Transcript Network

บทที่ 9
การเชื่อมประสานระบบเครื อข่ายท้องถิ่น
(Local Area Network: Internetworking)
อ. ณรงค์ฤทธิ์ มณี จิระปราการ
ภาควิชาพาณิ ชยศาสตร์
มหาวิทยาลัยนเรศวร
วัตถุประสงค์ (Objective)
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อธิบายขั้นตอนการติดตั้งระบบเครื อข่ ายท้ องถิ่นแบบไม่ มเี ครื่ อง
แม่ ข่าย( Peer to Peer, Workgroup) ได้
้
้ั
 อธิบายขันตอนการติ
ดตงระบบเครื
อข่าย
ท้ องถิ่นแบบมีเครื่ องแม่ ข่าย( Server Dedicate) ได้
 อธิบายความหมายแตกต่างของโปรแกรม
ระบบปฏิบัตกิ ารเครื อข่ าย (Network Operating System:NOS)ที่
ใช้ ในปัจจุบันได้
อธิบายหน้ าที่หลักของโปรแกรมระบบปฏิบัตกิ ารเครื อข่ าย
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การติดตั้งเครื่ อง PC เป็ นระบบ
เครื อข่ ายท้ องถิน่ แบบ Peer-Peer
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Setting Up a Client PC for Windows

Physically install a NIC

Set Up Microsoft Networking

Adapter (installed with NIC)

Protocol

Client
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Install NIC

Physically open systems unit

Main printed circuit board is the mother board

Has slots for expansion boards

Press NIC expansion board into slot, use screw
NIC
to hold in place
Mother Board
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Slot
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Figure 7-23
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Install NIC

Types of Slots

ISA for up lower speeds
NIC
Mother Board

PCI for higher speeds

NIC must be compatible with slot
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Slot
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Install NIC
Boot system after installation
 Windows should recognize the new NIC
 Setup will be fairly automatic, although you may
be asked to provide a disk that came with the
NIC
 Some NICs have their own setup disks and
should bypass automatic Windows setup. Check
the NIC documentation

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Client PC Setup for Windows
Set Up Microsoft Networking
 In Windows 95 and Windows 98,

Go to the Start Button
 Choose Settings
 Choose Control Panel
 Double click the Network icon
 This opens the Network Dialog Box

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Client PC Setup for Windows

Be sure the Configuration tab is selected in the Network Dialog
Box

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You will see adapters, protocols, clients, and services that have
already been added
Operations

Add: To add an adapter, protocol, client, or service

Remove: To remove one

Properties: To see or change the properties of the selected adapter,
protocol, client, or service
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Client PC Setup for Microsoft Windows

Adding a Protocol

In the Network Dialog Box, clicking the “Add”
button takes you to the Select Network
Component Type dialog box
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Choose Protocol, then hit Add

You then go to the Select Network Protocol
dialog box

Choose the Manufacturer and Protocol your
server requires
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Client PC Setup for Microsoft Windows

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Configuring a Protocol

In the Network Dialog Box, click on the protocol
you installed

Click the Properties button takes you to the
properties dialog box for that protocol
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Set up the properties
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Bind the protocol to your client and adapter
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Client PC Setup for Microsoft Windows

Client

In the Network Dialog Box, clicking the “Add”
button takes you to the Select Network
Component Type dialog box

Choose Client, then hit Add

You then go to the Select Network Client dialog
box

Choose the manufacturer and client your server
requires
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Setting Up a Peer-to-Peer Network

For Each PC
Install the Client for Microsoft Networks
 This supports peer-peer networking


Implement Sharing
In the Network Dialog Box,
 Click the File and Print Sharing button
 Enable file and print sharing by clicking on the
appropriate boxes

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Setting Up a Peer-Peer Network

To Share a Specific Printer
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Choose Start, Settings, Printers
 Right click on icon for printer to be shared
 Choose Sharing in the pop-up menu
 Select Shared As in the Properties Dialog Box
and give the printer any name
 Give a password if desired
 Anyone can now use it if they have the password
or if you set no password

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Setting Up a Peer-Peer Network
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To share a disk or directory’s files
In Explorer or My Computer, right click on disk or
directory to be shared
 Select Sharing in the pop-up menu


