Transcript service

Infocom Systems
Infokommunikációs rendszerek
10. előadás
Services -- Szolgáltatások
Takács György
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• Előadás helye november 30-án 9.15
134. terem
Lecture in 30th of November (9:15)
in room 134.
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Javasolt vizsgaidőpontok
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dec. 16. szerda 10:00
dec. 16. szerda 13:00
jan. 6. szerda 10:00
jan. 6. szerda 13:00
jan. 13. szerda 10:00
jan. 13. szerda 13:00
jan. 27. szerda 10:00
jan. 27. szerda 13:00
• alkalmanként max. 8 fő
• szóbeli vizsga, angol nyelven
• 408. szoba
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Alapigazságok az
infokommunikációban
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Eddig hálózatokról tanultunk
Csak szolgáltatást lehet eladni (hálózatot nem)!
Hálózat nélkül nincs elektronikus kommunikációs szolgáltatás!
A hálózatépítés és üzemeltetés minden költségét a fogyasztók
fizetik meg a szolgáltatás árában!
• Nagyon sokat költünk – önként – elektronikus kommunikációs
szolgáltatásokra (többet, mint élelmiszerre és italra)!
• A mérnök-informatikus olyan az elektronikus kommunikációs
szolgáltatásokban, mint a nyomdász a könyvszakmában (nem ő írja
a regényt, a verset, nem ő rajzolja a képeket….. ). A mérnökinformatikus felel a hatékony, pontos, hiteles információ átvitelért,
szolgáltatásért!
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Basic statements in
infocommunication systems
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We have discussed networks
Only services can be sold (networks are not on the market)
No networks = no services
Al the costs of network construction and operation are covered by
the users of services.
• Modern people pay big money for electronic communication
services (more than for food and drinks!)
• The infocommunication engineers play similar roles in electronic
communication like typographers in book publishing. (The text is not
written by typographers, the pictures are not painted by
typographers…..) The infocommunication engineers are responsible
for exact and efficient information transmission and presentation and
for such services!
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Value chain in
infocommunications
Content
Content and
service
packaging
Distribution
Presentation/
gateway
End-user
devices
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Shift in the value chain
Telecom
operators
Component
Suppliers
End-users
of telecom
services
Telecom
(Infocom)
Suppliers
New competitors
(EDS, IBM, etc.)
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The detailed electronic communication
value chain
Content
Content and
service
packaging
Distribution
Presentation/
gateway
End-user
devices
Services and
applications
Systems and
platforms
Components and
subsystems
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Roles in service provision I.
Electronic communication activity: transmission of
messages in the form of electronic signals.
• Messages: speech, voice, music, text, picture, video, data file,
multimedia file etc.
• Distance issues????
• Is a simple telephone call within a building an electronic
communication activity?
• Is the receiving of the radio signals from a far-far star an
electronic communication activity?
• Is the opening the garage door by a radio controller an
electronic communication activity?
• Is the leasing of a dark fibre an electronic communication
activity?
Electronic communication service: activity for other
entity for fees (service, facility, feature).
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Roles in service provision II.
• Requirements concerning electronic communication
activity:
– content fidelity (depending on message type , speech <>
data, bandwidth <> bit error rate)
– acceptable delay (depending on message type, isochronous
services are sensitive on delay and jitter)
• Requirements concerning electronic communication
services:
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services for real demand of users,
affordable price (Iridium, 3DTV!!),
high penetration (be attractive for many users),
user friendly services (easy to use, react quickly),
continuous availability.
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Roles in service provision III.
• Traditional players in the electronic communication
services:
– network operators,
– service providers,
– Operator partners (e.g.. Access providers, collocation
providers),
– Wholesale and retail partners,
– End users, subscribers, who pay all the bills for the value
chain
• Other players in electronic communication services :
– Content providers,
– Content and service packagers,
– Service and application brokers
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Roles in service provision IV.
Electronic communication service categories based on
user group:
– public services (available for anyone, based on uniform
service conditions, subscriber contracts),
– closed users group services (CUG), CENTREX, virtual
private network (VPN)
– Interconnection services and access services (services for
other service providers).
ATTENTION!!! The network issues are different!!!
The public network can support CUG and a
private network can be part of public cervices....
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Service structures
• Teleservices
I.
• Bearer services
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Service structures
• Teleservices
– Defined at user
interface
– Providing full
communication
between users,
– E.g. telephone service,
telefax service,
emergency calls, SMS
services…..
II.
• Bearer services
– Defined at network
interface
– Providing signal
transmission capabilities
between network access
points
– E.g. 64 kbit/s unrestricted,
structured circuit mode
bearer service, packet
mode bearer service
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Service structures
III.
