Transcript Understanding Internetworking Infrastructure

Understanding
Internetworking Infrastructure
Announcements
• Business Analysis Proposal due Tuesday next
week
• Business Plan explained today
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Business Plan Project
• The objective of this project is to put together a
business plan that sets out the strategic
direction for a company utilizing information
technology.
• The two primary objectives are:
– To make realistic projections of opportunities and
risks
– To present these in a compelling way that would
attract funding and support from the organization
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Options
• Option 1:
– Choose your own
• Option 2
– One-number dialing solution
• Option 3
– Campus transportation network
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Option 1: Your own startup idea
• Be creative, use this opportunity to explore an
idea you have
• Focus on document you would present to
venture capitalist
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Option 2: One-number voice
communication
• You have developed software to integrate all of the voice
connections in someone’s life
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home phone
work phone
mobile phone
online voice account
Other?
• Each user can set the system to recognize where you are, and
one integrated voicemail system consolidates messages in one
location.
• Business plan should include
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Product release strategy
Target market segments
Potential revenue and costs
Risks
Alternative potential fee structures, and which you anticipate would be
the most attractive
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Option 3: Campus Transportation
Management System
• You have been assigned by the director of operations for TAPS
on campus to run a more cost-effective, efficient bus service.
• You have developed a system where the current combination of
city buses and campus transport would be enhanced by
– Detailed forecasting of demand as well as
– Online response to fluctuations.
– (For example,
• this could involve a less structured timetable, and more back-up capacity.
• by installing cameras at each bus stop to monitor how many people are
waiting, the manager could send extra buses in response to high demand.
• Create a business plan of
– how a program like this could be released,
– including the technology requirements and costs.
– Pay attention to risks to the existing infrastructure including what
partnerships would need to be entered into.
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Business Plan should include
• Executive Summary
– Less than a page overview of the idea
• Customer Need and Business Opportunity
– An argument for the potential of the product or idea
• Business Strategy and Key Milestones
– Plan a timeline over about five years
• Marketing Plan
– Who is the intended customer?
– How will you convince them to adopt the product?
• Operations Plan
– What is needed to pull this off?
• Management and Key Personnel
– How many people
– How will the organization be structured, and what changes are needed?
– Give brief profiles of key individuals
• Financial Projections
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Estimates
• You are not expected to know exact numbers
for costs etc. but the estimates should be
realistic.
• Use charts and tables wherever appropriate.
Venture capitalists and CEO’s do not like to do
more work than they have to in evaluating.
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Due date(s)
• Project Due date: May 24
• Optional Early Draft: May 15 (for instructor
feedback)
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Today: Understanding Network
Infrastructure
• Module 2 of text
• ’75% of all IT dollars to go Infrastructure. Isn’t it
time you learned what it is?’
– IBM ad campaign
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Key trends
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More reliance on IT infrastructure
New services
Distributed Processing
New business models
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Challenges
• Poor IT decisions lead to
– Products with insufficient support
– Relying on outdated protocols/systems
• Technology / management divide
– Who makes decisions?
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Fig. 5.1 Moore’s Law
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1980’s
• PC released
• People moved jobs to computers
• No longer needed staff for computing/data
processing
• LANs allowed people to share files, printers etc.
• IT services provided over distributed servers
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1990’s
• Internet boom
• TCP/IP provided robust standard for messages
between all computers on web
• Network resources available to individuals
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Fig 5.2 Evolution of Corporate IT
Infrastructure
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Fig 5.3 Metcalfe’s Law
“The usefulness of a network increases with the
square of the number of users connected to the
network”
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Fig 5.4 Bandwidth Explosion
Growth faster than computer chips
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Components of Internetworking
Infrastructure
• Network
– Hardware/software that permit exchange of information
between processing units and organizations
• Processing Systems
– Hardware/software providing ability to handle business
transactions
• Facilities
– Physical systems that house and protect devices
• Trend: Increasing freedom to manage resources
• See table 5.1
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Table 5.1: Fundamental components of
internetworking infrastructure
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Networks
• Local Area Networks (LANs)
• Hubs, switches, wireless access points,
network adapters
• Wide Area networks (WANs)
• Routers
• Firewalls, Security Systems
• Caching, Content Acceleration
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Fig 5.5 LAN
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Fig 5.6 WAN
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Processing Systems
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Client Devices and Systems
Server Devices and Systems
Mainframe Devices and Systems
Middleware
Infrastructure Management Systems
Business Applications
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Fig 5.7 Servers in typical E-commerce
configuration
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Facilities
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Buildings, physical space
Network Conduits, connections
Power
Environmental Controls
Security
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Fig 5.8 Modern Data Center
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Questions, Break, Presentation
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Discussion
• How much does a typical manager understand
of computing networks?
• What educational opportunities are there?
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Operational Characteristics if
Internetworking
• Internetworking Technologies are Based on
Open Standards
• Internetworking Technologies operate
asynchronously
• Internetworking communications have inherent
latency
• Internetworking technologies are naturally
decentralized
• Internetworking technologies are scalable
• See tables 5.2, 5.3
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Table 5.2: Measuring Network
Bandwidth
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Table 5.3: Communication Technology,
Bandwidths and User Groups
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Business Implications
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Quicker communications leads to efficiency
More data leads to better-informed decisions
Progress of processes become transparent
Processes more efficient
Make and sell becomes sense and respond
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Threats
• Automation can lead to chain reaction,
cascading failures
• Outside attacks
• See table 5.4
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Table 5.4: Denial of Service Attacks
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New service models
• Physical location of computers less important
• Economies of scale for particular services
• New capabilities must be integrated into
existing systems
– Deal with legacy technology
• Reliability must improve
– See next case!
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Discussion: Outsourcing
• What about outsourcing of infrastructure?
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Case Thursday
• iPremier
• Made-up case of IT failure
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Office hours today
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