Transcript Semester 4 final exam REVIEW

Semester 4 final exam
REVIEW
2011
STP

What does STP and RSTP stand for



On what device does STP operate?


SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL
RAPID SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL
SWITCHES
What is the difference between the
two?


SPANNING TREE CAN TAKE UP TO
50 SECONDS
RSTP CAN BE ACTIVE IN ONE
SECOND
ACL’s

WHERE SHOULD BE STANDARD ACL’S
BE PLACED?



WHERE SHOULD EXTENDED ACL’S BE
PLACED?


CLOSE TO THE DESTINATION
BECAUSE YOU CAN’T SPECIFY THE
DESTINATION
AS CLOSE TO THE SOURCE AS POSSIBLE
SO YOU WON’T HAVE MORE TRAFFIC ON
THE NETWORK THAN NECESSARY
WHY MUST YOU ENTER ALL THE
STATEMENTS INTO AN ACL AT ONE
TIME?

OTHERWISE THE NEW STATEMENTS GET
ADDED TO THE END, WHICH MIGHT NOT BE
THE RIGHT PLACE FOR THEM
HIERARCHICAL LAYERS

WHAT ARE THE THREE LAYERS?




WHAT KIND OF DEVICES ARE
PLACED IN THE DISTRIBUTION
LAYER?


CORE
DISTRIBUTION
ACCESS
ROUTERS/FIREWALLS
WHAT KIND OF DEVICES ARE
PLACE IN THE ACCESS LAYER?

USER COMPUTERS, IP PHONES,
WORK GROUP SWITCHES
IDS AND IPS

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN IDS AND IPS?
IDS IS NOT PROACTIVE,
NOTIFIES MANAGEMENT
THERE MAY BE A PROBLEM
 IPS IS PROACTIVE…SENDS
REPORT TO MANAGEMENT
AND BLOCKS IMMEDIATELY

WIRELESS

WHAT IS AN SSID?


WHY SHOULD YOU BROADCAST THE
SSID?


SO YOUR USERS CAN FIND IT
WHY WOULD YOU NOT BROADCAST
THE SSID?


THE WIRELESS NETWORK THAT YOU ARE
USING
WHEN YOU DON’T WANT USERS ON IT
WHY SHOULD YOU DO A WIRELESS
SURVEY BEFORE YOU DEPLOY A NEW
NETWORK?

IT WILL FIND THE OPTIMAL NUMBER AND
PLACEMENT OF ACCESS POINTS
NETWORK BASELINE

WHAT IS A NETWORK
BASELINE?

POINT OF REFERENCE FOR
FUTURE NETWORK
EVALUATIONS. IT IS A
HEALTHY NETWORK
NETWORK JOBS

THIS PERSON ANALYZES CUSTOMER
GOALS TO SELECT THE
TECHNOLOGIES AND EQUIPMENT
NEEDED AND DRAW NETWORK MAPS


THIS PERSON IS THE TECHNICAL
EXPERTISE WHILE DECIDING WHAT
UPGRADES TO DO


NETWORK DESIGNER
PRESALES ENGINEER
THIS PERSON IS THE MAIN CONTACT
AND COMMUNICATES IN MEETINGS,
EMAILS, AND ON THE PHONE

ACCOUNT MANAGER
NETWORK JOBS

THIS PERSON PROVIDES
TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND
TRAINING AFTER DEPLOYING
THE SOLUTION


WHAT IS SNMP


POST SALES FIELD ENGINEER
SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMENT
PROTOCOL
WHAT IS IT USED FOR?


TO MONITOR THE NETWORK
PERFORMANCE OF A ROUTER AND
OTHER NETWORKING EQUIPMENT.
MONITORS WHAT PROTOCOLS ARE
BEING USED
IP ROUTE
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WHAT DOES A C SIGNIFY IN
A SHOW IP ROUTE?



WHAT DOES THE 120 MEAN
IN THE FOLLOWING MEAN?
192.168.4.0/24 [120/1]
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
DIRECTLY CONNECTED ROUTE
ADMINISTRATIVE DISTANCE OF
RIP
WHAT DOES THE /1 MEAN

METRICS
IP ROUTE

WHAT DOES AN R SIGNIFY IN A
SHOW IP ROUTE?


