Transcript Chapter 20 Section 1 - Warren County Schools

BELL RINGER:
Read Section 2 Handout
 In your notes...
 1. Rank three motives for exploration in terms of how
influential you think each was in the Age of
Exploration
 2. List four of the advances that allowed for easier
exploration during this time. Provide an explanation of
each advance.
Section 2: Reading Check
 1. Motives for exploration...
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desire to find new trade routes to Asia
excitement over the opportunity for new knowledge
chance to earn fame and glory
chance for adventure
the desire to claim new lands’ riches and wealth
to spread Christianity.
Section 2: Reading Check
 2. Advances...
 Cartography: Improved mapmaking led to
more accurate maps, which helped
explorers by making navigation easier.
 Ship design: Improved ship design, such as
new caravels, improved navigation and the
ability to explore along coastlines.
 Compass and astrolabe: Improved compass
and astrolabe gave more accurate direction
and distance measurements, and helped
sailors travel more safely on the open seas.
 Weapons: Weapons using gunpowder and
steel swords gave Europeans a huge
military advantage over native peoples.
Objective
 Analyze the voyages of Columbus and other Spanish
explorers and the Spanish colonization of the
Americas
Christopher Columbus
 Genoese Sea Captain
 Searching for a new trade route
to Asia
 Sailed for Spain – August 3,
1492
 “Tierra Tierra”
October 12, 1492
 Los indios
 Claims the island for Spain

San Salvador
 Page 553, Columbus’ journal
“It was my wish to bypass no island
without taking possession”
What was the main goal of
explorers?
 A. To find a trade route around the world
 B. To reach the Pacific Ocean
 C. To abolish indigenous peoples
 D. To find new sources of wealth
 A. To find a trade route around the world
 B. To reach the Pacific Ocean
 C. To abolish indigenous peoples
 D. To find new sources of wealth
Christopher Columbus
 Interested in finding
GOLD
 Spanish monarchs funded
three more explorations
 Spanish Goal: transform
Caribbean islands into
colonies (lands controlled
by another nation)
What did Spanish exploration and
colonization of the New World lead to?
 A. Spanish colonization of Canada
 B. Finding trade routes to Asia
 C. Other European explorers sailed across the Atlantic
 D. Other European nations decide to explore Asia
 A. Spanish colonization of Canada
 B. Finding trade routes to Asia
 C. Other European explorers sailed across the Atlantic
 D. Other European nations decide to explore Asia
Pedro Alvares Cabral
 Portuguese
 Brazil, 1500 – claimed land
for Portugal
Amerigo Vespucci
 Italian but sailing for
Portugal (1501)
 Sailed along East
Coast of South
America
 Declared it was a
“New World”!
 Named “America” in
honor of him
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
 Hijacked a ship
 Marched through
modern day Panama
 1st European to see
Pacific Ocean
Ferdinand Magellan
 Spanish funding $$
 Started with: 250 men, 5 ships
 Sailed around Southern tip of
South America (Cape Horn)
 Explored Pacific, 1519
 Philippines
 Killed in local civil war
 Crew members – 1st to sail around
the world
 (1522) Ended with: 18 men, 1
ship
What was the significance
of Magellan’s voyage?
 A. Spanish colonization of Chile
 B. First voyage around the globe
 C. Interactive with natives of the Philippines
 D. First voyage around Cape Horn
What was the significance
of Magellan’s voyage?
 A. Spanish colonization of Chile
 B. First voyage around the globe
 C. Interactive with natives of the Philippines
 D. First voyage around Cape Horn
Spanish Conquest in Mexico
Hernando Cortes
Spanish conquistador (Spanish
explorers/conquerors)
 Mexico
 1st European settlers in
America
 Significantly impacted the
culture in the regions they
colonized
 Aztec (Tenochtitlan)
 Fighting between Spanish and
Aztecs...Spanish outnumbered
but still defeated Aztecs (1521)
“Disease of the heart that only gold can
cure”
How did Cortes defeat the
Aztecs in 1521?
1. Superior weaponry
2. help from other natives
3. disease (killed hundreds of
thousands)
Interpreting the Map
 PAGE 555
 Question 1 and 2
Spanish Conquest in Peru
Francisco Pizarro
 1532 – conquered the
Incan Empire, Peru
 Atahualpa, Incan ruler,
had a large army...but met
the Spanish unarmed and
was captured.
 Offered Pizarro loads of
gold
 Peninsulares – Spanish explorers/settlers in the
Americas
 Mestizo – mixed Spanish and Native population
 Encomienda – forced labor of Natives
 Brazil, 1530, Portugal – sugar plantations
 16th Century Spain – richest, most powerful in Europe
 Increased military
 Conquistadors push North
Juan Ponce de Leon
 1513
 Florida
Francisco Vaquez de
Coronado
 Explores southwestern North
America
 Arizona, New Mexico,
Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas
 Goal: to Christianize
 Set up colony in New
Mexico – scattered with
missionaries, forts, and small
ranches
 Headquarters for advancing
the Catholic Religion
Opposition
 Priests spoke out against harsh treatment of natives
 Encomienda system abolished 1542
 Natives resist
 1st – against Columbus, St. Croix
 New Mexico
 1680 – Pueblo native forces of 8,000 pushed Spanish out
of New Mexico for 12 years
 New issue: Other Europeans were beginning to
colonize
What did Spanish exploration and
colonization of the New World eventually
lead to?
 Sparked other European explorers to sail across the
Atlantic in search of new lands to claim
Answer the following
questions:
 1. Reread the primary source on page 553. How might
Columbus’s view of the Taino have led the Spanish to
think they could take advantage of and impose their
will on the natives?
 2. Why were most of the Spanish explorers drawn to
the Americas?