Transcript First Contact

Converging Cultures
 Migration
 Native American
 Africa
 Europe
 Columbian Exchange
 Explain why scientists believe that the earliest
Americans migrated from Asia.
 Summarize the role the agricultural revolution played
in the development of the first civilizations in the
Americas.
 Describe the early civilizations of MesoAmerica and
the early cultures of North America.
 Time
 Archeological techniques
DNA
2. Radiocarbon dating
1.
 Era of time
 Beringia
 nomads
 Agricultural revolution
1.
2.
3.
Maize
Result
Civilization
 MesoAmerican Civilizations
1.
Olmec
a.
b.
2.
3.
4.
1500-1200 BC
Art
Mayan
Toltec
Aztec
a.
b.
Tenochtitlan
Military power
 Spread of agricultural technology
 Hohokam
 Anasazi
1.
2.
3.
“ancient ones”
Kivas
Pueblos
 Adena & Hopewell
 Mississippian
 How do scientists know who the first Americans were
and when and how they came to America?
 How did the agricultural revolution change the
societies of early Americans?
 How did the agricultural technology of MesoAmerica
spread to the North American cultures?
 Differentiate Native American groups in the West
based on their environment.
 Identify which technologies created by the Far North
Indians helped them to adapt to their region.
 Describe the agricultural techniques of the Woodlands
Native Americans.
 Primary factor in shaping Native American culture is
environment
 Southwest
1.
2.
3.
Pueblo people
Long taproot
Kachina cult
 Pacific Coast
1.
2.
3.
Permanent villages
Lumber & fish
Pomo
 Great Plains
1.
2.
3.
Sioux
Horses
“counting coup”
 Inuit & Aluet
 Hunting
 Technologies
1.
2.
3.
4.
Harpoon
Kayak
Dogsled
lamps
 Landscape
 Languages
1.
2.
Algonquian
Iroquoian
 Slash & burn agriculture
 Dwelling
1.
2.
Longhouses
Wigwams
 Wampum
 Iroquois League
1.
2.
Kinship groups
Purpose
 Cherokee
 Creek
1.
2.
Red sticks
White sticks
 How did Native American groups adapt to the
environments of the West?
 How were the Native Americans of the Far North able
to live in their harsh environment?
 How did the Native Americans of the Eastern
Woodlands meet their need for food, shelter, and
clothing?
 Analyze the geographical features of West Africa and
its impact on the development the continent’s
cultures.
 Describe the culture of early West African kingdoms.
 Explain the lifestyles of the Forest and Central African
peoples.
 Evaluate the introduction of inter-slavery to the
African continent
 Commodities
 Sahara
1.
2.
3.
Savannah
Trade
Trans-Sahara travel
 Islam
 Gold
 Location, location, location!
 Ghana
1.
2.
Soninke
exhaustion
 Mali
1.
2.
3.
Malinke
upper Niger river
Mansa Musa and Mansa Sulayman
 Songhai
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Sorko
middle Niger river
Sonni Ali
Askiya Muhammed
Timbuktu
 Yoruba and Edo people
surplus food
2. Oba
3. Portuguese
1.
 Central Kingdoms
1.
2.
3.
Kongo
matrinlineal
Zaire River
 Intra-slavery
1.
2.
captured in war
upward mobility
 Islam
 Gold
 Sugar
1.
2.
3.
climate
manual labor
man stealing
 Why were camels important to the growth of trade




across the Sahara?
Why were the Ghana, Mali, and Songhai empires
wealthy and powerful?
Why were the Yoruba and Edo able to produce a
surplus of food?
What was the basis of many Central African societies?
Contrast how enslaved Africans were treated by other
African tribes and Muslim and European societies.
 Discuss the impact of the Crusades on Europe’s
contact with the Middle East.
 Explain the transfer of goods between Europe and
China and its impact on the global economy.
 Analyze the impact of the Renaissance on European
exploration.
 Describe Portugal’s role in tracing trade routes to Asia.
 Crusades
1.
2.
Pope Urban II
Dark Ages
 Political system
 Economic system
1.
2.
Nobles
Serfs
 Improving economy
1.
2.
3.
1000 a.d.
Innovations
Towns
 Institution of stability and order
 Bringing Western Europeans into contact with Muslim




and Byzantine civilizations of eastern Europe and the
Middle East.
Middle men
Payment
Mongol Empire
Desire for a new route
 Motivation
 Decline of feudalism
1.
2.
3.
Trade
Towns
New social class
 Renaissance
 New technologies
1.
2.
3.
Astrolabe
Lateen sails
caravel
 Henry the Navigator (1419)
 Bartholomeu Dias (1488)
 Vasco da Gama (1497)
 What was feudalism?
 How did the Crusades help change western European
society?
 What political developments and new technologies
made it possible for Europeans to search for a water
route to China?
 How did Henry the Navigator help Portuguese
exploration?
 Describe Viking and Spanish exploration of North
America.
 Summarize Columbus’s journey and their impact on
Native Americans and Europeans.
 Scandinavia
 Longboats
 Leif Ericsson
 Geography (1475)
 Al-Idrisi
 “the end of Spain and the beginning of India are not
far apart… it is known that this sea is navigable in a few
days time with favoring wind.”
 San Salvador Island
 Titles
 Four voyages
1.
2.
Santo Domingo
“died a hopeless and penniless man”
 Treaty of Tordesillas
1.
2.
Line of demarcation
Pope Alexander VI
 Amerigo Vespucci
 Juan Ponce de Leon
 Vasco de Balboa
 Ferdinand Magellan
 Crops
 Animals
 Technology
 Disease
 Who were the first Europeans to explore the
Americas?
 What did Columbus discover on his voyage to the
Americas?
 How was Spain able to officially claim the Americas?
 What kinds of interchanges were part of the
Columbian Exchange?