Transcript From the Crusades to New Muslim Empires

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You see pieces of paper/cardboard on
the floor
You are divided into 3 teams
You will win by acquiring “territory” –
some part of your body must be touching
the “territory”
You MAY NOT push, shove or grab one
another or move the territory.
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Line up along the sides of the room
All territory is worth 5 points. Only Green
team members may occupy the white territory.
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All territory is worth 5 points. Only Red and
Green team members may occupy the white
territory.
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All territory is worth 5 points
All teams may occupy the white terriotry
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White territory is worth 20 points
All other territory is worth 5 points
All teams may occupy the white territory
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White territory is worth 50 points.
All other territory is worth 5 points
The Red team earns points only if they are the
only team to occupy the white territory.
Other teams may lay claim to it if they have at
least four team members touching the white
territory.
All bets are off – you can do whatever you
need to win
Get with your group and create a strategy to
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Due to the fact that someone
may get hurt!
1. What reasons does the Pope give for fighting for
Jerusalem? What arguments does he use to persuade his
listeners to go on a Crusade?
2. What reasons does Saladin give for retaking
Jerusalem? What arguments does he use to inspire his
listeners?
3. What are the similarities and differences between the
arguments the Pope and Saladin use to persuade their
listeners?
4. What impressions do these speeches give you about
the Crusades? What ideas do the speeches give you
about the purposes of the people who fought during the
Crusades?
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How did it feel to play this game?
Green team, how did it feel to occupy the
white territory?
Were your plans in Round 5 justified?
Can you think of any time in history
when one piece of territory has been
considered more important or more
desirable than any other and has caused
competition and conflict?
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Crusade – series of religious wars launched against
Muslims by European Christians
Purpose was to gain control of Palestine – area
between Egypt and Syria – ancient homeland of Jews
and where Jesus lived – Holy Land
11th century Palestine came under rule of Muslims –
Seljuk Turks
This alarmed the Byzantine emperor and asked Pope
Urban II for help – Pope called on Christians to go on
a crusade
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Muslims were not only targets of crusades –
Jews were victims too
In this chapter you will:
Read the story of the crusades
 Explore the impact of these wars on Christians,
Muslims and Jews
 Learn how the Muslim empires arose after the
crusades and how Islam continued to spread to
new parts of the world.
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PAGE 67 OF YOUR ISN
Classroom Competition
Over Territory
•There were three teams in
the game.
•One piece of Territory was
White
•Each team developed
plans to control all of the
white territory.
Historic Competition
Over Jerusalem
PAGE 67 OF YOUR ISN
Classroom Competition
Over Territory
Historic Competition
Over Jerusalem
•There were three teams in
the game.
Members of three faiths lived in the Holy
Land, Jews, Christians and Muslims
•One piece of Territory was
White
One City, Jerusalem, was important to
people of all three faiths
Each team developed
plans to control all of the
white territory.
•European Christians tried to seize
control of Jerusalem and the rest of
Palestine. This led to a series of
religious wars.
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Look at the graphic organizer on page 119
What do you see?
What region does the map show?
Where is Europe?
Where is Jerusalem in relationship to Europe?
How can a map tell a story?
What story might this map tell?
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Read 11.2 and 11.3 and complete page 68
in your ISN
Why did European Christians begin going on
Crusades at the end of the 11th Century?
Jerusalem
1. 11th Century: Seljuk Turks create new Muslim Dynasty in Central Asia.
Why did European Christians begin going on
Crusades at the end of the 11th Century?
Jerusalem
2. Seljuks expand territory west of Syria/Palestine and Anatolia (Byzantine Emp).
1. 11th Century: Seljuk Turks create new Muslim Dynasty in Central Asia.
Why did European Christians begin going on
Crusades at the end of the 11th Century?
Jerusalem
3. Expansion worries Christians in Europe about the Holy Lands and Jerusalem.
2. Seljuks expand territory west of Syria/Palestine and Anatolia (Byzantine Emp).
1. 11th Century: Seljuk Turks create new Muslim Dynasty in Central Asia.
