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CLARA - Cooperación Latino
Americana de Redes Avanzadas:
milestones, plans and the future
October 2003
Michael Stanton
Member, CLARA Technical Committee
Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa do Brasil - RNP
<[email protected]>
A Brief Story of Networking in
Latin America
• Political, linguistic and cultural considerations have
traditionally led to considerable interaction between
countries within the region
However, networking has not followed this model:
• First connections (BITNET) starting 1986 using satellite
links between the US and each country separately
• Same topology inherited with transition to Internet
• Even multilateral initiatives (RedHUCyT in mid 90s and
AMPATH from 2001) have used traffic hubs in the US.
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First global conections from LA
countries
Two “classical” phases of
connectivity:
• e-mail networks (BITNET,
UUCP)
• full Internet (IP) connectivity
• Table shows the first
connections for each LA
NREN (National Research
and Education Network)
MX CL BR NI
UY PY VE AR CR
e-mail
86
86
88
88
88
89
90
90
90
IP
89
92
91
94
94
95
92
93
93
CO EC PE BO CU PA GT SV HN
e-mail
90
91
91
91
91
92
92
94
94
IP
94
92
94
95
96
94
95
96
95
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Influence of telecommunications
infrastructure
• Until very recently, the only available telecom
infrastructure for data communication was by satellite
– cost independent of distance
– no incentive for establishing links within the region, as
all countries were mainly interested in access to
global Internet
• Recent important changes (since late 1990s):
– end of state telecom monopoly in many countries
• competition and lower prices
• most LA NRENs replaced by commodity IP
providers (for economic or political reasons)
– building out of new infrastructure based on submarine
fibre optical cables
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Optical cable infra-structure
• Advances in optical transmission technologies have
recently made it possible to build very long distance
undersea communications systems based on DWDM
• In the late 1990s, many new DWDM cable systems were
built, vastly increasing the installed capacity
• Principal new undersea cable operators in Latin America:
– Global Crossing
– Telefonica International Wholesale Services - TIWS
(e-mergia)
– New World Networks (ARCOS cable)
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New Optical Cables in Latin
America
Panamerican
E-mergia (Telefonica)
ImpSat
Transandino
UniSur
Global Crossing
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New cables in the Caribbean
(Maya2 & Arcos)
North Miami
309km
474km
271km Cat Island
319km
521km
Maya
Crooked Island
Cancun
258km
165km
Providenciales
(Turks & Caicos Islands)
376km
Tulum
325km
363km
Ladyville
Arcos
Puerto Plata
291km
(festoon)
San Juan
Punta Cana
294km 241km Trujillo
Puerto
Puerto 339km
Barrios
114km Cortes
Puerto
Lempira
258km
1006km
Puerto
Cabezas
279km
372km
Bluefields
351km
270km
371km
Puerto
Limon
301km
Maria
Chiquita
242km Curacao
Willemstad
Punto Fijo
Riohacha
314km
Ustupo
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Ampath: The GC-FIU Initiative
• In 2000 thanks to an initiative by FIU, Global Crossing
donates 10 DS-3s to be used by 10 countries in LA to
connect to the Internet2 thru a POP located in Miami
• In June 2001, Chile’s REUNA becomes the first LA
NREN to get connected to the Ampath POP
• In December 2001, both Argentina (RETINA) and Brazil
(RNP) get connected to Ampath
• In January 2002, FAPESP from Brazil connects to
Ampath separetly from RNP
• In April 2003, Venezuela’s REACCIUN gets connected
to Ampath
• All links are DS-3
• All connections are free of charge from GC for 3 years
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Present Internet2 Connectivity in Latin
America
AmPath
• uses Global Crossing
• connects AR, BR (2), CL,
VE
• 45 Mbps
• all connections are point to
point from Miami, and
thence to Abilene
AmPath
Mexico
• cross-border connections to
USA (TX and CA)
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Present State of Latin American
NRENs
Established education and research networks:
• With dedicated Internet2 connections:
Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Venezuela
• Some with dedicated int’l connectivity:
Cuba, Uruguay
Education and research networks being re-established
(present nat’l/int’l connectivity through commercial ISPs)
• Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala,
Panama, Peru, Paraguay, El Salvador
No education/research network (most connected to Internet via
commercial ISPs): Nicaragua, Honduras, Dominican
Republic, Haiti, rest of Caribbean
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Argentina - RETINA
(www.retina.ar)
-
45 Mbps to
AmPath
Abundant
Medium
Narrow
•4 with advanced connectivity
•8 in the near future
•57 with low connectivity
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Brazil - RNP
(www.rnp.br/index_en.html)
-
-
-
ATM backbone
- 14 nodes
- 300 Mbps total
b/w
FR to other PoPs
15 state networks
Aggregate int’l b/w
over 400 Mbps (incl.
