Transcript Christendom and the Church

Christendom and the Church
Medieval Society during the Gregorian
Reform
Christian Society
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Christendom
"body of Christ"
"confraternity"
"three orders"; "estates"
"body politic"
"corporation"
gild (guild)
How did medieval people conceive of society as a hierarchical
order in which each group had its own rights and liberties?
• What were some of the economic consequences of the
population growth of the High Middle Ages?
Christians and Non-Christians
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Pope Urban II, Crusades
reconquista
Convivencia
Albigensians; Albigensian
Crusade
• Inquisition
• Why did the Crusaders
achieve success so easily in
the First Crusade?
Hardening of Boundaries
• What were some of the consequences of the increase
in Christian fervor during the High Middle Ages?
• What were some of the measures taken against Jews
during this time?
• What changes occurred in the status of women? Of
homosexuals?
Question to Ponder
• To what extent is it
"Christian" behavior to
slaughter Muslims and Jews?
What are historians able to
say about this question?
Gregorian Reform
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simony
lay investiture
Pope Gregory VII
Emperor Henry IV
Concordat of Worms
What was the outcome of the Gregorian Reform? What were some of its
implications?
• Why were clergy expected to remain celibate? How well was this rule
enforced?
• In what ways did the clergy gain prestige in the High Middle Ages?
Francis of Assissi, Franciscans
Questions on Gregory VII, Henry IV, and the German
Bishops, Documents
1. To what extent can the Gregorian reform be called a conflict between two
contrasting views of authority?
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From what source does Gregory claim his authority, and over what does he claim
it?
From what source does Henry claim his, and over what?
Is this a theocratic society? Explain your answer.
2. What event sparked these letters? Why was it important to each party?
3. What were the implications of the Gregorian reform for the authority of the
papacy over the church? Had the papacy even had clear, effective authority
over the church in the eleventh century?
4. On the basis of these letteres, on what sources of authority other than God
did people rely in the eleventh century? To whom or what did Gregory and
his opponents turn in support of their positions?