In (name of item selected) Sharing Dialog Box

Click Shared As radio button
 Give shared name (how others will refer to it)
 Add a comment if desired
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Setting Up a Peer-Peer Network
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In (name of items selected) Sharing Dialog Box

Select an Access Type Radio Button
 Read-Only
 Anyone can read but cannot change
 Can give password
 Full (can do anything)
 Can do anything
 Can give password
 Depends on Password
 Can give different passwords for read-only, full
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Using a Shared Resource

Using a Shared printer
In application, choose Print
 Select printer as usual
 May need to give password


Using a Shared File or Directory
Choose Network Neighborhood
 Select the desired file or directory
 May need to give password

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Local Area Networks with Server
(Software and Support Systems)
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Component Of LAN
Client

OS

NIC

Protocol

client software
Server
Hub or
switch
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NOS

NIC

Protocol
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Introduction
Proper support of a local area network requires hardware,
software, and miscellaneous support devices.
A network operating system is the most important
software component.
Application programs are also required to support users
on a LAN.
Support devices such as hubs, switches, routers, servers,
modems, power supplies, and more are also necessary.
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Network Operating Systems
An operating system manages all applications and
resources in a computer.
A multitasking operating system supports the execution
of multiple processes at one time.
A network operating system is a large, complex program
that manages the resources common on most local area
networks.
Besides performing standard operating system
functions, a network operating system is called upon for
additional functions, such as …
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Network Operating Systems
Several popular network operating systems currently
exist:
• Novell NetWare versions 3, 4, 5 and 6
• Windows NT and 2000
• Unix
• Linux
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Novell NetWare
Version 3 - Popular but older version of Novell NetWare.
Is no longer supported by Novell (end of 2000). User logs
onto a particular server. Bindery maintains directory
system.
Version 4 - Unlike version 3 this version allows single
network login. Bindery replaced by powerful NDS
database.
Version 5 - Allows administrator to use IP protocol instead
of Novell’s proprietary IPX/SPX protocols.
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Novell NetWare Version 6
Any client anywhere on the Internet can print and use
storage services from a NetWare 6 server without
loading a single byte of Novell’s Client32 software
Powerful Internet printing services (iPrint) make printing
nearly idiot-proof (user clicks on graphical image of floor
plan showing printers; if user does not have a printer
driver, it is loaded automatically in background!)
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Novell NetWare Version 6
iFolder – Very effective background application powered
by Apache Web Server to “equalize” the documents in
each system’s My Documents folder with an identical set
on the server.
Volumes can hold 8 terabytes of data in up to 8 trillion files
and can keep 1 million files open concurrently.
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Novell NDS (NetWare Directory Services)
A database that maintains information on, and access to,
every resource on the network, including users, groups of
users, printers, data sets and servers.
Network administrator creates a hierarchical tree structure
that represents the layout of the organization.
Tree structure is composed of organizational units which
are composed of further objects, and leaf objects which
are not composed of further objects.
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Windows NT version 4
User interface based on popular Windows operating
system, but is NOT the same as Windows 98 or Windows
Me.
Full service multi-tasking operating system capable of
supporting multiple servers.
NT systems work very well with other Microsoft products.
Questionable if NT can support large systems.
Blue screen of death (BSOD) plagues NT systems.
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Windows NT version 4
Domain
Group of users, servers, and other resources that
share account and security information
May have from 1 to several hundred domains
depending on size of system
Every domain has one and only one primary
domain controller (PDC) (a server)
Centrally manages account information and security
Each domain should have at least one backup
domain controller (BDC) (a server)
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Windows NT version 4
Single domain model
Simplest Windows NT domain model
One domain that services every user and resource
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Windows NT version 4
Master domain model
Uses a single domain to exert control over user account
information
Separate resource domains manage resources such as
networked printers
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Windows NT version 4
Multiple master domain model
Uses two or more master domains that are joined in twoway trusts to manage many resource domains
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Windows 2000
Newest version of Windows NT network operating system.
Specific versions of 2000 designed to support wide variety
of system types:
Windows 2000 Professional - replaces NT Workstation
Windows 2000 Server - replaces Windows NT Server
Windows 2000 Advanced Server – supports up to 8
