Transcript The Crusader States2

The Crusader States
And the Military Orders
The Modern Middle East
ME in 6th Century
The Strategic Setting
• A Bi-Polar World
• Two Major Powers
– Sassanian Persia
– Byzantine Empire
– World War for Ten Years
Mean Rainfall Determines All
The Hydraulic Theory
• Too little water
• Unevenly delivered in space and time.
• Drought drives waves of immigration.
• Such a drought drove Islamic expansion.
Muhammad
Allah
The Shahada
Early Expansion
Early Stability
• Equilibrium quickly reached.
• Christian pilgrimages permitted
• Holy Land in the hands of Egyptian
Fatimids in 11th Century.
Seljuk Turks Ended That
• Battle of Manzikert in 1071
• Byzantine Defeat
• Catastrophe for Christendom
• Emperor appealed to pope for help in spite
of schism.
Seljuq Turk Invasion
Onset of the Turks
Manzikert 1071
Seljuqs
Emperor Alexis Comnenus
Urban II Preaching the Crusade
Clermont
An Armed Pilgrimage
Muhammad’s Trip to Paradise
Crusader Routes
Alexius Comnenus
Anna Comnena
Godfrey, Bohemund and Tancred
Raymond of Toulouse
Christ Leading the Crusaders
Dorylaeum
The Siege of Jerusalem
1099
Jerusalem Besieged
1099
Godfrey and his men
at the Stone of Anointment
May God Forgive Me
Duke Godfrey of Bouillon
“Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre”
Royal Arms of Jerusalem
The Crusader States
The Holy Sepulchre
12th Century Knight
Near East 1135
Founder of Hospitallers
Hugh de Payens
Templars
After the Fight
An Aged Templar
Teutonic Knight
Teutonic Knight
Kerak of Moab
Belvoir Castle
Shawbak Castle
Krac des Chevaliers
The Moat at Krac des Chevaliers
Kerak Castle
Another View of Kerak
Baldwin’s Leper Mask
Baldwin the IV and William of Tyre
The King
Baldwin IV
Saladin
Sybilla, Queen of Jerusalem
Guy De Lusignan
Battle of Hattin
Defeat at Hattin
Defense of Jerusalem
1187
After Hattin
1190
The Military Orders
The 3rd Crusade
King Richard at Acre
A Modern Muslim
Image of Saladin
King Richard
The 13th Century
Emperor Manuel Comnenus
Crusade in Egypt
Defense of Acre
1292
The Defense of Rhodes
by the Hospitallers
Bodrum, St. Peter’s Castle
Muslim Distribution
ME Ethnicity
Knights in Prayer
In the Name of God…