Transcript CHAPTER 9 WORKING FOR REFORM

HOLT
The American Nation
Chapter 9
WORKING FOR REFORM
Section 1: Religious Zeal and New Communities
Section 2: Movements for Social Reform
Section 3: The Crusade for Abolition
Section 4: The Cause of Women’s Rights
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 1: Religious Zeal and New Communities
Objectives:
 Who participated in the Second Great Awakening?
 What were the main characteristics of the Shakers
and Mormons?
 What ideas did transcendentalism promote?
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 1: Religious Zeal and New Communities
Participants in the Second Great
Awakening
 people living on the frontier
 people living in the cities of the Northeast
 African Americans
 middle-class women
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 1: Religious Zeal and New Communities
Shaker beliefs
 separate yet relatively equal roles for men and
women; no marriage
 property jointly owned by the community
 Christ would soon return to rule Earth
 Utopian community
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 1: Religious Zeal and New Communities
Mormon beliefs
 Utopian community
 plural marriage for men
 Divine assistance had given new religious
teachings.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 1: Religious Zeal and New Communities
Transcendentalist ideas
 People could attain perfection through knowledge
about God, the self, and the universe.
 importance of the individual
 natural simplicity
 spiritual renewal
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 2: Movements for Social Reform
Objectives:
 What motivated temperance reformers?
 Why did some women believe it was important to
become involved in reform movements?
 How did educational opportunities change in the
early 1800s?
 How and why did reformers work to improve
prisons and other institutions?
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 2: Movements for Social Reform
Temperance reformers
 wanted to reduce criminal behavior, family
violence, and poverty
 desired a more disciplined workforce
 wanted to preserve the family
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 2: Movements for Social Reform
Women and reform
Many women believed that they had a duty to
become involved in reform since they were expected
to instill values of good citizenship in their children
and serve as the moral voice in their household.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 2: Movements for Social Reform
Education in the early 1800s
 expansion of public education
 opening of first public high school
 expansion of opportunities for women and African
Americans to receive a college education
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 2: Movements for Social Reform
Jails and prisons
Reformers created the penitentiary system, built
more prisons, and established reform schools to deal
with the imprisonment of juveniles with adult
offenders.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 2: Movements for Social Reform
Poorhouses
Reformers established a network of poorhouses,
where the able-bodied poor would be required to
work and where poor children could be educated.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 2: Movements for Social Reform
Mental hospitals
Rehabilitation hospitals were established to get
mentally ill people out of jails and poorhouses.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 3: The Crusade for Abolition
Objectives:
 How did African Americans change the focus of
antislavery efforts?
 What sparked the call for immediate abolition?
 How did the Anti-Slavery Society spread its
message?
 What obstacles did the abolitionist movement face?
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 3: The Crusade for Abolition
Focus of antislavery efforts
African Americans changed the focus of antislavery
efforts through their opposition to plans for
colonization.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 3: The Crusade for Abolition
The call for immediate abolition
Impatience with the abolition movement’s lack of
progress led some leaders such as David Walker and
William Lloyd Garrison to call for immediate
abolition.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 3: The Crusade for Abolition
Obstacles to the abolition movement
 violence
 fear and prejudice against free African Americans
 internal conflict
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 4: The Cause of Women’s Rights
Objectives:
 How did the women’s rights movement grow out
of the abolitionist movement, and what opposition
did it face?
 What did early women’s rights activists demand?
 What did the early women’s rights movement
achieve, and what issues remained unresolved?
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 4: The Cause of Women’s Rights
Women’s rights movement grew out of
abolition movement
The women’s rights movement grew out of the
abolition movement because many women who
worked for abolition began comparing their situation
to that of the slaves.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 4: The Cause of Women’s Rights
Opposition to women’s rights movement
The women’s rights movement faced opposition
from men who believed that a woman’s place was in
the home.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 4: The Cause of Women’s Rights
Early demands
 Married women should have the right to control
property and earnings.
 Divorced women should gain custody of their
children.
 Women should have the right to vote.
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HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 4: The Cause of Women’s Rights
Achievements
 New York’s Married Women’s Property Act
 Some states revised laws to permit married
women to own property, file lawsuits, and retain
earnings.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 4: The Cause of Women’s Rights
Unresolved issues
 right to vote
 needs of African American women and white,
working-class women
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