Transcript 1/4 Qualificação como Organização Social

Integrating Latin American and
European Research and Education
Networks through the ALICE project
October 2003
Michael Stanton
Member, CLARA Technical Committee
Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa do Brasil - RNP
<[email protected]>
Cathrin Stöver
Project Manager, ALICE Project
DANTE
<[email protected]>
A Brief Story of Networking in Latin
America
• Political, linguistic and cultural considerations have
traditionally led to considerable interaction between
countries within the region
However, networking has not followed this model:
• First connections (BITNET) starting 1986 using satellite
links between the US and each country separately
• Same topology inherited with transition to Internet
• Even multilateral initiatives (RedHUCyT in mid 90s and
AMPATH from 2001) have used traffic hubs in the US.
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First global conections from LA countries
Two “classical” phases of
connectivity:
• e-mail networks (BITNET,
UUCP)
• full Internet (IP) connectivity
• Table shows the first
connections for each LA
NREN (National Research
and Education Network)
MX CL BR NI
UY PY VE AR CR
e-mail
86
86
88
88
88
89
90
90
90
IP
89
92
91
94
94
95
92
93
93
CO EC PE BO CU PA GT SV HN
e-mail
90
91
91
91
91
92
92
94
94
IP
94
92
94
95
96
94
95
96
95
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Influence of telecommunications
infrastructure
• Until very recently, the only available telecom
infrastructure for data communication was by satellite
– cost independent of distance
– no incentive for establishing links within the region, as
all countries were mainly interested in access to
global Internet
• Recent important changes (since late 1990s):
– end of state telecom monopoly in many countries
• competition and lower prices
• most LA NRENs replaced by commodity IP
providers (for economic or political reasons)
– building out of new infrastructure based on submarine
fibre optical cables
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Optical cable infra-structure
• Advances in optical transmission technologies have
recently made it possible to build very long distance
undersea communications systems based on DWDM
• In the late 1990s, many new DWDM cable systems were
built, vastly increasing the installed capacity
• Principal new undersea cable operators in Latin America:
– Global Crossing
– Telefonica International Wholesale Services
(e-mergia)
– New World Networks (ARCOS cable)
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Worldwide Submarine Optical Cables - 2002
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New Optical Cables in Latin America
Panamerican
Global Crossing & Emergia
ImpSat
Transandino
UniSur
Global Crossing
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New cables in the Caribbean (Maya & Arcos)
North Miami
309km
474km
271km Cat Island
319km
521km
Maya
Crooked Island
Cancun
258km
165km
Providenciales
(Turks & Caicos Islands)
376km
Tulum
Arcos
Puerto Plata
325km
363km
Ladyville
291km
(festoon)
San Juan
Punta Cana
294km 241km Trujillo
Puerto
Puerto 339km
Barrios
114km Cortes
Puerto
Lempira
258km
1006km
Puerto
Cabezas
279km
372km
Bluefields
351km
270km
371km
Puerto
Limon
301km
Maria
Chiquita
242km Curacao
Willemstad
Punto Fijo
Riohacha
314km
Ustupo
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Internet2
• Until 1995, the USA maintained a national R&E network
called NSFNET, created in 1986.
– When NSFNET was created, there was no equivalent
commodity service
• In 1995 all US R&E users were obliged to seek IP
service from commodity providers
• In 1996, the Internet2 project was created, to provide
“advanced networking” service to the R&E community,
through the Abilene network
• Similar initiatives have been taken in other countries,
especially Canada, Europe and Japan.
• Today, Internet2 connectivity is an important
characteristic of R&E networking worldwide.
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Present Internet2 Connectivity in Latin America
AmPath
• uses Global Crossing
• connects AR, BR (2), CL,
VE
• 45 Mbps
• all connections are point to
point from Miami, and
thence to Abilene
AmPath
Mexico
• cross-border connections to
USA (TX and CA)
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Present State of Latin American NRENs
Established education and research networks:
• With dedicated Internet2 connections:
Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Venezuela
• Some with dedicated int’l connectivity:
Cuba, Uruguay
Education and research networks being re-established
(present nat’l/int’l connectivity through commercial ISPs)
• Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala,
Panama, Peru, Paraguay, El Salvador
No education/research network (most connected to Internet via
commercial ISPs): Nicaragua, Honduras, Dominican
Republic, Haiti, rest of Caribbean
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Argentina - RETINA (www.retina.ar)
-
45 Mbps to
AmPath
Abundant
Medium
Narrow
•4 with advanced connectivity
•8 in the near future
•57 with low connectivity
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Brazil - RNP (www.rnp.br/index_en.html)
-
-
-
ATM backbone
- 14 nodes
- 300 Mbps total
b/w
FR to other PoPs
15 state networks
Aggregate int’l b/w
over 400 Mbps (incl.