90 Mbps to AmPath)
new backbone in
4Q2003
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Chile - REUNA (www.reuna.cl)
Arica
- ATM
backbone
- 10
nodes
- 10/60
Mbps
- 45 Mbps to
AmPath
Iquique
Iquique
uta
unap
Antofagasta
ucn
uantof
Antofagasta
Copiapó
uda uda
Copiapó
La Serena
userena
La Serena
Valparaíso
Valparaíso
utfsm
Santiago
Santiago
uchile
Talca
utem
utalca
Talca
umce
Concepción
udec
Con cepción
Valdivia
reuna
Temu
co
Osorno
udp
Temuco
ubiobio
ufro
Valdivia
uach
unap
uta
ucn
uantof
uda
userena
utfsm
uchile
utem
umce
udp
utalca
udec
ubiobio
ufro
uach
ulagos
ulagos
Universidad Arturo Prat
Universidad de Tarapacá
Universidad Católica del Norte
Universidad de Antofagasta
Universidad de Atacama
Universidad de la Serena
Universidad Técnico Federico Santa María
Universidad de Chile
Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana
Universidad Metropolitana de Cs. de la Educación
Universidad Diego Portales
Universidad de Talca
Universidad de Concepción
Universidad del BíoBío
Universidad de la Frontera
Universidad Austral de Chile
Universidad de los Lagos
Switch de Backbone
Switch de Acceso
Router de Acceso
Trama SDH
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FO Multimodo
FO Monomodo
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Mexico - CUDI
(www.cudi.edu.mx)
• Internal links at 155
Mbps
• 400 Mbps of int’l
connectivity
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Where do we go from here?
• AMPATH´s achievements
– Initial boost for Advanced Networking in LA
– Stimulus for advanced connectivity inside each country
– Motivation for collaborative projects
– Connectivity needs, delayed till now due to high costs,
being solved
BUT
• Why does LA communicate internally through Miami?
• Why does LA communicate with other parts of the world
through the US?
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The @LIS iniciative of the
European Union
• Through GÉANT, the European R&E community enjoys
high bandwidth connectivity with N. America
• Initiatives already taken to improve connectivity to AsianPacific, Mediterranean and Latin American regions, with
support from the European Commission
• @LIS: Alliance for the Information Society (2003-2005)
– 62.5 Million Euros for EU-LA on Information Society
Issues
– 10 Million Euros for Interconnecting Europe & Latin
American Research and Education Networks
(cost sharing: EU 80% - LA 20%)
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CAESAR: Connecting All European
and South American Researchers.
