Transcript - Northfield Elementary

Created by Brittany Ensminger
TN Social Studies
4.4 Trace the routes of early explorers and describe
the early explorations of the Americas including:
Christopher Columbus
Ferdinand Magellan
Amerigo Vespucci
Robert de La Salle
Hernando de Soto
Henry Hudson
Jacques Cartier
Which Explorer?
1492
1497
1519
1534
Christopher
Columbus
Amerigo
Vespucci
1538
1609
Ferdinand
Magellan
1681
Jacques
Cartier
Robert
LaSalle
Hernando
DeSoto
Henry
Hudson
I can describe the
route, reason, and
obstacles of the
exploration of
Christopher Columbus.
Who Was Columbus?
Christopher Columbus was
born in Genoa, Italy in 1451.
He worked as a trader in
Lisbon, Italy and learned how
to make maps and navigate
ships.
Christopher Columbus was not the
first person to reach the Americas, but
his voyage started the exploration
and the colonization of the
Americas.
Reasons to Explore
Christopher Columbus and his brother,
Bartholomew, knew there were great riches in China
and the Indies. They wanted to reach China and the
Indies without traveling by the Silk Road.
The Silk Road was a very
dangerous route from Europe
to China. They knew
traveling around Africa
would take too long, so they
set sail west to reach the
other side of China.
Italy wouldn’t support
Columbus’ voyage, but the
King of Spain became his
sponsor.
He wanted to discover a
shortcut to China.
Destination
We know Christopher Columbus couldn’t actually reach China
by traveling the Atlantic Ocean, but he did not. When their
ships reach land, they thought they had made it to the Indies.
October 12, 1492 they had
spotted land! Columbus had
landed on a small island in the
Bahamas that Columbus would
name San Salvador. Columbus
and his crew celebrated and
returned to Spain to tell the king
of their discovery. On the way
back to the to Spain, only two of
the three ships could return.
When Columbus reached Spain,
he was treated like a hero.
Columbus made three more trips
to the Americas, but never knew
he had landed on America.
The Earth was much larger than
Columbus thought.
Obstacles
1. His first obstacle was finding a sponsor to fund his
trip. The King of Italy and the King of England
would not support Columbus.
2. The journey on the Atlantic Ocean was long and
difficult for his crew. The crew threatened to quit
and go back, but Columbus wouldn’t let them.
3. One of the three ships didn’t make it back to Spain,
because it wrecked.
The Route
Christopher Columbus’ route is pictured on the map
below.
Let’s Review
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
What year did Columbus sail?
What was Columbus trying to find?
Who sponsored his voyage?
What does the word sponsor mean?
Where did he land?
Where did he think he landed?
How many ships were apart of his voyage?
How many ships returned to Spain?
What obstacles did Columbus encounter?
I can describe the
route, reason, and
obstacles of the
exploration of
Amerigo Vespucci.
Who Was Vespucci?
Amerigo Vespucci was born in
Florence, Italy. He earned a good
education and worked for an elite
family, the Medicis. The Medicis
family sent him to Spain in 1491.
While helping prepare ships for
voyages, he became friends with
Christopher Columbus.
After gaining knowledge of
preparing ships, education in
astronomy, and learning from
Columbus, Vespucci thought he was
ready for his own voyage.
Reasons to Explore
The country of Spain sponsored his first voyage to
find a water way to India. He didn’t find it, so Spain
wouldn’t sponsor another trip because he was
unsuccessful.
Vespucci’s second voyage
was funded by Portugal. He
was still looking for a water
way to India. A water way to
reach the other side of the
Earth would make trade and
traveling safer and possibly
quicker. He reached the coast
of South America..
Destination
The difference between Columbus and Vespucci is Vespucci
knew he had landed in a new world.
Vespucci knew a lot about astronomy and knew he had landed in a new world in 1497..
He used an almanac based on astronomy to figure out the time difference, then distance,
then the ship’s location in longitude. He figured out there was no possible way to be in
the Indies.