90 Mbps to AmPath)
new backbone in
4Q2003
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Chile - REUNA (www.reuna.cl)
Iquique
Arica
- ATM
backbone
- 10
nodes
- 10/60
Mbps
- 45 Mbps to
AmPath
uta
unap
Antofagasta
ucn
Iquique
uantof
Antofagasta
Copiapó
uda uda
Copiapó
La Serena
userena
La Serena
Valparaíso
Valparaíso
utfsm
Santiago
Santiago
uchile
Talca
utem
utalca
Talca
umce
Concepción
udec
Con cepción
Valdivia
reuna
udp
Temuco
ubiobio
Temu
co
Osorno
ufro
Valdivia
uach
unap
uta
ucn
uantof
uda
userena
utfsm
uchile
utem
umce
udp
utalca
udec
ubiobio
ufro
uach
ulagos
ulagos
Universidad Arturo Prat
Universidad de Tarapacá
Universidad Católica del Norte
Universidad de Antofagasta
Universidad de Atacama
Universidad de la Serena
Universidad Técnico Federico Santa María
Universidad de Chile
Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana
Universidad Metropolitana de Cs. de la Educación
Universidad Diego Portales
Universidad de Talca
Universidad de Concepción
Universidad del BíoBío
Universidad de la Frontera
Universidad Austral de Chile
Universidad de los Lagos
Switch de Backbone
Switch de Acceso
Router de Acceso
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Trama SDH
FO Multimodo
FO Monomodo
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Mexico - CUDI (www.cudi.edu.mx)
• Internal links at 155
Mbps
• 400 Mbps of int’l
connectivity
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Where do we go from here?
• AMPATH´s achievements
– Initial boost for Advanced Networking in LA
– Stimulus for advanced connectivity inside each country
– Motivation for collaborative projects
– Connectivity needs, delayed till now due to high costs,
being solved
BUT
• Why does LA communicate internally through Miami?
• Why does LA communicate with other parts of the world
through the US?
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DANTE and Pan-European R&E networking
• In Europe, global networking also began with direct
BITNET and IP links to the US from separate countries
• Since the early 1990s great efforts have been invested in
pan-European networking, through the creation of a
series of regional backbone networks:
• These networks have been built and managed by
DANTE (Delivering Advanced Networking Technology to
Europe), with financing by European NRENs and the EU
• Four versions of the pan-European backbone network
– EuropaNET (1992-1997)
– TEN-34 (1997-1998)
– TEN-155 (1998-2001)
– GÉANT (2002- )
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TEN-34
• Trans-European
Network at 34
Mbps
• 20 countries
• operational in
1997
• backbone speed
inferior to internal
NREN links
(cost of int’l links)
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TEN-155
• Set up after
liberalisation and
harmonisation of
European telecom
industry
• Much cheaper int’l
connectivity within
Europe
• In some countries
liberalisation delayed
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GÉANT
• First network of the
“Bandwidth Age”
• 20-fold increase in
capacity over TEN-155
for the same cost
• Principal connections
are 10 and 2.5 Gbps
wavelengths
• Currently the largest
capacity operational IP
network in the world
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Falling costs in the Bandwidth Age
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The @LIS iniciative
• Through GÉANT, the European R&E community enjoys
high bandwidth connectivity with N. America
• Initiatives already taken to improve connectivity to AsianPacific, Mediterranean and Latin American regions, with
support from the European Commission
• @LIS: Alliance for the Information Society (2003-2005)
– 62.5 Million Euros for EU-LA on Information Society
Issues
– 10 Million Euros for Interconnecting Europe & Latin
American Researchers
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CAESAR: Connecting All European and
South American Researchers.
European initiative to prepare for the @LIS program
• Promote EU-LA connectivity through regional
connectivity within LA plus a large pipe to Europe
• Participants: DANTE, NRENs of Spain and Portugal
• CAESAR Workshop 2002 in Toledo became starting
point for CLARA
– cooperative organisation for advanced networking in
LA
– regional network:
feasibility study showed that @LIS budget sufficient
to establish advanced connectivity to all LA countries
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• Association of NRENs in LA open to all LA Countries
– constituted in Uruguay (like LACNIC)
• CLARA is not limited to @LIS/CAESAR time scale and
restrictions
• Will connect LA to Europe and to other regions
• Cost to connect to the backbone will be the same for every
country at equal bandwidth
• Improve Internet2 connectivity by optimising LA
participation in AMPATH
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CLARA Members
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Argentina
Brasil
Bolivia
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Guatemala
Honduras
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
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Comments about CLARA
• CLARA responds to long-standing need for coordination
between LA NRENs.
