humacao
https://calico.org/memberBrowse.php?action=i
ssue&id=68
Reading 3Asynchronous CMC
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Student Perceptions of Asynchronous Computer-Mediated
Communication in Face-to-Face Courses
Yun-Jo An
Theodore Frick
Department of Instructional Systems Technology
School of Education
Indiana University Bloomington
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http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol11/issue2/an.html