• Teleservices from provider point of view:
– Basic services (mandatory service elements with
minimal quality requirements e.g. real time,
understandable…..)
– Supplementary services (to make basic services
even more usable, e.g. call transfer, conference call,
automatic call beck on busy, wake up services, least
cost routing services, credit card based call……
– Value added services (e.g. bank transaction by
phone, televoting, telephone based donation, position
based services …..)
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Service structures IV.
• Teleservices from user point of view:
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Interactive services (telephone, videoconference ...)
Messaging services (voice mail, e-mail ...)
Retrieval services (account balance retrieval, time table …)
Distribution services ( cable TV, personalized news by fax …)
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Service structures V.
• Teleservices/voice:
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Interactive services (telephone, teleconference (voice) ...)
Message handling services (voice mail…..)
Retrieval services ( account balance retrieval, time tables…)
Distribution services (telephone news…..)
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Service structures VI.
• Teleservices / data and still pictures:
– Interactive services (interconnection two PC for big distance,
POS transaction)
– Message handling services (telex, EDI, e-mail ...)
– Retrieval services (WEB browse….)
– Distribution services ( teletext … )
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Service structures VII.
• Teleservices / video:
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interactive services (videoconference, telepresence ...)
Message handling services (MMS ...)
Retrieval services (… downloading films….)
Distribution services ( cable TV … )
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Cisco TelePresence
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Cisco TelePresence
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Service structures VIII.
• Teleservices / multimedia:
– Interactive services (videoconference for medical consultation
including EKG, EEG, X-ray transmission, multimedia games...)
– Message handling services (MMS….)
– Retrieval services (… downloading multimedia shows …)
– Distribution services (video on demand, pay per view … )
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Service structures IX.
• Network and terminal requirements:
Voice, music, video
-- Sensitive on delay (max. 300ms)
– Sensitive on jitter (max 30 ms)
– Sensitive on video/voice synchrony (lip-sync)
– Error tolerant, (bit error rate 10-3 acceptable!!!)
Games
-- Sensitive on delay (max. 10 ms)
-- sensitive on error
Data, still picture
-- sensitive on error (BER min. 10-6 , error control
-- delay and jitter tolerant (www=world wide waiting)
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Interactive services / PSTN-ISDN
• Publicly available telephone service, mandatory
features:
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Available for public,
Originating and receiving national and international calls,
Access to emergency services,
Provision of operator assistance,
Directory enquiry services,
Directories,
Public payphones,
Features are implemented
Legal interception,
in switches
Carrier selection,
Number portability,
Itemised billing,
Calling-line identification.
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Interactive services / IN
• Intelligent Network (IN concept) for easy service
creation and provision
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Interactive services / IN
• Standardised IN elements (CS1):
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Freephone services (zöldszám),
Shared cost services (kékszám),
Premium rate services (emelt díjas),
Virtual card (hívókártya),
Prepaid card (előre fizetett hívókártya),
Virtual private network (virtuális magánhálózat),
Universal Personal Number (személyi hívószám)
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Interactive services / GSM
supplementary services I.
• Calling Line Identification Presentation
(CLIP)
• Calling Line Identification Restriction
(CLIR)
• Connected Line Identification
Presentation (COLP)
• Connected Line Identification Restriction
(COLR)
• Call Forwarding Unconditional (CFU)
• Call Forwarding on Mobile Subscriber
Busy (CFB)
• Call Forwarding on No Reply (CFNRy)
• Call Forwarding on Mobile Subscriber Not
Reachable (CFNRc)
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Interactive services / GSM
supplementary services II.
• Call Deflection (CD)
• Call Hold (HOLD)
• Call Waiting (CW)
• Barring of All Outgoing Calls (BAOC)
• Barring of Outgoing International Calls
(BOIC)
• Barring of All Incoming Calls (BAIC)
• Barring of Incoming Calls when Roaming
Outside the Home PLMN Country
(BIC-Roam)
• Closed User Group (CUG)
• Advice of Charge (AOC)
• User-to-user signalling (UUS)
• Multi Party Service (MPTY)
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Interactive services / IP telephony
• IP telephony: services or technology?
