Transcript Age of Exploration Part 2

THE
NEW
WORLD
PORTUGAL
• Portugal was the 1st European country to
venture on the Atlantic in search of spices,
gold, and eventually slaves.
PORTUGAL
• Portugal’s main interests lay in Africa and Asia
• Portugal’s goal was to trade rather than
colonize.
PORTUGAL
• They established a series of trading posts
along the Atlantic coast of Africa for
slaves/gold.
PORTUGAL
• Cabral of Portugal defeated _Muslim_/Arab
merchants to established a Portuguese
monopoly over trade in the Indian Ocean.
PORTUGAL
• Prince Henry “The Navigator” was the Prince of
Portugal/
• This early pioneer of exploration was famous
for his ventures in the early 15th century (not
a sailor).
PORTUGAL
• Bartholomew __Dias_: 1488 – found the
southern tip of Africa, later named the _Cape of
Good Hope (Storms)_
• This proved ships could reach East Asia by
sailing around Africa.
PORTUGAL
• _Vasco da Gama_: 1497 – Took 4 ships from
Portugal to India.
PORTUGAL
• Portugal colonized present-day __Brazil_
(speak Portuguese and are generally
_Catholic_).
SPAIN
• King _Ferdinand_ and Queen _Isabella_ united
Spain by defeating the Muslim military force.
• Later, they sponsored _Christopher Columbus_
on his trip to the Americas.
SPAIN
• 1492 – sailed for Spain with 3 ships
• first European to set foot in the Bahamas
• spent 3 months exploring Hispaniola and Cuba
in search of gold.
SPAIN
• The long-term significance of the travels of
Columbus was that his voyages started a vast
cultural exchange between hemispheres.
• Later, the name America began to appear on
maps in honor of the Italian _Amerigo
Vespucci_.
SPAIN
• The _Columbian Exchange_: A global transfer
of goods, plants, animals, disease, food and
technology between Eastern and Western
hemispheres during the colonization of the
Americas.
Pre-Columbian Distribution of Organisms with Close Ties to Humans
Type of organism
Domesticated
animals
Old World list (what they
had)
New World list (what they
had)
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camel
cattle
donkey
fowl (several species including chickens)
goat
horse
pig
rabbit
sheep
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alpaca
fowl (a few species)
guinea pig
racoon
llama
turkey
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bananas
barley
beans
black pepper
cabbage
coffee
cotton (short staple "Egyptian" variety)
citrus
garlic
hemp
lettuce
oats
onion
peach
pear
rice
rye
sugarcane
turnip
wheat
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amaranth
avocado
beans
cashew
chia
chicle (chewing gum base)
chili pepper (includes the bell pepper)
cocoa
cotton (long staple variety, 90% of modern cultivation)
maize (corn)
manioc (cassava)
papaya
peanut
pecan
pineapple
potato
quinoa
rubber
squash (incl. pumpkin)
sunflower
strawberry (American species used in modern hybrids)
sweet potato
tobacco
tomato
vanilla
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bubonic plague
cholera
influenza
malaria
measles
scarlet fever
sleeping sickness
smallpox
tuberculosis
typhoid
yellow fever
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Chagas' disease
syphilis (possibly. See the syphilis article for details)
yaws
yellow fever (American strains)
Domesticated plants
Infectious diseases
[citation needed]
SPAIN
• European lifestyles changed significantly with
the introduction of corn, tobacco, and potatoes
from the Western Hemisphere
• diseases (like smallpox) were brought to the
Western Hemisphere.