Transcript The Europeans

The Europeans 1400’s
Objectives
• Describe the conditions in Europe in the
fifteenth century (1400’s)
• Analyze how the changes taking place in
Europe affected the inhabitants.
• Describe the major developments on the
Iberian Peninsula at the end of the Middle
Ages and the start of the Renaissance
The Europeans
• Why It Matters Europe in the 1400s
experienced enormous cultural, economic,
and technological changes. As new ideas
swept the continent, some Europeans
began to look beyond their shores to
satisfy their growing ambitions. They were
about to enter an age of discovery and
exploration that would change not only
Europe but much of the world as well.
The Europeans
Life in Europe Around 1400
• Economy
• Mostly agricultural
• Small scale
manufacturing
– Artisans produced
cloth, tools, weapons,
and ceramics.
The Europeans
• Society
Monarch
Aristocrats
Merchants
Peasants
• Extremes of wealth
and poverty
characterized
European society.
• A ruling elite of less
than 5 percent of the
population controlled
almost all of the land.
• About 3/5 of western
Europeans were
working poor.
The Europeans
• Politics
• Europe divided into
warring kingdoms.
– Castile, Portugal,
France, and England.
– Competing monarchs
sponsor voyages to
gain wealth and
territory.
The Europeans
• The Renaissance and
New Ideas
• Printing Press
• Renewed interest in
learning and the
advancement of the arts
and sciences.
• Johannes Gutenberg
invents printing press
(1440).
• The spread of literature
helped promote the
daring new Renaissance
ideas of individualism and
experimentation.
The Europeans
• Increase of Trade
– Crusades
• Trade Map
• Became aware of distant
lands and different ways
of life.
• Crusaders returned home
with goods and raw
materials from the East,
including silks, gems, and
spices.
• European traders
expanded their
businesses to Asia.
The Europeans
• Portuguese Begin to
Explore
• The kingdoms of Aragon,
Castile, and Portugal
were waging the
reconquista
(reconquest) to drive out
the Muslim Moors who
had ruled Iberia for
centuries.
• Reconquista promoted a
zealous crusading spirit
for spreading the
Christian faith.
The Europeans
• Prince Henry the
Navigator
• Directed Portuguese
efforts to sail into the
Atlantic, spread
Christianity, and
outflank Muslim
domination of trade.
• Founded a school of
navigation.
• Sponsored several
expeditions down the
coast of West Africa.
The Europeans
• New Technology
• Portuguese
shipbuilders develop
the caravel, designed
to travel long
distances.
• New navigation tools
such as the compass,
the astrolabe, and
more accurate maps
allow longer voyages.
TRANSPARENCY
Renaissance Technology
First Encounters
• Portuguese take the
lead.
• Portuguese mariner
Bartolomeu Dias
learned how to use the
counterclockwise winds
of the South Atlantic to
get around southern
Africa.
• Vasco da Gama reaches
India.
• Portuguese dominated
the trade routes south
and east around Africa.
First Encounters
• Spain Looks to the
West
– The Voyages of
Christopher Columbus
• Sought a route to the
East.
• In 1492, Queen Isabella
and King Ferdinand of
Spain provided 3 ships,
90 men, and most of the
funding for Columbus’s
voyage.
First Encounters
• The Voyages of
Christopher Columbus
• After 33 days at sea,
he reached what we
now call the
Bahamas.
• Thought he landed in
the East Indies near
Asia.
• Referred to the
people living on the
islands as Indians
First Encounters
• Other Voyages of
Exploration
• John Cabot, a Genoese
mariner employed by the
English, sailed to
Newfoundland.
• Pedro Alvarez Cabral
discovered the coast of Brazil
in 1500.
• Amerigo Vespucci, another
Genoese mariner, explored
enough of South America’s
coast to deem it a new
continent.
• Ferdinand Magellan
succeeded in encircling the
entire globe
First Encounters
In-Class/HW
• Read – Slavery in Africa p. 18-19
– Answer questions 5&6 on pg 19.
• Read – All of section 4
– Answer questions 2, 4-6 on pg 26.