Transcript Installing Scientific Linux

COSC 4750
Scientific Linux Installation and
maintenance
Installation
• Pretty easy to do
• Requires a minimum amount of knowledge
on the part of the installer
• Finds most hardware during the installation
– May have problems with some laptops and very
new motherboards (mostly video issues).
• Can be installed using a boot disk and the
CD/DVD ROM
• Just the CDROM, if you can boot from the
CD/DVD
• A boot disk (CD/DVD, USB or specialized
floppies) and install from the network, if
you have a network card
• The installation can be done in several
modes
– Normal: Uses a GUI interface to ask questions
– text: No GUI interface, used when it is unable
to detect your monitor/video card correctly
– expert: Expected you know what you are doing.
– Askmethod: uses normal and asks if you want
to use network.
With Media
• 1 DVD (2 DVDs for full installation, but
not necessary)
• Then asks if you want to verify the media.
– Make sure all the disks are good and it can
install from them.
– Takes 30 to 60+ minutes depending on the
CD/DVD drive.
Normal mode
•
The installer will begin up a GUI interface now,
if you using local media
1. Which language
–
English is default
2. Keyboard Configuration:
–
us
3. Mouse type:
-
Default is normally correct. (wheeled Mouse PS/2)
If network install
• Wants to know if it should use DHCP or
static IP number
– May need a network driver disk.
• Then where to get the files from
• Once it finds the install media, it will
startup the GUI interface.
Upgrade options
• If a version of linux is installed, it will ask
– Upgrade
• Lists current version.
– New install
Install Type
• Personal desktop install
– Meant for personal computers and laptops
– Installs GUI
– No server deamons installed.
• i.e. can’t telnet into this machine, because there is no
telnet server.
– Min install 2.3GB
• If running Windows, will automatically
configure for dual-boot
Install Type (2)
• Workstation and laptop class
– Install everything from Personal desktop
– Installs development environment
– Installs system admin tools.
– Requires at least 3 GB free disk space
Install Type (3)
• Server-Class
– Must choose to install X Windows system
– Install network applications, such as file and
printer sharing, web services,
– Removes ALL existing partitions on ALL
drives
– Need at least 1.1GB of disk space, without Xwindows
Install Type (4)
• Custom Install
– 620 MB minimum install, max 9 GB
– You select packages to be installed
– Configure grub if necessary
• Upgrading system
– Will not delete any data (backup anyway)
– upgrades the kernel and all installed packages, if able
to.
• May require of max of 9 GB to upgrade the system.
Custom Installation
• Partition drives
– Have installer auto partition
• Choose to erase only linux partitions, all partitions, or only use free space
• Will setup swap partition, /boot partition which is 100 megs, and the rest goes
to the / partition
– Note: swap for partition 2x until 2GB, then 1x after that. Min of 64MB.
• Allows you to review and make changes.
– Using Disk Druid (linux Druid = Windows Wizard)
• Easier to use then fdisk
• Fewer mistakes can be made with Disk Druid
– Need at least a / and swap partition in order to install the system
– Recommended for servers, you have /, /boot, /usr, /home, /tmp, /var, and
swap. /usr needs to be at least 5 GB (for a full installation).
– For workstations or personal machines, the auto partition works very well.
– Using fdisk
• Complicated, similar to Microsoft fdisk program.
• With Disk druid, you request how much
space you want to partition and it assigns it
as close a possible
• typically: 500MB comes out as 502MB
– Due to drive restriction, sectors, and partitions
already created.
• Has “Grow to fill disk” option. Use it on
the last partition to get the rest of the space.
Partitions to Format
• The installer will ask which partitions to
format. You don’t have format all of them,
unless they are new.
• checking for bad blocks while formatting
– Normally a good idea, but it takes about an
hour to check a 4GB to 8GB drive
– We’ll be using 20+ GB drives in lab.
Boot loader configuration
• If you plan to boot only from a floppy disk, you
can skip the configuration
– It created near the end of the installation. Also useful
when lilo/grub has failed or other problems booting.
• Otherwise choose lilo or grub as the boot loader
• If will list dual boot options automatic for you
– If it is able to find them correctly.
– Choose when one you want to boot by default
• You can then opt for a boot password
• For SMP (symmetric Multi Processor)
motherboards, grub will create two boot
entries.
– 1. uses all the processors
• Normal use
– 2. uses only one processor
• for use when you are having problems with a
processor
Network Configuration
• Choose DHCP or manual
– DHCP will ask the DHCP server for all the
network information that it needs.
• Choose Activate on boot
– Will your networking start when the system
boots
Manual Network Settings
• Need IP number, Netmask, Network, and
Broadcast
– Example: IP 129.72.216.101, Netmask: 255.255.255.0,
Network: 129.72.216.0, and Broadcast 129.72.216.255
• Also Need Hostname, Gateway, Primary DNS, 2nd
(if known), and 3rd (if known), DNS search
– Hostname:rhinst, Gateway: 129.72.216.1, DNS:
129.72.216.4, 129.72.216.13, 129.72.60.8, Search
cs.uwyo.edu, uwyo.edu
Firewall Configuration
• Security level: High
– Only DHCP can connect to the computer
– NOT allowed: FTP, IRC DCC file transfers,
RealAudio, Remote X windows clients
– Good for computers connected to the internet,
but not servers
• Security level: medium
– Allows all Ports lower than 1023 to accessed
• FTP, SSH, telnet, HTTP, etc.
– NFS server port allowed, Remote X clients, and
X Font server (xfs is disable by default)
– RealAudio does work.
• Security level: No firewall
– No blocking.
Language Support
• By default it installs English
• You can choose to add more languages
– Or remove english and install another one.
Time Zone Configuration
• You can choose you location or UTC (Universal
Coordinated Time)
• Location is Denver, Mountain Standard time.
• UTC for Wyoming is UTC-07 US Mountain
– You can also choose to use Daylight Savings Time as
well.
• Setting the system clock to UTC
– The time on files will be UTC instead of local time.
• UTC is GMT
Set root password.
• Account Creation
– Set the root password
• Authentication Configuration
– MD5 Password: Can use up to 256 characters,
instead of the normal 8 or less
– Shadow Password: Passwords are stored in a
file called: /etc/shadow
Package Group Selection
• You select components to install
– Can choose everything (need max of 7 GB of
disk space)
– Choose Minimal need only 620 MB
• You can also choose to select individual
packages, instead of component group
– choose only www, instead of Mail/WWW/news
tools.
Package installation
• At this point the installer, formats the hard
drives, and installs the packages selected
and configures the system.
• Testing in our lab with a network install,
– The actually package installation took about 45
minutes to install everything.
Finish the install.
• It will install all the packages and then ask
you to reboot.
• Next it will bring up the “First Time boot”
configurations
• Asks to agree to License agreement
Date and Time
• Enter correct time/date
• Setup Network Time Protocol to set the
time automatically from a known time
server.
• On campus, we use time.uwyo.edu instead
of the ones listed.
Account creation
• Account Creation
– Can create user accounts at this time.
• Authentication Configuration
– MD5 Password: Can use up to 256 characters,
instead of the normal 8 or less
– Shadow Password: Passwords are stored in a
file called: /etc/shadow
User Authentication
– Enable NIS
• Can use an existing group of computer accounts on
the network, instead of having to create account
local to this machine.
– Enable LDAP, Hesiod, Kerberos5
– Enable SMB
• Use a windows server to authenticate users. You
still have to create local account, but use windows
for passwords.
Done
• It should now boot in GUI multiuser mode.
• See if everything works.
– Now it is time to customize your machine
• Next Time
– Customizing
– upgrading
– maintenance