Transcript chapter 2 the age of exploration (1350–1550)

HOLT
Chapter 2
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
(1350–1550)
Section 1: Europeans Set Sail
Section 2: Voyages to the Americas
Section 3: The Race for Trade Routes
Section 4: The Opening of the Atlantic
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HOLT, RINEHART
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Section 1:
Europeans Set Sail
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
OBJECTIVES
 How did the Commercial Revolution and the
Renaissance change Europe?
 Why did western Europeans want to find a
new sea route for trade with Africa and Asia?
 How did Portugal’s early explorations affect
Africans?
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Section 1:
Europeans Set Sail
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
The Commercial Revolution and
Renaissance Change Europe
 Merchants became more aggressive about
making a profit.
 Cities grew rich from trade.
 Banks were created.
 Joint stock companies were formed.
joint-stock companies – businesses formed by a group of people
who jointly make an investment and share in the profits and losses
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Section 1:
Europeans Set Sail
(continued)
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
The Commercial Revolution and
Renaissance Change Europe
 There was a rebirth of the arts and learning of
ancient Greece and Rome.
 Johannes Gutenberg’s printing press spread
the science and literature of the Renaissance.
 New technological advances led to
exploration.
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Section 1:
Europeans Set Sail
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Trade with Africa and Asia
Western Europeans wanted to find a new sea
route for trade with Africa and Asia…
 to earn more money
 to ensure that they could get trade goods
 to learn about other cultures
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Section 1:
Europeans Set Sail
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Portuguese exploration of Africa led to:
 establishment of trading posts to supply port
ships
 development of relationships with local rulers
and merchants for gold, ivory, and slaves
 warfare among kingdoms of West Africa
 break up of West African families
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Section 2:
Voyages to the Americas
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
OBJECTIVES
 What was Christopher Columbus’s goal?
 What did Columbus do on his explorations in
the Americas?
 How did Portugal react to new of Columbus’s
discoveries?
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Section 2:
Voyages to the Americas
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Columbus’s Bold Idea
 To reach Asia by sailing west across the
Atlantic
 To reach the Indies so Spain could better
compete with Portugal
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Section 2:
Voyages to the Americas
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Columbus’s First Exploration
 Searched for riches
 Explored islands
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Section 2:
Voyages to the Americas
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Europe Learns of Columbus’s Voyage
 King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella become
excited
 Columbus receives appointment of admiral
and governor
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Section 3:
The Race for Trade Routes
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
OBJECTIVES
 Where did Vasco da Gama and Pedro Alvars
Cabral explore, and what was the result of
these voyages for Portugal?
 What did John Cabot and Amerigo Vespucci
achieve?
 Why was Ferdinand Magellan’s voyage
important?
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Section 3:
The Race for Trade Routes
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Vasco da Gama and Pedro Alvars Cabral
 Vasco da Gama explored India and Pedro
Alvars Cabral explored South America.
 The Portuguese made claims in India and
Brazil.
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Section 3:
The Race for Trade Routes
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
John Cabot and Amerigo Vespucci
 John Cabot discovered North America giving
England a claim in North America.
 Amerigo Vespucci reached South America in
1501 and America is named in his honor.
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Section 3:
The Race for Trade Routes
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Sailing around the Globe
 Ferdinand Magellan finds a western route to
Asia in 1519.
 Magellan finds a passageway at the southern
tip of South America which became known as
the Strait of Magellan.
 Magellan’s crew is the first to circumnavigate
the world.
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Section 4:
The Opening of the Atlantic
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
OBJECTIVES
 How did new trade routes affect Portugal and
Spain?
 How did the Columbian Exchange affect
Europeans and American Indians?
 Why were some countries searching for a
Northwest Passage?
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Section 4:
The Opening of the Atlantic
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
A Shift in Trade
 Spain and Portugal made greater profits.
 Spain established an outpost in the Philippines
to trade with China.
 Spain and Portugal gained influence in
European affairs.
 Trade creates an outlet for wealth and
resources.
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Section 4:
The Opening of the Atlantic
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
The Columbian Exchange
 Europeans – helped Europeans because they
obtained new crops and animals
 American Indians – also helped American
Indians obtain new crops and animals;
harmed American Indians, however, because
they were killed by European diseases
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Section 4:
The Opening of the Atlantic
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
The Search for a Northwest Passage
 Would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic
Ocean to the Pacific Ocean
 Increased European interest in North America
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