Transcript Chapter 8 Layer 2 Switching and Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

Chapter 13
Internet Protocol
Version 6 (IPv6)
IPv6
vs. IPv4
►IPv4 offers 2^32 IP address
or 4,294,967,296 IP address
►IPv6 offers 2^128 (3.4x10^38) IP address
or 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456
therefore it supplies (6.65x10^23) or 665,570,793,348,866,943,898,599 for each
square meter on earth.
►IPv6 has built-in security
►IPv6 uses ICMPv6 or NDP (Neighbors Discovery Protocol) on multicast address
of FF02:0:0:0:0:1:FF/104
►IPv6 DOES NOT USE BROADCAST!
IPv6 Expression
Ex1:
►2001:0db8:3c4d:0012:0000:0000:1234:56ab
►http://[2001:0db8:3c4d:0012:0000:0000:1234:56ab]/default.html
►Shortened expression of 2001:0db8:3c4d:0012:0000:0000:1234:56ab is
►2001:db8:3c4d:12:0:0:1234:56ab or
►2001:db8:3c4d:12::1234:56ab
Ex2:
►2001:0000:0000:0012:0000:0000:1234:56ab
►2001::12::1234:56ab
►2001::12:0:0:1234:56ab
Address Types
►Unicast (may use load balancing)
►Global unicast addresses
►Link-local addresses
►Unique local addresses
►Multicast
►Anycast
Special Addresses
►0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
►0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
►0:0:0:0:0:0:192.168.100.1
►2000::/3
►FC00::/7
►FE80::/10
►FF00::/8
►3FFF:FFFF::/32
►2001:0DB8::/32
►2002::/16
0.0.0.0
127.0.0.1
IPv4 in mixed IPv4/IPv6 network
Global unicast
Unique local unicast
Link local unicast
Multicast
Reserved for examples and documentation
Reserved for examples and documentation
6to4 transition system
Configuring Cisco Routers with IPv6
Router(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing
Router(config)#int f0/0
Router(config-if)#ipv6 enable
{link local address}
Router(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:db8:3c4d:1:0260.d6FF.FE73.1987/64
OR
Router(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:db8:3c4d:1::/64 eui-64
MAC is 0060.d673.1987 or
0000 0000 0110 0000 . 1101 0110 0111 0011 . 0001 1001 1000 0111
Autoconfiguration
Stateless x Stateful Addressing
Stateless: Router or stateless DHCP is needed to provide prefix ID of link-local
address to the host, otherwise, the default prefix FE80::/64 is used
Stateful: Stateful DHCP is required to provide addressing to the hosts.
Configuring DHCP for IPv4
Router(config)#ip dhcp ?
excluded-address
Pool
Relay
Prevent DHCP from assigning certain addresses
Configure DHCP address pools
DHCP relay agent parameters
Router(config)#ip dhcp pool Sales_Network
Router(dhcp-config)#?
default-router
Default routers
dns-server
DNS servers
domain-name
Domain name
Exit
Exit from DHCP pool configuration mode
netbios-name-server
NetBIOS (WINS) name servers
Network
Network number and mask
next-server
Next server in boot process
Router(dhcp-config)#network 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0
Router(dhcp-config)#default-router 192.168.10.1
Router(dhcp-config)#exit
Router(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.10.1
Configuring DHCP for IPv6 or DHCPv6
Router(config)#ipv6 dhcp pool ?
WORD
DHCP pool name
Router(config)#ipv6 dhcp pool test
Router(config-dhcp)#?
IPv6 DHCP configuration commands:
Default
Set a command to its defaults
dns-server
DNS servers
domain-name
Domain name to complete unqualified host names
exit
Exit from DHCPv6 configuration mode
no
Negate a command or set its defaults
prefix-delegation IPv6
Prefix delegation
Router(config-dhcp)#dns-server ?
Hostname or X:X:X:X::X
Server’s name or IPv6 address
Router(config-dhcp)#domain-name yahoo.com
Router(config-dhcp)#prefix-delegation ?
X:X:X:X::X/<0-128>
IPv6 x:x::y/<z>
aaa
Acquire prefix from AAA
pool
IPv6 prefix pool
Router(config-dhcp)#prefix-delegation pool ?
WORD
IPv6 prefix pool
Router(config-dhcp)#prefix-delegation pool test ?
lifetime
Configure prefix lifetimes
<cr>
Router(config-dhcp)#prefix-delegation pool test lifetime 3600 3600
For both valid and preferred lifetime is in the range of <60-4294967295> or infinite
Router(config)#int fa 0/0
Router(config-if)#ipv6 dhcp server ?
WORD
Name of IPv6 DHCP pool
Router(config-if)#ipv6 dhcp server test
IPv6 Routing Protocols
1- RIPng (FF02::9)
Router(config-if)#ipv6 rip 1 enable
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#ipv6 router rip 1
Router(config-rtr)#
2- EIGRPv6 (FF02::A)
Router(config)#ipv6 router eigrp 10
Router(config-rtr)#no shutdown
Router(config-rtr)#exit
Router(config)#int f0/0
Router(config-if)#ipv6 eigrp 10
3- OSPFv3 (FF02::5 for OSPF routers and FF02::6 for OSPF-designated routers)
Router(config)#ipv6 router osfp 10
Router(config-rtr)#router-id 10.1.1.1
Router(config-rtr)#exit
Router(config)#int f0/0
Router(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 10 area 0.0.0.0
Viewing IPv6 Routing Protocols
Router#show ipv6 route
Router#sh ipv6 protocols
Router#sh ipv6 rip
Router#sh ipv6 ospf neighbor
Router#debug ipv6 ospf packet
Router#debug ipv6 ospf hello
Migrating to IPv6
1- NAT Protocol Translation (NAT-PT)
►Static IPv6 to IPv4 mapping
►Dynamic IPv6 to IPv4 mapping
►Dynamic (one to many) or Network Address Port Translation (NAPT-PT)
2- Dual Stacking
Router(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing
Router(config)#interface f0/0
Router(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:db8:3c4d:1::/64 eui-64
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0
3- 6to4 tunneling
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#int tunnel 0
Router(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:db8:1:1::1/64
Router(config-if)#tunnel source 192.168.30.1
Router(config-if)#tunnel destination 192.168.40.1
Router(config-if)#tunnel mode ipv6ip