• Builds on trust-building already carried out between
major partners
• Offers support for NREN building in other LA countries by
provision of support and int’l connectivity
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ALICE project: May 2003 to April 2006
ALICE - América Latina Interconectada Con Europa
• Sucessor project to CAESAR
• Coordinated by DANTE, with participation of NRENs from Italy,
France, Spain, Portugal and the CLARA countries, and
eventually CLARA itself
• February 2003: technical definitions complete
• June 2003: Open tender for provisioning of links
• September/October 2003: Link contracts assigned
• January 2004: Network operational
Notes:
• DANTE is the project coordinator and will sign contracts with
users and providers
• CLARA is expected to represent interests of LA users in the
medium term (one year)
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Suggested network topology
• Major connectivity between
Argentina, Brazil, Chile and
Mexico (at least 45 Mbps)
• Other countries connect to
major nodes (between 10 and
45 Mbps)
• Large pipe to Europe (at least
155 Mbps)
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Two possible ALICE network scenarios
(based on first responses to connectivity tender)
NOTE: tender is still not finalised
Network expected to be operational in January, 2004
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Experimental networking in Latin
America
• Internet2 style networks provide for today’s connectivity
needs of the P&E community
• In future, with the growth of this community and its
needs, new solutions will need to be provided
• Such solutions are currently being developed and
demonstrated in experimental networking testbeds
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Networking testbeds
• NSF classification of networking testbeds
beyond Internet 2 (Tom Greene)
– Experimental Infrastructure Networks (EIN) - Internet 3
– Networking Research Testbeds (NRT)
- Internet 4
• Internet 4 optical networks
– dynamic lambda-switched, OPS, OBS networks
• Internet 3 optical networks
– Based mostly on statically lambda-switched networks
– growing number of networks providing production
networking support for advanced applications
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Some current experimental optical
networking projects in Latin America
• Chile:
G-REUNA - Advanced Applications Testbed
• Brazil:
Project GIGA - Optical Networking and Applications
Testbed
Both of these are a mixture of EIN and NRT
(Internet 3 and 4)
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G-REUNA (Chile)
experimental network (2002-2003)
• Phase I of G-REUNA:
• R&D in optical
networking and
advanced applications
• IP/DWDM
• govt. and telco support
• 250 km network between
Santiago and Valparaiso
• participation of leading
research universities and
national academic
network (REUNA)
• http://redesopticas.reuna.cl
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Project GIGA (Brazil)
• Partnership between
– RNP (Brazilian NREN) www.rnp.br
– CPqD (telco industry R&D centre in Campinas, SP)
www.cpqd.com.br
– R&D community in industry and universities
• Build an advanced networking laboratory (GIGA network)
for development and demonstration purposes
• Support R&D subprojects in optical and IP networking
technology and advanced applications and services
• Industry participation (telcos provide the fibres; technology
transfer of products and services required)
• Government funding for 3 years - started December 2002
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GIGA network: objectives
• explore user control of optical fibre infrastructure
– interconnect 20 academic R&D centres in S.E. Brazil
– use of IP/DWDM with Ethernet framing
• provide Networking Research Testbed (NRT) for optical
and IP network development
• provide Experimental Infrastructure Network (EIN) for
development and demonstration of applications
• expected to operate before end 2003.
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GIGA network: geographical localisation
(states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro)
Universities
IME
PUC-Rio
UERJ
UFF
UFRJ
Unesp
Unicamp
USP
R&D Centres
CBPF
- physics
CPqD
- telecom
CPTEC - meteorology
CTA
- aerospace
Fiocruz - health
IMPA
- mathematics
INPE
- space sciences
LNCC
- HPC
LNLS
- physics
About 600 km extension - not to scale
LNCC
CTA
INPE
CPqD
LNLS
Unicamp
CPTEC
Fapesp
telcos
Unesp
USP - Incor
USP - C.Univ.
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UFF
CBPF
LNCC
Fiocruz
IME
IMPA-RNP
PUC-Rio
telcos
UERJ
UFRJ
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GIGA Project:
Initial design of the network
• DWDM WAN between Campinas and Rio de Janeiro
• WDM MANs in Rio,
S. Paulo and Campinas
CPS - Campinas
SPO - São Paulo
• Switches between WAN
SJC - São José dos Campos
and MANs for IP packets
CPL - Cachoeira Paulista
and lambdas (under study)
RJO - Rio de Janeiro
• later: redundant topology
and optical switching
CPS
SPO
SJC
CPS
Switch
Switch
SPO
RJO
CPL
RJO
Switch
T-DWDM
Petrópolis
T-DWDM
Niterói
Switch
Switch
AD-DWDM
AD-DWDM
AD-DWDM
T-AOL
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SJC
CPL
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Some GIGA R&D subprojects
• intelligent optical network with monitoring and control of
physical parameters
– optical amplification, dispersion, equalisation, SNR, ...
• optical switching architecture
– control plane: dynamical bandwidth provisioning and
mesh restoration
– provisioning end-to-end optical circuits for specific
applications
• IP over WDM: unified control plane and integrated network
management
• high performance distributed applications
• advanced multimedia applications
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Conclusion
• Both international cooperation (through AmPath and
CLARA) and development of experimental networking
have percussions:
– provides valuable opportunities for academic user
community in LA to collaborate with peer groups in
other countries
– permits the acquiring and diffusion of experience in
advanced networking technologies, often absent in
LA countries
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Acknowledgements and references
•
With thanks to many colleagues from both Europe and Latin
America, too many all to be mentioned here individually. Most
of the LA maps are by Florencio Utreras, from REUNA (Chile).
•
ALICE website:
www.dante.net/alice
•
ALICE brochure (in English, Spanish and Portuguese):
www.dante.net/alice/ALICEbrochure.pdf
•
RNP website:
www.rnp.br
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