Why did European Christians begin going on
Crusades at the end of the 11th Century?
Jerusalem
4. Safety of Jerusalem and Palestine suffers; pilgrimages are no longer safe.
3. Expansion worries Christians in Europe about the Holy Lands and Jerusalem.
2. Seljuks expand territory west of Syria/Palestine and Anatolia (Byzantine Emp).
1. 11th Century: Seljuk Turks create new Muslim Dynasty in Central Asia.
Why did European Christians begin going on
Crusades at the end of the 11th Century?
Jerusalem
5. Palestine falls to Seljuks. Impossible to travel there safely (robbery, killing)
4. Safety of Jerusalem and Palestine suffers; pilgrimages are no longer safe.
3. Expansion worries Christians in Europe about the Holy Lands and Jerusalem.
2. Seljuks expand territory west of Syria/Palestine and Anatolia (Byzantine Emp).
1. 11th Century: Seljuk Turks create new Muslim Dynasty in Central Asia.
Why did European Christians begin going on
Crusades at the end of the 11th Century?
5. Palestine falls to Seljuks. Impossible to travel there safely (robbery, killing)
4. Safety of Jerusalem and Palestine suffers; pilgrimages are no longer safe.
3. Expansion worries Christians in Europe about the Holy Lands and Jerusalem.
2. Seljuks expand territory west of Syria/Palestine and Anatolia (Byzantine Emp).
1. 11th Century: Seljuk Turks create new Muslim Dynasty in Central Asia.
Jerusalem
6. All events pave way for Crusades. Christians: War will end Muslim expansion.
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Response to threat posed by Seljuks
Pope called Christians to help protect the
Holy Land – promised entry into Heaven
French speaking nobles organized armies to
join the fight – trained knights, townspeople
and peasants
Many wore red crosses – many joined for
money and trade and to gain estates in the
Holy Land
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Four Nobles led the 1st crusade
30,000 crusaders fought through Anatolia to
Palestine
June 1098 laid siege to Antioch- Antioch fell
to the Christians
Next June (1099) the city surrendered
Victors massacred Muslims and Jews –
survivors were sold into slavery
Some crusaders stayed – Palestine, Syria,
Lebanon and Turkey
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First victory owed to lack of Muslim unity
1144 Muslims captured Edessa, Crusader
capital – Christians start 2nd Crusade
Ended in failure
German army beaten
French army – beaten at Damascus and
marched home
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Muslims began to unite and came under
same leadership
Salah al-Din, Called Saladin, formed largest
Muslim empire since Seljuks – united Egypt,
Syria and lands to the east
Took back most of Palestine -1187
Captured Jerusalem – did not kill prisoners,
either sold for ransom or slavery
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King Richard I of England led fight against
Salah al-Din
Richard captured Palestinian town of Acre
Wanted to exchange prisoners, Richard
thought Salah al-Din was taking too long so
killed his Muslim prisoners
Signed a peace treaty in 1192
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Continued for 100 years
1212 tens of thousands of peasant children
from France and Germany marched in a
“Children’s Crusade”
Few reached the Holy Land
None succeeded in recapturing Jerusalem
Muslims gained back land they lost
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Christians launched to retake the Iberian
Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) from
Muslims
Christian leaders slowly took Muslim lands
from them
By 1248 only a small amount of land
remained Muslim
Many Jews and Muslims remained in
Christian controlled lands
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1400s Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand
wanted to unite Spain
Inquisition – church court
Used against Muslims and Jews
Harsh to people who thought were practicing
their old religion
170,000 Jews left Spain – didn’t want to
become Catholic
Spain got rid of remaining Muslims and
Jews
1st
1096- Started by the
Christians
1099
fearful over
C.E.
Jerusalem.
Christians win, take
over Jerusalem.
2nd
11461148
C.E.
Muslims defeat
Germans and French
into retreat, retake lands lost in 1st
Crusade.
