Transcript Age of Exploration - Hutton`s History Class

Age of Exploration
Chapters 14-15
Age of Exploration
• Section 1 The Search For Spices
• I. Europeans take to the seas
• The Black Death had disrupted trade routes, so there
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was not as much Trade between Europe and Asia.
Exploration had also been held to a minimum because of
the Black Death.
Improved technology allowed Europeans to take to the
seas (open sea exploration)
– Cartographers, or mapmakers, were able to make more
accurate maps and sea charts.
– European sailors learned to use an astrolabe which is an
instrument developed by the Greeks and Arabians
– Europeans developed larger and better ships. The Portuguese
developed the caravel which combined the square sails of
European ships with Arab lateen, or triangle sails.
Age of Exploration
• II. Portuguese Pioneers
• Prince Henry of Portugal was interested in sea
exploration
– He wanted to conquer the Muslims.
– He also wanted to find African Gold.
– Henry set up a navigation school.
• Dias of Portugal rounded the tip of Africa (Cape
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of Good Hope)
Vasco Da Gama went around the Cape of Good
Hope and around to India for spices.
Da Gama
Age of Exploration
• III. Spain Enters the Race
• A. Christopher Columbus, an Italian sailor, wanted to reach the
East Indies by going the opposite way (West). He believed that the
earth was round and that he could reach the East Indies.
However, he underestimated the circumference of the earth and had
no idea that North and South America lay ahead.
• 1. After being rejected once, Columbus convinced King Ferdinand
and Queen Isabella of Spain to finance his voyage.
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2. On August 3, 1492, the Pinta, Nina, and Santa Maria, set
sail.
• 3. The crew grew anxious as rations ran low. The sailors almost
rebelled and threw Columbus overboard.
– On October 12, 1492, a crewmember spotted land and went
ashore on what is today the Bahamas. Specifically, they landed
on the island of San Salvador.
– He thought he had reached the East Indies. Therefore, he called
the people living in the region _Indians_.
– Columbus made a total of four voyages to the new world. Each
time he was convinced he had reached East Asia.
Age of Exploration
• Why do we call it America then?
– Amerigo Vespucci (map maker)
Age of Exploration
• Now both Spain and Portugal began to claim
lands in the new world. Pope Alexander IV
(Borgia Pope) stepped in to settle the dispute.
He set up a Line of Demarcation that divided
the non- European world into two zones. Spain
had the right to explore and claim lands to the
west of that line and Portugal had the right to
explore east of that line. Portugal got ripped
off. This is known as the Treaty of
Tordesillas.
Age of Exploration
• IV. Magellan
• He recruited sailors for a two-year voyage to sail around
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the world. On five ships Magellan loaded ten tons of
biscuits and 6,000 pounds of salt beef, pork, dried
beans, flour, water, wine, plus lumber, weapons, and
gunpowder.
Storms ripped apart Magellan’s Ships. Magellan had to
put down many mutinies. Like Columbus Magellan
himself was killed in the Philippines. Three years later
Magellan’s crew landed in Seville, Spain.
The crew was the first to circumnavigate or sail around
the world.
Magellan
Age of Exploration
• V. Important Explorers
• Cartier explored eastern Canada for the French.
• Hudson explored the Hudson Bay area in
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present day _Canada__ for the Netherlands.
Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope.
Da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope and
continued to India.
Cabot explored North America for the British.
Balboa discovered the Pacific_ Ocean.
Age of Exploration
• VI. Rise of the Dutch
• The Netherlands or the Dutch became strong
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explorers as well.
The Dutch dominated the spice trade from Asia.
Wealthy merchants in Holland formed the Dutch
East India Company.
The Dutch used military means to accomplish
their goals.
Later the Spanish claimed the Philippines.
Age of Exploration
Columbian Exchange