Transcript Exploration2016x

European
Colonial
Expansion
Brainstorming!
EL Protocol: Back to Back, Face to Face!
Discuss with each partner the following
questions about what you remember from
last year about exploration:
1. What countries were involved? (Partner 1)
2. Where did these countries explore? (2)
3. Why did these countries explore? (3)
4. What do you think will happen when the
explorers get to new lands? (what about
natives?) (4)
You have one minute with each partner to
discuss each question!
What Will You
Learn?
By the end of this unit, you will be
able to demonstrate an
understanding of the growth and
impact of global trade on world
civilization in the 1600s – 1700s
(Standard 7-1).
Vocabulary
1. Encomienda
2. Plantation Colony
3. Cash Crop
4. Trade Post Colony
5. Settler Colony
6. Indentured Servants
7. Triangular Trade
8. Mercantilism
9. Merchant
10.Exports
11. Imports
12. Capitalism
13. Market Economy
14. Profit
15. Isolationism
16. Middle Passage
17. Caravel
18. Astrolabe
19. Rudder
20. Compass
Colonial Expansion
Maps:
- What are they used for?
- Why are they important?
- Does the quality of the map
matter (how good it is)? Why?
You will need to use maps to compare the colonial claims and
expansion European powers through1770 (7-1.1).
Learning Activity!
Complete the map of European countries
that expanded their global power during the
1600s-1700s.
Your completed map will:
- Have proper
capitalization and correct
spelling.
- Be shaded
- Be neat
England
France
Portugal
Spain
Netherlands (Dutch)
Map of European Colonial
Expansion
Spanish
Portuguese
French
Dutch
British
Questions:
•Where were European countries colonizing?
•What three countries colonized the largest portions of North
America?
The Americas
Who Came?
The Dutch
(Netherlands/Holland)
The French
(France)
The English (British)
(England)
The Portuguese
(Portugal)
The Spanish
(Spain)
American Colonies
The British, French, Dutch, Spanish
and Portuguese established three
different types of colonies:
- Trade-post colonies
- Plantation colonies
- Settler colonies
The type of colony depended upon the:
- Nation
- Geographic location
- Time period
- The resources available
Vocabulary
Word
Definition
Encomienda
Spanish economic system, where settlers were given
land, and they were in control of that land and the
people on it.
Plantation Colony
Colonies established to grow and sell cash crops
Cash Crop
crops grown in large amounts to sell
Trade Post Colony
Established to encourage commerce (trade)
Settler Colony
Established for permanent
habitation (living)
Indentured Servant
Worked to pay off debts or the cost of traveling to
the Americas
Technological &
Scientific Advances
You will need to be able to explain how
technological and scientific advances:
1. Affected
various parts of the world
politically, socially, and economically.
2.
Contributed to the power of European
nations.
Technology
Quick Questions…
1. How do you think technology impacted exploration
and colonization?
Technological and Scientific advances allowed for
the domination of European countries during the
17th and 18th centuries.
2. What do you think some of these technologies were?
New Technologies:
Maps, compass, astrolabe, caravels, lateen sails,
gunpowder and steel for weapons
Technology
The compass, astrolabe and better maps, all made
navigation easier.
Technology
Caravels and Lateen Sails
– improved the quality of
ships allowing them to sail
longer distances
Superior Weapons – Gunpowder
and steel weapons allowed the
Europeans to conquer natives
Learning Activity!
What it is…
How it helped European nations…
Compass
Astrolabe
Rudder
Caravels
Gunpowder
Caravels are small light ships.
It allowed the Portuguese to go
further and further into the Atlantic
and down the Southern coast of
Africa
Vocabulary
Word
Definition
Mercantilism
The belief that the wealth of a nation depends on its
supply of gold and silver.
Capitalism
An economic system based on the private ownership of
production for the purpose of making a profit.
Import
To bring in goods from a foreign country to sell.
Export
To trade or sell to other nations.
Market Economy
The price for goods are determined by how badly people
wanted them.
Review of
Feudalism
• Used to dominate Europe during the Middle
Ages
• In exchange for land and/or protection people
swore loyalty/service to those who granted
this protection
• People (peasants) were technically free, but
were tied to their lord through land and taxes
• Question: What group profited from this
system?
Review of Feudalism
Beginnings of
Capitalism
• The economy is becoming more complex due to
exploration. Why?
– Colonies provided raw materials, resources and markets
to trade. They opened up international trade.
• European nations developed mercantilism
– They wanted to create a favorable balance of trade
through government control of trade
– (exports > imports)
• Mercantilism allowed nations to build up their gold
and silver (wealth)
• Question: What role did colonies play in
mercantilism?
Middle Class
Increased international trade and mercantilism lead
to the rise of the middle class
• As governments regulated imports and exports
(trade) through mercantilism, it increased the
countries’ wealth
• Trade was conducted through private ownership by
merchants and businessmen
• Thanks to trade and mercantilism, merchants and
business men gained wealth and formed the
“backbone” of the middle class in towns and cities
• This lead to a “market economy”
Market Economy
• With all the new resources available and the rise of
the middle class, Individual citizens create and
control private businesses.
• A market economy is when individual buyers and
sellers interact in the marketplace to exchange
goods and services
Capitalism
• These factors led to creation and
advancement of capitalism:
–
–
–
–
–
Exploration
International trade
Mercantilism
Middle class
Market economy
• Capitalism: economic system
based upon the private ownership
of resources and production that
is driven to make a profit
Political & Economic
influences
You will need to be able to compare the differing ways
that European nations developed political and
economic influences, including trade and settlement
patterns, on the continents of Asia, Africa and the
Americas (7-1.5).
Mapping
• Each student will have a blank map of the
Americas.
• As we progress through this indicator,
students will color and label the different
areas colonized.
• This will give students a visual tool to analyze
colonization in North and South America.
The Americas
North
America
South
America
The SpanishWhy Did They Come?
•
•
Spanish Conquistadors came to the Americas
for the “Three G’s”
The Three G’s
God- They wanted to convert the natives
 Gold- They wanted to get rich
 Glory- They wanted to be famous
• Used Encomienda to enslave natives