IP telephony
IP telefon
szolgáltatás
service
identifier
azonosítás
technology
technológia
PSTN
PSTN
E.164
E.164
Circuit
switched
Áramkör
kapcsolt
Internet
telefon
Internet
telephony
IPInternet
address cím
IP (Internet
or managed
IP)
IP (Internet
vagy menedzselt
IP)
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Defining VoIP
ITU Internet Report 2001
• IP Telephony – carriage of voice over IPbased networks irrespective of ownership
• Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) –
voice traffic carried wholly or partly using
IP over broadband networks competing
with incumbent operators
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Interactive services / IP telephony
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QoS
QoS (Quality of Service) is a major issue in VOIP
implementations. The issue is how to guarantee that
packet traffic for a voice or other media connection will
not be delayed or dropped due interference from other
lower priority traffic.
Things to consider are
Latency: Delay for packet delivery
Jitter: Variations in delay of packet delivery
Packet loss: Too much traffic in the network causes the
network to drop packets
Burstiness of Loss and Jitter: Loss and Discards (due
to jitter) tend to occur in bursts
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What is the future?
• Traditional Telco's, traditional services and
traditional business model with precise
billing?
• New operators, new business model and
free-like services (like Skype)?
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Using dialog based services for other
purposes
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Telefax
Voice mail
SMS
Internet access by telephone modems
WAP
Call center
Teleconferences
Televoting
Donation by calls
Buying, parking by mobile phones…
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Global IMS Deployments
Wireless
Operator
Infrastructure
Vendor
Service Planned
Launch Date
Undisclosed
BT Fusion (formerly Project Bluephone)
fixed/mobile converged phone service
September 2006, Announced June
2006 With 400 Early Adopters
eAaccess
LTD
(Japan)
Lucent
Multimedia, HSDPA
Announced February 2005
France
Telecom
Siemens
Fixed-mobile convergence
First two phases of three-phase project
complete; phase three includes ~ 200
customer trial.
MMO2
(U.K.)
Siemens
Push-to-talk over cellular (POC), multimedia
conferencing
EOY 2005 first launch in two-year
program
Saunalahti
(Finland)
Nokia
VoIP and rich multimedia to both mobile and
fixed telephony customers
Announced in June 2005, launch date
not yet set
Sprint
(U.S.)
Lucent
EV-DO
Announced in December 2004;
deployment of IMS solution starts in
2005
Ericsson and Nokia
Video sharing
Mass market launch 2Q05
Ericsson
Converged wireless/wireline IMS
deployment
Announced in April 2005, deployment
of IMS solution starts in late spring
2005
Ericsson, Nokia and
Siemens
Instant messaging, video sharing, gaming
among different mobile operators
Trial in spring 2005
Telkomsel
(Indonesia)
Nokia
3G services, such as video sharing. Based on
standardized 3GPP and IETF technologies.
Enabled by IMS core network
Six-month trial under way now
TMN
(Portugal)
Nokia
Video sharing
Service launched in June 2005
BT
(U.K.)
Telecom
Italia Mobile
Telefonica
(Spain)
Telia Sonera
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IMS Elements
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IMS Layered Architecture
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_Multimedia_Subsystem#3GPP_Specs
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Network services
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Leased line services
Interconnection services
VPN - Virtual Privet Network Services
Network Access Services
Billing services
Centrex services
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Leased line services
• Transparent transmission capacity without
switching function
• For operator partners to extend their networks,
• For interconnection of network nodes
• For end users to access networks or services
• Interconnection of private network nodes
• Main characteristics: service features,
transmission parameters, interface types,
• Main classes: analogue/digital, two wire/four
wire, simple / observed / managed
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Standardised leased line services
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Ordinary Quality Voice bandwidth (2 wire) ETS 300448
Ordinary Quality Voice bandwidth (4 wire) ETS 300448
64 kbit/s ETS 300 288, ETS 300 289
2048 kbit/s E1 ETS 300 418, ETS 300 247
Nx155520 kbit/s STM-1 ETS 300 299
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Interconnection services
• Call origination, call termination, call transit as the tipical
traffic situation
• Support services (e.g. billing)
• Carrier selection services
• Standard solutions for interconnection PSTN, ISDN and
GSM ETS 300 356
• Peer-to-peer interconnection without detailed traffic
accounting
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Interconnection services
• Mandatory for public networks!
• Technical, commercial and legal aspects!
• Critical issues: which services are supported, where
is the interconnection point?
• Network operators with significant market power have
special obligations!
• Reference interconnection offers are accepted by
Authority.
• All the accepted interconnection reference offers in
Hungary are bringing to justice.
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Functions of interconnection
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Functions of interconnection
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Functions of interconnection
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Functions of interconnection
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Functions of interconnection
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Functions of interconnection
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Functions of interconnection
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Services to gain content
• „Telefonhírmondó” 1881, Puskás Tivadar
• In Budapest from 1882 14,5 hours daily for
thousands of subscribers during 30 years period
• Radio broadcasting killed it.