processors and 8GB RAM
Windows 2000 Datacenter Server - supports up to 32
processors and 64GB RAM
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Windows 2000
Biggest change from NT: Active Directory
The AD is the central repository for all objects that make
up the enterprise: domains, organizational units, users,
groups, computers, printers, etc.
Roughly based on X.500 spec, creates a hierarchical tree.
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Windows 2000
At the top of the hierarchical model is a single forest of
one or more trees, which must contain at least one (root)
domain, which must contain at least one organizational
unit (OU), and several other containers. (See next slide)
Recommended size limitation of 1 million objects per
domain, but lab tests have hit 10 million objects without
failure.
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Windows 2000
The domain has basically remained the same, but now
you can have parent and child domains.
The parent and all its child domains are defined as a
single domain tree, with multiple trees in the same AD as
forest.
Domains are named in accordance with the Internet’s
DNS standard RFCs 1034 and 1035.
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Windows 2000
For example, the root domain in a tree could be called
bigcompany.com
The marketing child domain could be
mktg.bigcompany.com, and the production child domain
could be prod.bigcompany.com
As in NT, you can create Trusts between parent and
child domains. Only with 2000 the trust can be
transitive.
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Windows 2000
Many still agree that Windows 2000 has a way to go to
catch up to NetWare with regards to simplicity of
administration.
Nonetheless, NetWare has dropped below 20% of the
market while Windows continues to climb (>50%).
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Unix
Older but very popular multitasking operating system
capable of supporting network operations.
First operating system written in the language C.
Very stable system capable of supporting large
operations.
Numerous versions available from different vendors.
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Linux
Operating system based on the principles of Unix.
Most versions available for free or a very small price.
Very stable multitasking system.
When incorporated with other free software products,
such as the Apache Web Server and Atipa’s BlueBird
network management software, this system becomes
extremely cost effective.
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Network Software: Utilities, Internet Software,
Programming Tools, and Applications
In order to support a network operating system, may also
need:
• Utilities
• Internet software
• Programming tools
• Applications
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Utilities
Five of the more common groups of network utility
software include:
• Anti-virus software
• Backup software
• Crash protection software
• Remote access software
• Uninstall software
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Internet Server Software
Software necessary to support the server side of
Internet connections.
Retrieves web pages and other documents when
asked to by a client workstation.
Can interface with a database program allowing
users to store and retrieve data via the Internet.
Necessary with commercial Internet applications.
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Programming Tools
Software environments that allow programmers
to create programs.
Includes software tools such as compilers and
interpreters.
Software also allows individuals to edit, debug
and test programs.
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Applications
Software programs that allow a user to perform
common computer-based functions:
• Database software
• Desktop publishing software
• Office suites, which integrate a collection of office
productivity tools
• Standalone spreadsheet, word processing, and
presentation software
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Software Licensing Agreements
Virtually every commercial software program comes
with a specific license agreement.
Most licensing agreements specify the following
conditions:
• Software installation and use
• Network installation
• Back-up copies
• Decompilation
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Software Licensing Agreements
Most licensing agreements also specify the following
conditions:
• Rental statement
• Upgrade availabilities
• Copyright restrictions
• Maintenance agreements
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Software Licensing Agreements
Most licensing agreements come in one of the following
forms:
• Single user single station license
• Single user multiple station license
• Interactive user license
• Network server license
• Site license
• Corporate license
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LAN Support Devices
Other devices necessary for the proper support of a LAN:
• Uninterruptable power supplies (UPS)
• Tape drives
• Printers
• Media converters
• Workstations (including thin client workstations)
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LAN Software In Action: A Small
Company Makes a Choice
Hannah asks the following questions:
What are the primary uses (applications) of the current
system?
Would the primary uses of the system change if a
particular NOS was installed?
How would the choice of a particular NOS affect
maintenance and support?
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LAN Software In Action: A Small
Company Makes a Choice
Are finances an issue in the selection of a NOS?
Does the existing system have any unusual hardware or
software that might influence the NOS choice?
Will the network be located in a single location or in
multiple locations?
Are there any political pressures to select a particular
NOS?
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