Muslims band
together and
fight off
Christians.
Unhappy, they
start another
one.
3rd
11891192
C.E.
Muslims, banded
together again,
Europe enraged,
begin 3rd Crusade.
After 1192 peace
treaty, Christians
keep cities along the
coast of Palestine.
Muslims allow
Christian pilgrims to
enter Jerusalem.
Elements of the 3rd
Crusade still present
today.
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Christians suffered terrible effects of the
war
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Wounded or killed and battles or died from disease or
hardship of travel
Economic changes – need to pay for suplies,
increased use of money in Europe, knights
perform banking functions, Kings started
taxing
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Society – monarchs grew more powerful as
nobles and knights left home – helped to
end feudalism
Contact with Eastern Cultures – learned
about new foods and other goods, dressed in
clothes made of muslin – cotton fabric
Developed a taste for melons, apricots and
other foods
Spices
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Muslims lost lands and did not gain as much
as Christians
Many Muslims lost their lives and Muslim
property was destroyed
Gained exposure to new weapons and
adopted a standing army
Earned riches from trade
Muslims politically started banding together
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You will be given a group
Each group gets
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Preparing for a Historical Symposium on the Crusades
handout
Historical Figure
Mask
Each person gets Matrix of Historical Figures
You will use these biographies and 11.4-11.6
to bring to life a prominent crusades-era
figure for the symposium
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In your group:
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Assign Roles: Public Relations Agent, Actor, Historian,
and Production Designer
You may have 1 person doing 2 roles or 2 people filling 1
role depending on how many are in your group
Read the bio information on your character
Use 11.4-11.6 Guided Reading to help you as
well
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Jews suffered greatly
Were slaughtered and some became slaves
Worsened the lives of Jews
Murdered whole communities
Destroyed Synagogues and holy books
Tried to make them accept Christianity
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Anti-Semitism – prejudice against Jews
Jews could not hold public office
Their businesses were taken by the
Christians
Jews were forced to be segregated and live
in crowded neighborhoods called ghettos –
walled or gated areas of town
DESCRIBE THIS FIGURES CRUSADE EXPERIENCE.
WHAT RELIGION IS THIS FIGURE?
Richard I Christian. Taxed people heavily. Ruthless and brave.
Courage and honor.
Anna
Christian. Respected Crusaders as Christians but
Comnena thought they were dangerous. Wondered if they were
truly fighting for God – thought some just wanted
wealth, land and glory
Salah al- Muslim. Leader during Crusades. Organized Muslims
Din
– fair and strong leader. Courtesy and militarily skilled
DESCRIBE THIS FIGURES CRUSADE
EXPERIENCE. WHAT RELIGION IS THIS
FIGURE?
Usamah ibnMunquidh
Elieer ben
Nathan
Eleazar ben
Judah
Muslim. Respected others for faith in one God but
thought it was his duty to fight against them. Wrote a
valuable account of the crusades from Muslim point of
view.
Jewish. Community destroyed. Jews killed themselves
rather than give up religion. Hated crusaders
Jewish. Lived in Germany. Wife and 3 children were
killed – preached for love of all humanity but wondered
if the Jewish would survive Europe
Empire
Founded Ended
Location
(pres.)
Mongol
Rule
Mid
Mid
1200s 1300s
Persia
Mongolia
China
Arabia
Ottoman
Safavid
Mughal
Interesting Fact
Add as best you
can to your map
on page 69 ISN!
Mongol Rule
Ottoman Empire
Safavid Empire
Mughal Empire
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1. How large was the Ottoman Empire?
2. What places did the Ottoman Empire conquer?
3. How and why did the Ottomans used millets to
rule their empire?
4. Where did the Safavids rule?
5. How were they different from the Ottomans?
6. Where was the Mughal Empire located?
7. Based on your studies in 6th grade, what religious
group competed with Islam in India under the
Mughals and after?
8. What countries and continents were affected by
the spread of Islam by 1700?