- Spanish economic system, where settlers were given land, and they
were in control of that land and the people on it.
•
Established a harsh social class structure
CLASS SYSTEM OF SPANISH AMERICA
PENINSULARES –
Spanish colonists
CREOLESDescendants of original Spanish colonists
MESTIZOS –
Descendants of Spanish colonists and Native Americans
MULATTOS –
Descendants of Spanish colonists and African slaves
The Spanish & The
Portuguese
Discovery of gold and silver
combined with their social class
system allowed the Spanish to
dominate large parts of the
Americas
Both Spanish and Portuguese
mainly established Plantation
Colonies
- Colonies established to grow
and sell cash crops
Grew “cash crops” – crops grown in
large amounts to sell
Plantation colonies were dependent
upon slave labor (Native American &
African)
The Spanish & The
Portuguese
Spain
Portugal
The French &
The Dutch
The Dutch were the first to
colonize and set up trading posts in
South America
- These colonies were not successful
Both French and Dutch established
Trade Post Colonies
• Established to encourage commerce
(trade)
• The French had a good relationship
with the natives and traded furs with
them
• Their colonies were usually set up
along water ways… Why do you think
they did this?
The French &
The Dutch
France
Netherlands
The British
Mainly established Settler Colonies
Established for permanent
habitation (living)
Geographic Location: North America and
the Caribbean
Started for trading, but eventually grew
into cities. For example: Jamestown
Many Europeans, such as the Pilgrims,
came looking to start new lives and gain
religious freedom.
Some of these colonies had plantation
systems which grew crops like tobacco,
rice, indigo and sugar.
These plantations relied on labor of
indentured servants.
The British
England
Your Finished Map
KEY:
England
Spain
Portugal
France
Netherlands (Dutch)
New World Colonies
Ink-Pair-Share Exit Slip Review
Questions
1. What
were the three types of colonies?
2. What nations mainly established them?
3. What were the characteristics of each of the
types?
Africa
You will need to be able to compare the
differing ways that European nations
developed political and economic
influences, including trade and settlement
patterns, on Africa.
Africa
Vocabulary
Word
Definition
Triangle Trade
Slave trade between
Europe, Africa, and the
Americas
European ships brought
slaves from Africa to the
Americas
Middle Passage
Brainstorming!
What interest(s) do you think the
Europeans had in Africa?
Africa
•
•
•
The establishment of colonies in the New
World caused a growing demand for labor
Rather than pay workers, Europeans turned to
slaves for cheap labor
Their superior weapons allowed the
Europeans to enslave Africans
•
•
What superior weapons? (think back to
technology!)
This became know as the slave trade
Triangular Trade
Sugar was sent from the West Indies to Europe
• Manufactured goods were picked up in Europe
• Slaves were picked up from Africa and sent to
England’s colonies to be sold
•
The Slave Trade
•
Slaves were traded across
the Atlantic Ocean to the
American Colonies
•
Conditions were so bad
on the boats that many
Africans didn’t even
make it to the New
World!
•
This was known as the
Middle Passage
The Slave Trade
• Looking at the map,
what region of Africa
(north, south, east, or
west) do you think felt
the greatest impact of
the slave trade?
• Why do you think this
region was impacted
the most?
Western Africa was most impacted by the
slave trade.
Long Term Impact
on Africa
•
The slave trade had a lasting impact on the
development of African nations
•
It mostly affected West African nations – why?
•
Some African nations participated in the slave trade
to either make money or to weaken a rival tribe
•
Most of the young healthy Africans were taken –
Many African nations were weakened
•
There was some resistance to the slave trade by
moving families, buying back captives or through
defense structures
Triangle Trade Simulation
Directions
• In groups, label your route and answer the
questions regarding your role in Triangular
Trade.
– Be prepared to share! Elect a speaker from your
group to explain your answers and one person to
“act out” the route.
• Complete the “Back to Back” Discussion Prep
Questions
“Back to Back” Discussion
• Pick ONE person to pair up with and stand back
to back (this person CANNOT be from your
original group assignment).
• When Ms. Bellucci tells you to, turn around and
discuss Question 1.
• When Ms. Bellucci tells you to, pick a DIFFERENT
person (NOT from your original group) and follow
the same procedures for question 2.
• Do the same thing for Question 3!
Summary
Questions
•
Explain Triangular Trade


