The Crusades
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Transcript The Crusades
Chapter 14
Section 1
Crusades
Holy Land
Pope Urban II
Saladin
Richard the Lion Hearted
Crusades- series of
religious wars
Holy Land- Jerusalem
and the land around it
Jews their temple was
there
Christians- it was the
birth place of Jesus
Christ would only return
if Christians controlled
Jerusalem
1000’s Muslims control
the Holy Land (Fatimids)
Turkish Muslims
conquests in Europe
Stories of persecuting
Christians
Turks attacked Byzantine
Empire
1071 Turks destroy most
of Byzantine army
Emperor of
Constantinople requests
help with Turks
Pope Urban calls church
leaders together at
Claremont France
Called for Christian
knights and nobles to
come together to fight
the Turks
Slogan “God wills it”
1096 two groups
First group made up of
peasants
Unskilled warriors did
not do well
Some crusaders attacked
non Christians
Slaughtered entire
Jewish communities
Peasant quickly beaten at
Jerusalem by the Turks
Second group was
knights
Unprepared for
hardship
Lack of food and water
Some knights looted
towns
Took 3 years to reach
Jerusalem
Laid siege to many cities
Siege of Jerusalem
victory for Crusaders
Disaster for city’s
inhabitants
Crusaders created four
states
Christian strongholds
Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli,
Jerusalem
1144 Turks capture
Edessa
European leaders call for
second crusade
King Louis VII and
Eleanor Aquitaine were
crusaders
Took no lands forced to
return empty handed
30 years after the second
Saladin-overthrew the
Fatimids and controlled
the Muslims took the
title of Sultan
Saladin wanted to take
back Crusader states
Drove Christians out of
Jerusalem
Richard the Lion
Hearted of England
fought in the Holy War
Salidin and Richard
respected each other
Saladin offered a doctor
when Richard was sick
Proposals of peace
Richard sister to marry
Salidin’s brother
Richard won several
battles against the
Muslims
Could not take the Holy
Land
Battle was a draw
1202 Fourth Crusade
Could not afford for
Venetians to take them
to Holy Land
Attacked Zara instead
Pope excommunicated
all the Crusaders
Attacked Constantinople
Sacked the city and
named one of its leaders
emperor
Fourth Crusade fails
Five more Crusades
follow
All unsuccessful
1291 Muslims drive the
Christians out of the
Holy Land
Economic changes
Enhanced existing trade
Kings had more power
Social changes
Spices, textiles, and
Brought knowledge of
good brought to Europe
Changed economy of
the middle Ages
Muslim culture back
Respect for other
cultures
Non—Christians viewed
as enemies
Persecution of Jews all
over Europe
Political changes
Death of knight and
nobles
Kings took control of
their lands