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RIP ROUTING IS USED
WHAT DOES THE SERIAL 0/0/0
MEAN IN THE FOLLOWING?
192.168.4.0/24 [120/1] via
192.168.3.2, 00:00:19, serial 0/0/0

THE ROUTER INTERFACE THAT
192.168.4.0 WILL SEND TO
SHOW VERSION

WHY DO WE USE SHOW VERSION
COMMANDS?


DOES IT SHOW INTERFACES THAT ARE
ATTACHED?


YES
SO IF YOU DIDN’T PUT THE WIC IN
PROPERLY THAT YOU INSTALLED,
WOULD IT SHOW UP IN A SHOW
VERSION?


SHOWS THE IOS
NO
IF YOU WANT TO ADD A FOUR-PORT
SWITCH MODULE TO A CURRENTLY
BEING USED 1841 ROUTER, WHAT
SHOULD YOU DO FIRST?

TURN IT OFF
SHOW CDP NEIGHBORS
DETAIL

WHAT IS SHOW CDP NEIGHBORS
DETAIL USED FOR?


DOES IT SHOW SWITCHES THAT
ARE ATTACHED?


SHOWS THE DIRECTLY CONNECTED
NEIGHBORS
YES
CAN YOU TELL THE SWITCH
PORT YOUR ROUTER IS
ATTACHED TO ?

YES
COPYING IPS FROM A TFTP
SERVER

WHAT SHOULD YOU DO BEFORE
DOWNLOAD A NEW IOS?


WHAT INFORMATION DO YOU
NEED TO KNOW?


BE SURE YOU ARE CONNECTED
FILE NAME AND IP ADDRESS
WHAT DOES mz SIGNIFY IN A IOS
NAME ?

FILE FORMAT
QUALITY OF SERVICE
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WHAT IS QoS?


WHAT DOES IT DO?


QUALITY OF SERVICE
PRIORITIZES NETWORK
TRAFFIC
How does QoS help implement
a VoIP solution?

REDUCES INTERRUPTIONS IN
COMMUNICATION
IP PHONES

IS IP TRAFFIC UDP OR TCP?


WHY SHOULD YOU USE VLANs
WITH IP TRAFFIC?
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UDP—SO IT DOESN’T LAG
TO SEPARATE VOICE FROM DATA
TRAFFIC (HELPS WITH
PRIORITIZATION)
WHAT IS A VOICE GATEWAY?


ROUTER THAT CONNECTS
TRADITONAL ANALOG PHONE TO AN
IP NETWORK
IT CONVERTS THE IP PACKETS
BETWEEN ANALOG AND DIGITAL
ROUTER SECURITY

WHAT CAN YOU DO TO
IMPROVE SECURITY ON A
ROUTER TO KEEP PEOPLE
FROM LOGGING IN WHO
SHOULDN’T HAVE ACCESS?
PASSWORDS
 SET TIMEOUTS ON VTY, AUX
AND CONSOLE PORTS
 TURN OFF UNNECESSARY
SERVICES

FRAME RELAY

WHAT ARE SOME GOOD THINGS ABOUT FRAME
RELAY




IF YOUR ROUTER DOESN’T SUPPORT INVERSE ARP,
WHAT COMMAND MUST YOU ENTER?


LAYE
THIS NUMBER IS SAID TO BE LOCALLY SIGNIFICANT
ONLY…MEANING IT CAN HAVE A DIFFERENT NUMBER
ON THE OTHER CONNECTION. WHAT IS IT?


FRAME-RELAY MAP IP COMMAND
FRAME RELAY USES DLCIs, WHAT LAYER ADDRESS IS
THIS?


FLEXIBLE BANDWIDTH
SIMULTANEOUS CONNECTIVITY TO REMOTE SITES
NOT TERRIBLE EXPENSIVE
DLCI
HOW DO YOU SET UP 3 SEPARATE POINT-TO-POINT
SUBINTERFACES ON A FRAME-RELAY LINK?


DON’T ENTER AN IP FOR THE INTERFACE
ENTER A DIFFERENT IP ADDRESS FOR EACH OF THE
SUBINTERFACES
PPP

CHAP IS SAID TO BE WHAT KIND OF
AUTHENTICATION?


WHAT USERNAME AND PASSWORD DO YOU USE
WITH CHAP?