•
What regions were involved?
What was traded?
What was the impact of the slave trade on
African nations?
Asia
You will need to compare the differing ways that
European nations developed political and
economic influences, including trade and
settlement patterns, on Asia.
Asia Vocabulary
Word
Definition
Merchant
A buyer and seller of
products/merchandise for
profit
Not getting involved with
other countries
The money that is leftover
when you are done
spending.
Isolationism
Profit
Asia
Brainstorming Question:

Do you think that the interactions between Europeans and
Asians will be the same as it was in Africa and the Americas?
Why or why not?
Asia
•
Asia was distinctly different than Africa and the
Americas
•
Asia had many highly advanced and militarily strong
nations

Why was that different than Africa and the Americas?
•
Europeans and Asians had an association of
“equals” – This lead to mutually beneficial
relationships
•
There was very little European colonization in Asia,
but they did have a presence in Asia
Asia – The
Outcomes
•
Primary Outcome – Global trade patterns
•
•
•
Asian markets and society were now open to European
influence – less isolated
Asian countries became more dependent of European
trade
Secondary Outcome – Effects on Asian society
•
•
Christian Europeans were interacting with non-Christian
Asians (Buddhism, Hinduism, etc…)
Some Asian leaders did not like the effects of the Christian
influence and attempted to close off trade to protect their
cultures.
Summary
Questions
• What were the primary and secondary
outcomes of European and Asian
interactions?
Extra Slides
Learning Task
• Complete your Asian Trading Posts map as
directed using pg 218 in hardcover text.
Key
oEngland
oFrance
oPortugal
oSpain
oNetherlands
(Dutch)
The World
7
1
2
3
No
Notes!
4
5
6
Fill out your agenda:
Name each continent next to the number on your card that
corresponds to the number on the map.
Colonial Expansion
Making Predictions:
Quick Questions…
• What
European countries do you think
were exploring the Americas?
• What do you think these countries were
looking for?
• What do you think they did when they
arrived there?
Learning Task
Create a final European Exploration world map using your previous maps.
Your map should include:
•European Countries Shaded & Labeled
•American Colonies Shaded & Labeled
•Triangle Trade Labeled
•Asian Trade Posts Shaded & Labeled
•A title
•A key (Color code the European countries)