Transcript Computer Platforms - Glyndŵr University

COMPUTER PLATFORMS
Network Operating Systems
Week 9
Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003
Week 9
• Operating System
– Uses
• Network Operating System
– Fundamentals
– Architecture
• Windows 2000 family
– Windows 2003
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Windows NT 4
UNIX family
Linux flavours
Apple Macintosh OS
Novell NetWare family
Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003
Week 10
NO COMPUTER PLATFORMS
LECTURES OR LABS NEXT WEEK
1st - 5th DECEMBER
USE THE TIME TO WORK ON YOUR
ASSIGNMENTS AND DO
BACKGROUND READING
Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003
Operating System
• Traditionally the OS is the interface
between the user and the computer
• Interact and control computer
hardware
• No capability to connect to remote
computers
– Essentially ‘stand alone’ machines
Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003
Network Operating System
• Provides network communication protocols
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TCP/IP
NetBEUI / NetBIOS
AppleTalk
IPX/SPX
• Provides interaction with network hardware
– Network Interface Card (NIC)
– Media access
– Router configuration
• Allows remote access to other computers
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File /Application Sharing
Administration / Control
Cluster processing
etc.
Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003
Network Operating System
• Hybrid NOS
– Windows 3.11
– Windows 95 / 98
– Apple Mac OS 7.x
• True NOS’s
– UNIX
– Novell Netware
– Windows NT 4
• Server and Workstation
– Windows 2000
• Server and Workstation
– Windows XP
– Mac OS X
Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003
NOS Architecture
• Client / Server
– Centralised file / application sharing
– Centralised control / administration
– One or more servers
• File server
• Application server
• etc.
– Good security
• If correctly configured
– Scalable
• Add more servers / clients
– Expensive
• Server and workstation software
– Select few people in charge of administration
• Good or bad?
Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003
NOS Architecture
• Peer-to-peer
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Everybody’s equal
No priority
No central control
Software cheap
Easy to set-up
• No specialist configuration
– Poor security
– Suits:
• Small Home / Office LANs
• Networks in a single room
• Networks with no interconnection requirements
Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003
Windows 2000 Server
• IIS 5
– Internet Information Server
• A web server
• VPN Server
– Virtual Private Networking
– Allowing remote dial-in connections
• Active Directory
– Central control over all shared resources and
users throughout an entire network
• Requirements
– Intel Pentium 133 Mhz or higher
– 256 megabytes (MB) of RAM
– 1.0 GB hard disk space
Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003
Windows 2000 Professional
• AKA - Windows 2000 Workstation
• Used for P2P or Client / Server
– Client for WIN2k Server
• Features of Win 98 + NT4
• Support for:
– 4Gb RAM
– 2 Processors using SMP
• Symmetric Multiprocessing
– Plug ‘n’ Play
• NTFS File System
– Security & Sharing
Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003
UNIX
• Developed by Ken Thompson & Dennis
Ritchie at Bell labs / AT&T
• Multi-user
– More than one person suing the OS at a time
• Multitasking
– Each user can run more than one process
• Platform independent
– Runs on almost any hardware platform
• Was free at first but now expensive
– Especially for PC
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Complex to understand
Large distribution
User control and administration
Used as multiple types of server
Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003
Linux
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Developed by Linus Torvalds
Attempt to provide functionality of UNIX in a free, easier to
use form
Particularly aimed at PC users
Two parts:
– Kernel
• The Linux operations section
• The UNIX part of things
– Distribution
• Particular flavour of Linux
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Control and admin
– Users can be created an deleted by an admin (root or su)
– Users are organised into groups
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Open source
– Free! (more or less)
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Many now have a windows style interface
– Easy to get to grips with
– Some expertise is required to become a master
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Low hardware requirements
– 100 MHz CPU, 12Mb RAM, 500Mb HDD
Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003
Linux Distributions
• Lots of different flavours
• Usually based around one main Linux
Distribution
– SuSE
– Red Hat
• Mandrake
• Vine
– Caldera
– Debian
• LindowsOS
• Morphix
• Many free and open source applications
being developed
Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003
Linux Interface
Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003
Linux Interface
Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003
Linux Interface
Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003
Novell NetWare
• Versions 5 and 6 most common
• Sharing of resources
– Novell Directory Services (NDS)
– NDS e-directory
• Network Services
– Mail servers
– Print servers
– Etc.
• Clients & servers
• Often found running alongside another OS
– Such as Windows 9x, NT, 2000
– As a client piece of software on workstations
Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003
Novell NetWare Interface
• Very Windows like
Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003
Mac OS X Server
• Developed by Apple Computers
• Based on UNIX architecture
• Designed to be run on Apple Xserve
computer
• File / resource sharing
– Open directory
• Network admin
– Workgroup management
• Network services
– Mail
– Web
– Etc.
Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003
Mac OS X
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Developed by Apple Computers
Based on UNIX architecture
Customisable GUI
Can connect to other networks
– Windows
– Novell
– UNIX
• Network client software
• SMP support
Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003
Mac OS X Interface
Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003
Features of a NOS
• User must logon to the computer /
server
– User name
– Password
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Organisation of users
Rights and privelages
Sharing of data
Provision of network services
Application services
Above all, communication
Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003
Week 9
• Operating System
– Uses
• Network Operating System
– Fundamentals
– Architecture
• Windows 2000 family
– Windows 2003
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•
Windows NT
UNIX family
Linux flavours
Apple Macintosh OS
– MacOS X server/client
• Novell NetWare 5 & 6 Overview
Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003