Transcript The Dutch Republic

Changes in Western
Europe
1450 - 1750
Portuga
l
Spain
The Dutch Republic
Britain
France
What Western European states
become
important
at
this
time?
Portugal =
First country to usher in the new age of exploration and first one to establish trading posts
along the Indian Ocean. They also begin the African slave trade across the Atlantic Ocean.
Spain =
Second country that joins exploration race. Colonizes most of Central and South America introduces silver from Potosi to the new global economy.
England and France =
They will develop opposite forms of government and they will become rivals in controlling
lands in North America and India.
The Dutch Republic or The Netherlands =
They will lead the Commercial Revolution of Western Europe. It’s main city, Amsterdam, will
become the financial center of Europe. They are a Protestant nation so missionary work will
not be part of their agenda when their chartered company, The East India Company, starts
monopolizing trade in parts of the Indian Ocean.
Italy =
It is not a country yet. It is separated by different states, each with its own government. The
merchants have become very rich because of their access to the Mediterranean trade so they
are not pursuing alternate routes to Asia. That is why Christopher Columbus has to ask Spain
to sponsor his voyages even though he is Italian. Their rich merchants along with the rich
Popes become patrons of the art, leading to the Italian Renaissance.
Western Europe
In the 1450’s nation-states had recently been
united by strong monarchs. By the 1750’s,
Spain controlled all of Latin America and
France and Britain controlled North America.
Western European powers also had control of
coastal parts of Africa and India. Western
European powers also controlled the Atlantic
and Indian Ocean trade.
At this point, Japan, China, Russia and the
Ottoman Empires remained free of European
control.
Western
Europe
Hanseatic League 1300’s
Hundred Years’ War = Strong monarchs
in 1336-1445
England and
France
The Reconquista
of Spain
Exploration
Zheng He voyages
1405 - 1433
Portuguese caravel 1470’s
Columbus’ voyages 1492
God, Glory and Gold
Chinese Junk
Read page 384 in white
book on new technology
coming into Europe.
Why? To gain new tributary states for his Chinese emperor.
Technology that made it possible .
..
astrolabe
Developed by Greeks
but used widely and
brought to Europe by
the Arabs through
Spain.
caravel
compass
Chinese invention
with lateen triangular
sails
Invented by the Portuguese; used by
Spanish explorers also.
Europeans make
contact
with
non-Europeans
• By 1550,
Portugal had gained control of
coastal ports in Africa and India.
Portugal was never able to control the
Indian Ocean trade but it had gained
control of key ports. Portugal
established a commercial empire.
• By 1550, Spain had set up its empire in
the Americas. Spain established an
overseas empire.
What were the motives for European exploration?
page 383 in white book
What new European technology made exploration
possible?
page 384 in white book
Describe Portuguese interactions with the King of Benin.
pages 389 - 390
Describe Portuguese interactions with the King of Kongo.
pages 390, 396-397
Describe Portuguese interactions with rulers of eastern
Africa.
page 390
Describe Portuguese involvement in trading posts in India,
China and Southeast Asia.
pages 391-393
Describe the Spanish conquest of the Aztec and Inca
Empires.
pages 393 - 399
Treaty of Tordesillas
Pope Alexander VI settles
dispute
between
Portugal
and
1494
Spain
Events in Europe
See next 3 slides for more info.
• Italian and Northern Renaissance
1400’s
• Protestant Reformation 1520’s
• Catholic Reformation 1550’s
• Scientific Revolution 1500’s and 1600’s
The Italian Renaissance
A rebirth of Greco-Roman culture
Humanism
Individualism
Secularism
Rafael’s School of Athens
The Medici family of Florence
civic humanism
Michelangelo’s
David
Northern
Renaissanc
e
Protestant
Reformation
Catholic Reformation
Martin Luther at the
Diet of Worms 1521
Erasmus of
Rotterdam
Christian Humanism
Ignatius Loyola and
Francis Xavier begin
The Jesuits,
The Society of Jesus
Scientific Revolution
Kepler’s elliptical motion of plants
Ptolemaic Theory Copernican
Theory
Gallileo
The Royal Society of London 1645
The French Academy of Sciences
1666
European Governments, Religions and
Dynasties
What Muslim empire do you see
threatening Europe?
England:
Constitutional
Monarchy
Protestant
France:
Absolute
Monarchy
Catholic
Portugal
Catholic
Spain
Absolute Monarchy
Catholic
The Dutch Republic
Protestant
Prussia
Monarchy
Protestant
Austrian Empire
Habsburg
Dynasty
Catholic
Italian
city-states
How did England become a
constitutional monarchy?
• Magna Carta 1215 • nobles able to limit power of English
kings (monarchs)
• English Civil War - 1642 - 1646
• Parliament’s army vs. king’s army.
• Glorious Revolution 1688
• English Bill of Rights 1689 - DONE!
Read page 422 in white book.
How did France become an
absolute
French religious
wars inmonarchy?
the late 1500’s (Huguenots vs.
•
• Valois Dynasty is replaced by the Bourbon
Catholics)
Dynasty.
• Bourbon Dynasty raised money by selling titles of
nobility and they ruled without the Estates
General.
• French theorists supported the rulers by
promoting the idea of divine right to rule - king’s
power comes from God.
• LouisRead
XIV pages
rules 1638-1718
the
“Sun
King”
422 - 423 in white book.
• The government regulates (controls)
page the
468 in white
the economy in order to Read
increase
book.
wealth of the nation.
Mercantilism
• Colonies exist for the enrichment of
their mother country.
• Export more than import so your
exports are paid for with silver silver
and gold bullions.
• Europeans states followed this
economic policy between 1450 and
1750
• Companies received a charter,
permission from their government, to
monopolize (control) trade in a certain
The Dutch Republic
Protestant
Dutch flyboat
Dutch West India Company
Holland = richest province
Amsterdam - largest city
financial capital of Europe
joint-stock companies
Amsterdam Exchange 1530
bourgeoisie - middle class
Dutch East India Co.