• What is the future of radio broadcasting? No
frequency band, no CD quality?
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EU content policy
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EU content policy
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Creative content
• Copyright is the basis for creativity. It is one of the
cornerstones of Europe's cultural heritage, and of a
culturally diverse and economically vibrant creative
content sector. In Europe, the cultural and creative
sectors (from published content such as books,
newspapers and magazines via musical works and
sound recordings, to films, video on demand and
video games) generates a turnover of more than €
650 billion annually, contributes to 2.6% of the EU's GDP
and employs more than 3% of the EU work force.3
European Policymakers therefore have the responsibility
to protect copyright, including in an evolving economic
and technological environment.
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• Digital technologies bring a number of changes to the
way creative content is created, exploited and
distributed. New content is being created by
traditional players such as authors,
producers, publishers; but user-created
content is playing a new and important role, alongside
professionally produced content.
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Stakeholders
• Internal stakeholders:
– owners – return of investment
– managers – profitable operations
– employees – maximum salary
• Outsider stakeholders:
– users, subscribers, buyers – maximal services and
minimum prices
– competitors – increase market share
– suppliers – maximal sale
– state and local authorities – regulation of the market
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Music
• Stakeholder consultations reveal that the online
dissemination of music, with its multiple causes the biggest
challenges with respect to online licensing. Within the music
industry, different rightholders own different rights.
• Rights of authors are administered by authors’ societies on
behalf of the authors and music publishers. Authors hold the
rights in the composition of the lyrics/music, which include the
following:
• – Right of reproduction i.e. the right to reproduce the work by
making physical (e.g. CD) or intangible (e.g. upload, download)
copies.;
• – Right to communicate the work to the public.
• Rights of performers, and record producers (record labels)
are related rights of producers and performing artists which
allow them to control or obtain remuneration for the use of a
sound recording.
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Publishing
• The online distribution of in-print books is a more
straightforward matter, as the publisher or the author owns the
right to make the book available online. More complex issues
arise with respect to the mass digitisation of out-of-print books
or orphan books ( the owner of the "digital" rights is unknown).
• Online distribution of literary works and e-books is still a
nascent market. Commercial projects are being developed
outside Europe, without necessarily complying with EU
copyright rules. From a European perspective, the rights of
authors and publishers should be duly protected and secured
when their works are digitised and made available through
online services.
• Digitisation of books and other literary and artistic works
under the Europeana project is a significant development.
However, there is also a risk that a considerable proportion of
the books in Europe's national libraries cannot be incorporated
into mass-scale digitisation and heritage preservation efforts
such as Europeana or similar projects for rights clearance
reasons, since their rightholders cannot be identified (orphan
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works) or must expressly consent (out-of-print works).
Audiovisual (Film, Video-on-Demand)
• There are many more rightholders involved in the creation of
a film: director, producer, actors, screenplay and music
soundtrack authors, to mention but a few. In addition, the
rights of performers (actors) are not fully harmonised at
European level, so that actors enjoy different rights in
different Member States.
• The film producer usually benefits from a transfer of rights
from the creators involved in the film.
• The new video-on-demand (VOD) services
• involves several challenges. Statutory and contractual
provisions relating to release windows for VOD can act as a
barrier to the availability of content on digital platforms across
borders, because of the time lapse between VOD and other
releases.
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Video games
• The video games industry was born digital and
relies to a large extent upon online interactivity.
This is why it remains one of the most consistent
online audiovisual markets, and less subject to
cultural and linguistic differences. Thus many
consumers across Europe can enjoy video
games regardless of their language and country.
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The content
• The free flow of information and access to
information are fundamental rights of human. The
European Convention of Human Right authorise
national bodies to limit the harmful and
dangerous content.
• Representation of violence in media
– Free access (unencrypted)
– Fee-paying (encrypted)
– Programming time
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Who is responsible for the content?
• As the several hundred years practice in Europe
clearly the editor in chief.
• Which body is competent in debates concerning
content?
• In the actual media law The NMHH (Nemzeti Média
és Hírközlési hatóság). President is nominated by
the prime minister for 9 years!
• What is the responsibility of electronic
communication service providers?
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Protection of children and the dignity of
human being
• Illegal contents: child pornography, violent
pornography, extreme violence, incitement to
racial…..
• Limited contents: legally publicised to adults but
might be harmful for children….
• Protection methods:
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Markup with cooperation the content providers,
Classification of programs
Anti violence „V” chip (Canada)
Limited content only between 23.00 pm – 5.00 am as
in the Hungarian media law
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