Transcript Procedure-Oriented vs Object-Oriented/Event

Internet Trends
Manitowoc-Two Rivers
Chamber of Commerce
Vision 2011 Symposium
Peter T. Breznay
University of Wisconsin – Green Bay
Outline
The Internet:
What it was
 What it is

– Limitations of the current model
Where it is going
 Economic and social implications

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Internet History
The Internet started as a DoD project
 DoD wanted a network for data exchange
between research sites
 DARPA (Defence Advanced Research
Projects Agency) funded the first network:
ARPAnet
 NSF, Universities, others joined in (NSFNet)
 Commercialized in 1990

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The First Vision of the Internet
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The Internet Today
The Internet is a network of computers
 More precisely a network of networks of
computers
 Consists of the hardware + a set of
protocols
 Main protocol is TCP/IP
 Plus some others

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Internet Physical Layout
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Internet Protocols
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Addressing and Domains
Computers on the network are typically either
servers (e.g. Web Servers) or clients
 Servers are identified by Internet addresses
 Currently 32-bit number
 About 4 billion separate addresses are
available
 Separated into 4 8-bit segments
 Identify domains, leftmost byte is the
broadest

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Domain Name Suffixes
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Internet Next Generation
Current version of TCP/IP is IPv4
 More than 100 countries are on the Internet
 Over 100 million nodes
 Internet address space is running out

– There are assigned but underused domains
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) has
issued the new spec (August 10, 1998, Toronto)
 IPv6 also known as IPng

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IPv4 vs. IPv6
IPv6 will provide

Expanded Routing and Addressing Capabilities
– increases the IP address size from 32 bits to 128 bits

A new type of address called a "anycast address“
– allows nodes to control the path which their traffic
flows

New Header Format
– Although IPng addresses are four times longer than the
IPv4 addresses, the IPng header is only twice the size of
the IPv4 header
– some IPv4 fields are dropped or made optional
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IPv6 Additional Capabilities

Improved Support for Options
– more efficient forwarding
– less stringent limits on the length of options
– greater flexibility for introducing new options

Quality-of-Service Capabilities
– enable the labeling of packets belonging to particular
traffic "flows"

Authentication and Privacy Capabilities
– extensions to provide support for authentication, data
integrity and confidentiality
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Internet Broad Trends
Trend 1:
Continued merging of three major
areas of information technology
Multimedia/entertainment
 Communications
 Computing

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Internet Broad Trends
Trend 2:
Continued increase of speed and
mobility of access
Broadband
 WiFi
 Mobile Telephony
 Bluetooth

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Internet Multimedia

Impacts e-commerce
– Customers who watch videos are 19% percent
more likely to buy than those who just look at
pictures

Video on demand
– Movie industry is moving films from theaters to
DVD and cable
– Download could undermine that
– Movie industry is likely to offer paid download
soon
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Internet Multimedia

MP3 peer to peer model turned to paid
download
– Napster was shut down
– But Apple iTunes (99 ¢/song) is a huge success

New business model experimentations
– ESPN Motion (60-90 second video reports)
– RealOne OpenPass
– Online gaming
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Internet Communications

Chat services impact e-commerce
– Land’s End study: new customers are 70% percent
more likely to buy if they talk to a sales rep via online chat

Traditionally computing devices are
increasingly incremented with communications
capabilities
– PDAs, laptops with mobile internet access

And vice versa
– Mobile phones with built-in browser, PDA, photo
editing
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Internet Computing

Computing power has been going up, price
down
– Moore’s law: number of transistors per silicon chip
doubles every 18 months, is holding up

But computing power is underutilized
– Average server runs at 30% of capacity
– On every 1$ companies spend on computing they
spend $3 on operating costs

New paradigms are needed to better utilize
today’s computing technology
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Internet Computing

Blade computers
– Servers reduced to the size of a legal pad
– Stacked up on shelves
– Reduce operating costs and electricity bill by 25%

Grid computing
–
–
–
–
Works both on the Internet and private networks
Software allocates tasks over the network
Searches for available computing capacity
Same paradigm as the electrical grid but for
computing power
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Internet Computing

Throughput Computing -Sun Microsystems
– Manufacture the capacity of 8 servers on a single
silicon chip
– Ideal for Web servers
– 500 million to 1 billion transistors per chip
– Planned for 2005 in form of a blade server

Flexible computers – TRIPS
– Chip allows itself to be reprogrammed by the server
– E.g. to switch from Web page optimization to an online game optimized arrangement
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Broadband

Crucial to achieve the full commercial potential
of the Internet
– US households with broadband access will jump
40% this year to 25 million
– Customers with broadband buy 30% more online
than narrowband users

Broadband connections are always on
– After signing up for broadband, users spend twothirds more time online (2 hours per day)
– There is talk of the “broadband lifestyle”
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WiFi

IEEE specification for wireless product
interoperability
–
–
–
–
–

IEEE 802.11 (802.11a and 802.11b)
WiFi Alliance certifies products
More than 200 companies and over 900 products
Radio frequency operation
5 GHz for 802.11a, 2.4 GHz for 802.11b
LAWN
– Wireless LAN (a group of specifications)
– Uses 802.11 radio frequency connections among
nodes instead of wires
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Bluetooth

Cable replacement technology
– Initiated by Ericsson (Swedish mobile phone
manufacturer)
– Named after Viking king Harald (liked blueberries)
– Small inexpensive (~$5) radio chip plugged on or
manufactured into any electronic device

Bluetooth use is extended to non-computing
devices
– Mobile phone to printer, printer to printer, mobile
phone to headphone etc.
– Commercial ideas: notifying cargo, refrigerator
ordering food over the Internet etc.
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Economic and Social Implications

Manufacturing is in decline in developed
countries
– Low labor costs in developing countries makes
manufacturing over-expensive

Which urban areas are booming?
– Richard Florida investigated this
– The Rise of the Creative Class
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Economic and Social Implications

Top 10 metropolitan areas in the U.S.
1- San Francisco
2- Austin
3- Boston
3- San Diego (tie)
5- Seattle
6- Raleigh-Durham
7- Houston
8- Washington-Baltimore
9- New York
10- Minneapolis-St. Paul
10- Dallas (tie)
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Economic and Social Implications

Companies follow the workforce not the other
way round
– U.S. population is ageing
– There is a shrinking workforce
– U.S. Census: 50 largest metro areas had fewer
young people (25 to 34 years old) in 2000 than in
1990
– Trend reversed: companies are going where the
educated young adults are not the other way round
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Economic and Social Implications

The decisive factor is the social and cultural
environment
– Young adults appreciate lifestyle over money
– They seek lifestyle, culture and diversity

“Old school” vs. “new school”
– Building football stadiums is old school
– Attracts mostly blue collar classes but those are
shrinking
– Universities, art movie theaters, book shops, cafes,
ethnic restaurants, gay-friendly culture are “new
school”
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