European initiative to prepare for the @LIS program
• Promote EU-LA connectivity through regional
connectivity within LA plus a large pipe to Europe
• Participants: DANTE, NRENs of Spain and Portugal
• CAESAR Workshop 2002 in Toledo became starting
point for CLARA
– cooperative organisation for advanced networking in
LA
– regional network:
feasibility study showed that @LIS budget sufficient
to establish advanced connectivity to all LA countries
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• Association of NRENs in LA open to all LA Countries
– constituted in Uruguay (like LACNIC)
– Bylaws signed on June 10, 2003 in Mexico
• Coordination amongst LA-NRENs and other stakeholders
• Cooperation for the promotion of scientific and
technological development
• Planning and implementation of network services for
regional interconnection
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The Clara Network (RedClara)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Development of a regional network (here called
RedCLARA) to interconnect the NRENs operated by its
members
Cost to connect to the backbone will be the same for
every country at equal bandwidth
RedCLARA to connect LA at first to Europe and then to
other regions
May improve Internet2 connectivity by optimising LA
participation in AMPATH
CLARA is not limited to @LIS/CAESAR time scale and
restrictions
The joint EU-LA project, ALICE, is a very important
initiative but not CLARA’s only goal
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NRENs’ Present Status
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Argentina
Brazil
Bolivia
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Chile
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panamá
Paraguay
Perú
Uruguay
Venezuela
RETINA
RNP
CRNet
RedUniv
REUNA
CEDIA
RAICES
RAGIE
CUDI
RedCyt
ARANDU
RAP
RAU
REACCIUN
Operational
Operational
Organizing
Organizing
Operational
Operational
Operational
Organizing
Organizing
Organizing
Organizing
Operational
Organizing
Organizing
Organizing
Organizing
Operational
Operational
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Comments about CLARA
• CLARA responds to long-standing need for coordination
between LA NRENs.
• Builds on trust-building already carried out between
major partners
• Offers support for NREN building in other LA countries by
provision of support and int’l connectivity
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ALICE project: June 2003 - May 2006
ALICE - América Latina Interconectada Con Europa
• Successor project to CAESAR
• Coordinated by DANTE, with participation of NRENs
from Italy, France, Spain, Portugal and the CLARA
countries, and eventually CLARA itself
• February 2003: technical definitions complete
• June 2003: Open tender for provisioning of links
• September/October 2003: Link contracts assigned
• February 2004: Network operational
Notes:
• DANTE is the project coordinator and will sign
contracts with users and providers
• CLARA is expected to represent interests of LA users
in the medium term (one year)
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Suggested network topology
• Major connectivity
between Argentina,
Brazil, Chile and Mexico
(at least 45 Mbps)
• Other countries connect
to major nodes (between
10 and 45 Mbps)
• Large pipe to Europe (at
least 155 Mbps)
• Reasonable expectations
of greater bandwidth than
these minimum values, at
least on backbone
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Two possible ALICE network scenarios
(based on early responses to tender)
NOTE: tender is still not finalised
Network expected to be operational in February, 2004
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Next steps?
• With the RedCLARA in place, most LA R&E institutions
will be accessible through the new infrastructure
– Unequalled opportunities for intra-regional
cooperation, strengthening internal cohesion
– Opportunities for collaboration with outside groups
• How will connectivity for new collaborations be funded?
– EU @LIS initiative the first to invest outside money in
regional connectivity infrastructure – very generous
cost sharing (EU 80% - LA 20%)
– Future external collaboration projects should follow
the European example, adding additional value to the
shared connectivity infrastructure, rather than seeking
dedicated connectivity for “their” specific projects
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Next steps?
• Joint study CLARA – Internet2 already underway:
– Identify principal areas of scientific collaboration
between US and CLARA countries, which require
advanced networking:
• astronomy
• earth sciences
• health sciences
• high energy physics
• life sciences
– Suggest specific investment in shared infrastructure
as an efficient means of attaining sectorial project
goals
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Conclusion
• International cooperation (through AmPath and CLARA)
has repercussions:
– provides valuable opportunities for academic user
community in LA to collaborate with peer groups in
other countries
– permits the acquiring and diffusion of experience in
advanced networking technologies, often absent in
LA countries
– permits effective attainment of connectivity goals
through shared support of common infrastructure
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Acknowledgements and
references
• With thanks to many colleagues from both Europe and
Latin America, too many all to be mentioned here
individually. Most of the LA maps are by Florencio
Utreras, from REUNA (Chile).
• ALICE website:
www.dante.net/alice
• ALICE brochure (in English, Spanish and Portuguese):
www.dante.net/alice/ALICEbrochure.pdf
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