Transcript Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections

USING THE FOLLOWING WORDS WRITE A
QUICKWRITE ABOUT WHAT YOU LEARNED
YESTERDAY
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Melaka
Marco Polo
Ibn Battuta
Raban Sauma
Sufis Missionaries
Christian Missionaries
Cross Cultural Exchanges
Gunpowder
Bubonic Plague
Ming China
Transoceanic Encounters and
Global Connections
Chapter 22
1. Reasons for exploration
3.Reason for new trade routes.
4.Importance of Christianity
• Portuguese explorers
Wanted to exploit &
New lands
• Voyages led to the
Establishment of
Plantations on more
Southernly Atlantic Islands
• Another goal was to
Establish maritime trade
Routes to the markets of
Asia.
• Finding direct routes meant
Elimination of Muslim
Intermediaries, giving Europeans
More profits
• Also looked for more direct
Access to markets, trying again
To avoid Muslim
2. Portuguese exploration led to what?
• The goal of expanding
Christianity also motivated
Europeans into the larger
World.
• Persuasion or Violence
Were ways of spreading the
Faith
• Prince Henry the Navigator
Promoted Christianity in Africa
• Justified and reinforced
Material motives.
6.Volta do Mar
• Different types of sails
Allowed for better forms
Of navigation
• Square sails, triangular
Lateen sails
• Important
Navigational instruments
Include the astrolabe
And compass
5.Navigational tools
• Determined navigational
Possibilities.
• Took advantage of prevailing
Winds and currents to sail to almost
Any part of the earth
• Volta do Mar- sailing around
The contrary winds
• Faster, safer, easier, and reliable
7.Bartolomeu Dias
• Prince Henry of Portugal:
Moroccan ports of Ceuta,
Voyages down W. Africa
• Bartolomeu Dias: rounded
Cape of Good and Indian
Ocean and turned back
• Route to Indian Ocean
Gave merchants opportunity
To buy silk, spices and pepper
At source
• Made it all the way
Into the India Ocean
• Est. trading post at
Calicut in the Indian
Ocean Basin
• English & Dutch
Followed Portuguese
Into the Indian Ocean
Basin
8.Vasco de Gama
• Argued that sailing west
Would be closer, profitable,
• Sponsored by Italian
Bankers and Ferdinand &
Isabel
• San Salvador, Taino
“Indians”
• Columbus’ voyage est links
Between eastern & western
Hemispheres
• Conquest, settlement,
exploitation
• Felt Asian markets
Were close to west
Coast of Americas
• First to circumnavigate the world-going
Across the world
9.Ferdinand Magellan
10.Circumnavigation
11.Exploration
of the Pacific
• Took 3 centuries
to
Chart the features of
The Pacific did not
Provide much trade
• English explorers
Searched for northwest
Passage from Europe to
Asia
• Led many expeditions
Through the Pacific
• Had many interactions
With Polynesian islands
And peoples (Hawaii, Tahiti,
Conga)
12.James Cook
17.Trading companies of the Dutch
18.Trading companies of the English
14.Afonso d’Albuquerque
• Portuguese mariners didn’t
Want to conquer territories
But to control trade routes by
Having others pay duties.
• Afonso d’Alboquerque wanted
Merchant ships to purchase safeConduct passes
• Didn’t have enough forces to
enforce Commanders orders
13.Portuguese trading posts
15.Dutch trading posts
16.British trading posts
• Built trading posts
On Asian coasts
• English focused most
Trading posts on India
Dutch in Cape Town and
Southern Africa
• English and Dutch
Sailed faster, cheaper,
More powerful ships
• Created joint stock
companies
• English East Indian
Company & United
East India Company
Aka VOC
• Gov’t support but
Are privately owned
• Charters could:
Buy, sell, build and make
War
• Early global network
Of trade.
• 1565 Legazpi lands in
Philippines
• Philippines has no central
Gov’t
• Spanish forces controlled
Coastal regions
• Multi-cultural port
City
• Hub of Spanish
Commercial activity
• Goal also to spread
Christianity
19.Manila
• Controlled by Dutch
Mariners
• Wanted to control
Spice trade in the area
21.Indigenous Peoples of Siberia
• Russian acquisitions in
Northeastern Eurasia
• Lucrative commodity was
fur
20.Siberia
• 26 major ethnic groups
• Russian adventurers
Wanted tribute from groups
• Raided and took them for
hostage
• Russian gov’t begin to see
Importance of “small peoples”
And begin to protect them
For their benefit
• Tried to push Christianity
On indigenous people.
• Those who were
a part of Siberia included
Social misfits, criminals,
POWs
• Dutch Vessels
Prominent in the Indian
Ocean & controlled spice
Trade
• English and French were
Dominant carriers in the
Indian Ocean
• Commercial conflict led to
Conflict in the Caribbean &
Americas.
• Constant fight in the area
• Global conflict:
Europe, India, Caribbean,
North America
• Laid foundation for
• 150 years of British
Imperial hegemony
• Merged w/conflict
During French & Indian
War
22. 7 years war
• British begin to take
Over areas all over the world
(India, Canada, Caribbean
)
• Altered world’s human
Geography and natural
Environment
• Disease brought sharp
Demographic loss to
Indigenous peoples of the
Americas
• Smallpox, measles, flu
• Epidemics destroyed
Societies
• Worst demographic
Calamity the world had
Seen in W. History.
23. Colombian exchange
• Eurasia West: wheat, rice
Sugar, bananas, apples, cherries
Peaches
• EuropeWest: dairy, horses,
Cattle, pigs
• AmericaEurasia/Europe/AFRICA:
Maize, potatoes, beans, peppers,
Papayas, avocado
Population Growth and Migration
• Plants and animals fueled a surge in world population
• Population growth due to increased nutritional value
Of diets
• Also spread the human populations voluntarily and
Involuntarily
• Triangular Trade
24.Colombian exchange effects
• Emergence of global
Trading system
29.Triangular Trade
• Manila and Philippines
And Acapulco on the West
Coast
• Exchanges between
Mexico and Asia
• Many animals
Came close to extinction
• World became
Exploited by humans
For its natural and
Agricultural resources