He was believed to find the present day Rio de Janeiro in South America. He came back
to Portugal with stories about the native people with their large huts.
In 1507, a cartographer named Martin Walseemuller was working on creating an
updated map that included the new world. He named these new lands after Amerigo
Vespucci. It was the first map that included the new lands.
The Route
Amerigo Vespucci’s route is pictured on the map below.
Spain
Portugal
Let’s Review
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Who did he become friends before sailing?
Who was the first sponsor?
Why didn’t Spain sponsor the second voyage?
Who sponsored his second voyage?
What city did Vespucci discover?
What is the difference between him and Columbus?
What continents were named after Vespucci?
I can describe the
route, reason, and
obstacles of the
exploration of
Jacques cartier.
Who Was Jacques Cartier?
Cartier was born in Brittany,
France.
Cartier was a French navigator
that had completed several
voyages to South America, mainly
Brazil.
Reasons to Explore
Since Cartier was a
seasoned explorer, King
Francis of France wanted
him to make a trip to the
“northern lands.” King
Frances wanted Cartier to
search for gold, other
riches, and a water route
to Asia.
Cartier and his 61 member crew set sail in 1534.
Destination
In 1534, Cartier and his crew with 2 ships and 61 men landed on
the west coast of Newfoundland, discovered Prince Edward Island,
and sailed through the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Present day Canada).
King Francis was impressed with
Cartier’s report, so he sent him
back the following year. Cartier
took two Native Americans they
had captured on the previous trip
to have them navigate the crew
through Canada as far as Quebec
and they established a base.
Cartier heard there were more
rivers and riches that lie west, but
the river had frozen. Cartier had
to wait until Spring to travel
down the river, but since he had
captured some Iroquois, he had to
make a quick escape back to
France.
Map Source: http://blogdev.learnquebec.ca/societies/societies/iroquois-around-1500/the-voyagesof-jacques-cartier-1534-1542/
Obstacles
1. Cartier had made the Iroquois Indians mad because
he captured some of their native people.
2. The St. Lawrence River had frozen over the winter,
so he wasn’t able to go further west for the gold,
spices, and other riches.
The Route
Jacques Cartier’s route in Canada is pictured on the
map below.
Let’s Review
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Where did Cartier travel to before North America?
Who sponsored Cartier?
Where did Cartier land?
Who did Cartier capture?
What did the Iroquois Indians think of Cartier?
What river did Cartier travel?
What was the purpose of his voyage?
Did he find what the king wanted?
I can describe the
route, reason, and
obstacles of the
exploration of
Ferdinand Magellan.
Who Was Magellan?
Ferdinand Magellan was born in
northern Portugal. He grew up in
a wealthy family was a page for a
royal family. He sailed for many
years for Portugal, and he enjoyed
it.
Magellan had already traveled to
China and India by going around
Africa, but he was convinced that
he could reach it by going west.
Portugal refused to sponsor that
trip.
Reasons to Explore
Magellan was convinced
he could find a water
route to Asia by going
west. King Charles of
Spain agreed to sponsor
Magellan.
Journey
Magellan and his crew attempted to find the water route to Asia.
He left in 1519 with five ships and over 270 men.
They loaded the ships up and sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to the
Canary Islands off the coast of Africa.
From the Canary Islands, they sailed to Brazil and traveled south. The
weather turned bad and cold! On top of the bad weather, they didn’t
have enough food for everyone. Some of the crew members tried to
overthrow Magellan and steal the ships. These crew members were
executed.
Magellan continued to sail south and found the passage he was seeking.
Today it is called the Straights of Magellan. He finally made it to the
other ocean. He called it Pacifico, meaning “peaceful.”
It took Magellan and the 3 ships that were left over four months to
reach China. They almost starved to death. Many sailors at rats and
sawdust!
Magellan’s Death
After the ships stocked back up with supplies in China, they went
to the Philippines.
Magellan began arguing with the local native people in the Philippines. About forty
men, including Magellan, were killed in a battle with the natives. Magellan wasn’t able
to live to see the end of the journey.