IT IS A CHALLENGE HANDSHAKE AND THE
PASSWORDS ARE NOT PASSED IN CLEAR TEXT
DO BOTH SIDES OF THE SERIAL LINK NEED TO
BE USING THE SAME ENCAPSULATION TO
WORK?


THE USERNAME AND PASSWORD OF THE ROUTER
YOU ARE CONNECTING TO
WHY IS CHAP BETTER THAN PAP?


A THREE WAY HANDSHAKE
YES
WHAT IS THE DEFAULT ENCAPSULATION?

HDLC
ROUTE SUMMARIZATION
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IS IT ON BY DEFAULT?

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WHY COULD THAT BE A PROBLEM?

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YES
COULD SUMMARIZE WHEN YOU DON’T WANT IT TO
SUMMARIZE THESE NETWORKS INTO ONE
NETWORK
192.168.12.0/24
192.168.13.0/24
192.168.14.0/24
192.168.15.0/24

192.168.12.0/22
EIGRP

WHAT IS AN ADVANTANGE OF EIGRP?



WHAT DOES IT USE TO MAKE IT’S ROUTE
DECISIONS?

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FASTEST CONNECTION (not hops)
SOUNDS LIKE A GREAT ROUTING PROTOCOL.
ARE THERE DISADVANTAGES OF USING EIGRP?


SUPPORTS VLSM AND CIDR
CAN DO UNEQUAL COST LOAD BALANCING
BETWEEN ROUTERS
ONLY WORKS ON CISCO ROUTERS
WHAT IS THE VARIANCE 5 COMMAND USED
FOR?

IT ENABLES UNEQUAL COST LOAD BALANCING ON
5 ROUTES
VLSM

WHAT IS VLSM?


WHAT DOES IT MEAN?


/23 255.255.254.0
IN A NETWORK, WHAT MASK WILL GIVE YOU 200
USERS?

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EACH DEPARTMENT CAN HAVE IT’S OWN SUBNET
FOR HOWEVER MANY COMPUTERS IT NEEDS
IN A NETWORK, WHAT MASK WILL GIVE YOU 500
USERS?


VARIABLE LENGTH SUBNETTING MASK
/24 255.255.255.0
WHAT ROUTING PROTOCOLS HANDLE VLSM?

RIPV2, OSPF, EIGRP (BUT ONLY ON CISCO ROUTERS)
IPv6

WHAT IS IPv6?


WHAT ARE SOME VALID ADDRESS?

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FF00::1
0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
2031:0:130F::9C0:876A:130B
(YOU CAN ONLY USE :: ONCE AND IT IS TO
REPLACE ZEROES
WHAT TWO PROCESSES WILL ALLOW NETWORK
ADMINISTRATORS TO TRANSITION EASILY FROM
IPv4 TO IPv6?

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IPVERSION 6 ALLOWS FOR LONGER ADDRESSES
BECAUSE IT USES 128 BIT INSTEAD OF 32
TUNNELING AND DUAL STACK
WHAT DID THE CURRICULUM RECOMMEND YOU
USE TO TEST ADDRESSING SCHEMES FOR
BOTH IPv4 AND IPv6?
NETWORK SIMULATION TOOLS
VPN

WHAT IS IPv6?


WHAT ARE SOME VALID ADDRESS?





IPVERSION 6 ALLOWS FOR LONGER
ADDRESSES BECAUSE IT USES 128 BIT
INSTEAD OF 32
FF00::1
0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
2031:0:130F::9C0:876A:130B
(YOU CAN ONLY USE :: ONCE AND IT IS TO
REPLACE ZEROES
WHAT TWO PROCESSES WILL ALLOW
NETWORK ADMINISTRATORS TO
TRANSITION EASILY FROM IPv4 TO IPv6?

TUNNELING AND DUAL STACK
MISCELLANEOUS

WHAT IS A “FLOATING STATIC ROUTE”


WHY WOULD WE HAVE THEM?


TO BE USED IF ANOTHER ROUTE GOES DOWN
WHAT IS SPLIT TUNNELING USED IN?


STATIC ROUTE THAT HAS AN ad GREATER THAN
THE DYNAMIC ROUTER AD
VPNS
WHAT DOES IT DO?

ALLOWS USER TRAFFIC ON CORPORATE
NETWORK TO USE THE VPN BUT INTERNET
TRAFFIC TO USE THE LOCAL LAN