There was only one ship left at the end of the journey named the Victoria. It had
returned in 1522 to Spain after three long years. There were only 18 remaining crew
members to make the complete trip around the world!
Obstacles
1. They didn’t have enough supplies for the
journey.
2. Some crew members tried to steal ships
along the voyage.
3. Magellan and men died in a battle in the
Philippines.
The Route
Ferdinand Magellan’s route in Canada is pictured on
the map below.
Let’s Review
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Who sponsored Magellan’s voyage?
How many ships and men went with Magellan?
What was Magellan looking for?
Where did he find the Straight of Magellan?
What was the crew lacking on the ships?
Where did Magellan die?
How did he die?
How many ships made it back to Spain?
I can describe the
route, reason, and
obstacles of the
exploration of
Hernando Desoto.
Who Was deSoto?
Hernando DeSoto was born in
Spain to a poor, but noble family.
His parents couldn’t afford to pay
for an education, so a generous
man paid for DeSoto’s education
at a University in Spain.
DeSoto’s family wanted him to
become a lawyer, but he liked the
adventure of exploring. DeSoto
proved himself as an experienced
trader and explorer. He became
wealthy by the profits of his
trades.
Reasons to Explore
After becoming a newly married man and a
wealthy man, he was ready to explore in the
new world. He had heard the stories of the
gulf and wanted to explore.
DeSoto decided to sell all of his belongings
and used the money to prepare for his
voyage. He prepared a fleet of 10 ships and
a crew of 700 men. He chose these men
based on their fighting ability.
Journey
In 1538, DeSoto and his crew left Spain and
headed towards the new world.
DeSoto and his crew stopped in Cuba before heading to Florida.
Once they got to Florida, they explored the Southeast area for three
years. DeSoto claimed Florida, Georgia, and Alabama for the country of
Spain. As they traveled, they told the Native Americans that DeSoto
was a god.
During these three years, they encountered Indians and had numerous
battles. After battling different Indian groups, they made it to the
Mississippi River. DeSoto’s men were the first European explorers to
travel the Mississippi River.
Route
DeSoto’s route is pictured below.
DeSoto’s Death
After crossing the Mississippi River, DeSoto caught
a high fever. He died in 1542 in Louisiana. His crew
dumped his body in the Mississippi River because
they didn’t want the Native Americans to know that
he died since they said DeSoto was a god. By this
time, most of the crew had been killed by disease,
fever, or killed by Indians.
Obstacles
1. DeSoto and his men had several encounters
with the Indians.
2. Crew members caught fevers and diseases
and some died.
3. DeSoto died from a fever.
Let’s Review
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
How did DeSoto become wealthy?
Why did he want to explore the new world?
Where he depart from?
What region did DeSoto explore?
What were some of the obstacles they faced?
How many years did DeSoto explore?
What states did DeSoto claim for Spain?
Where did DeSoto die?
What did his crew do with his body?
I can describe the
route, reason, and
obstacles of the
exploration of
Henry Hudson
Who Was Hudson?
Henry Hudson was born in
England. He worked as a cabin
boy, running errands for captains
and the crews of ships before their
voyages. He worked his way up to
being a captain and he learned
how to navigate and read weather
maps.
Henry Hudson kept journals
during all of his voyages, but we
do not officially know what he
looked like. Historians only
assume he looked like this.
Reasons to Explore?
Henry Hudson sailed for different
countries trying to find the water
route to Asia. He had four
different voyages.
The European countries were
trying to reach Asia because you
could buy and trade for silk,
jewels, and spices that were not
available in Europe.
st
1
voyage
England sponsored Hudson’s first
voyage. He was the captain of the
ship, Hopewell. He sailed
northwest from England. He
didn’t find the water route, but he
was the first explorer to sail the
furthest north. He was 700 miles
from the North Pole. During this
voyage, he discovered seals,
walruses, and pods of whales in
the Arctic Circle. This was very
important for fishermen of
England.
nd
2
voyage
Three months after Hudson
returned from his first voyage, he
was ready to sail again. Instead of
sailing northwest, he wanted to
attempt sailing northeast. His ship
and crew was blocked by heavy
ice in the Arctic Ocean. He was
forced to return to England
without finding the route to Asia.
England was no longer willing to
sponsor another voyage.
rd
3
Voyage
Since England wouldn’t sponsor Hudson, he sailed
for the Dutch and left from Amsterdam in 1609.
Instead of traveling north, he just traveled west
towards North America on the Half Moon.
Hudson reached the coast of present day Maine
where they had to stay a few days because of a
thick fog. He was able to get to the shore and trade
with the Native Americans.
He then sailed south and discovered Cape Cod,
Delaware Bay, and Chesapeake Bay. Hudson
claimed the Hudson River and all of the land along
the river for the Dutch.
th
4
voyage
Hudson was ready to sail again, and England was
willing to sponsor his fourth voyage. Hudson and
his crew sailed on the Discovery. Hudson and his
crew fought and didn’t get along during the entire
voyage. They reached present day Hudson Bay and
Hudson thought they had reached the Pacific
Ocean. Before Hudson and his crew could get out
of the bay, the bay had frozen over. The entire crew
about froze or starved to death. The crew was so
angry with Hudson that they put him on a small
boat and sailed away. Hudson was never seen or
heard from again.
Obstacles
1. Hudson ran into ice during his voyages.
2. He had major conflicts with his crew.
3. He was kicked off of his ship from his crew
after his fourth voyage and was never seen
again.
Let’s Review
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Who sponsored Hudson’s first two voyages?
Who sponsored Hudson’s third voyage?
Who sponsored his last voyage?
What was Hudson looking for?
What was an obstacle Hudson had on the voyages?
What were some of his accomplishments?
What happened to Hudson on his last voyage?
I can describe the
route, reason, and
obstacles of the
exploration of
Robert LaSalle.
Who Was LaSalle?
Robert LaSalle was a French
explorer. He was sent by King
Louis XIV to travel to the
Mississippi River.
He is known for traveling the
Mississippi River and claiming
land for France. His last
expedition ended up costing
LaSalle his life.
Reasons to Explore?
King Louis XVI wanted LaSalle to travel
the Mississippi River to claim land for
France.
On his last expedition, the king wanted
him to conquer lands in the south from the
Spanish, but it didn’t work.
Journey
In 1681, LaSalle and about 40 men traveled
from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico.
He was the first explorer to travel the full length of the Mississippi
River. He established a settlement in present-day Memphis along the
River.
His mission was to explore and create fur-trade routes along the river.
LaSalle named the entire Mississippi area Louisiana, in honor of the
King of France. He claimed this area for France on April 9, 1682.
During his traveling time from Canada to the Mississippi River, he was
able to explore the Great Lakes along the Canadian and American
border.
Last expedition
LaSalle traveled to the New World again with four
ships wanting to start a colony in the Mississippi River
Valley.
One ship carrying food and vital supplies was lost on the journey across
the Atlantic Ocean. The other three ships reached Houston, Texas on
accident. One ship ran aground in Texas. LaSalle and his men would
shoot Native Americans that tried to steal from the wrecked ship, and
this created enemies with the local Native Americans. The third ship
returned to France. LaSalle only had one ship left.
The expedition team built a fort at the mouth of the Lavaca River and
explored the area. The last ship was wrecked and stranded LaSalle and
the rest of his men in Texas. LaSalle was killed by five other men in this
crew and left for the animals to eat. The rest of the crew made it to
Montreal in Canada where there was a French settlement.
The Route
LaSalle’s two routes are pictured below.
Obstacles
1. He didn’t run into any obstacles during his
first voyage down the Mississippi River.
2. The second voyage lost all ships by
wrecking.
3. The local Indians didn’t like LaSalle and
his crew.
4. Five of his crew members killed him.
Let’s Review
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Who sponsored LaSalle’s expeditions?
What river did LaSalle travel?
What was his reason for exploring?
What lakes did he explore?
What obstacles did he face on the second voyage?
What area of land did he claim for France?
How did he die?