Transcript Europeans Explore the East

Europeans
Explore the
East
Main Idea – Advances in
sailing technology enabled
Europeans to explore other
parts of the world.
Setting the Stage…
 By
the early 1400’s, Europeans were ready
to venture beyond their borders.
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New spirit of adventure
Curiosity
A Map of the Known World
For “God, Glory, and Gold”
1.
Luxury Goods- want a faster and safer
trade route to Asia.
2.
Renaissance  curiosity about other lands
and peoples.
3.
Monarchs seeking new sources of
revenue.
4.
Technological advances.
5.
Fame and fortune.
6.
Want to stop the spread of Islam- Spread
Christianity!
The Crusades
 People
in Europe were introduced to fine
luxury goods & spices from Asia during the
Crusades (war between Christians &
Muslims for Holy Land 1096-1270)
 After the Crusades ended, Europeans
demanded these goods & spices to
“spice up” their dull/bland lives
Trade…
 Muslims
& Italians controlled the trade of
goods from East to West
 Muslims sold Asian goods to Italian
merchants, who controlled trade across
the land routes of the Mediterranean
region
 Italians resold the items at increased
prices to make $$$$
And…
 High
prices didn’t make Europeans happy
(since they are paying higher prices)
 We
have to find a sea route directly to
Asia!!!!
The Spread of Christianity
 Hostility
left between Christians & Muslims
 European Christians believed they had a
sacred duty not only to continue fighting
Muslims but to convert non-Christians
throughout the world
Bartolomeau Dias
 Portuguese
explorer
 Hoped to help “Christianize” goods
 “To serve God and His Majesty, to give
light to those who were in darkness and to
grow rich as all men desire to do”
Technology make Exploration
Possible
 Main
problem – European ships could not
sail against the wind
 Designed a new ship – the CARAVEL
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Sturdier
Triangle sails (adopted from the Arabs)
Navigational Techniques
 Astrolabe
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Perfected by the Muslims
Brass circle with carefully adjusted rings
marked off in degrees
Using the rings to sight the stars, a captain
can calculate latitude (how far north or
south of the equator the ship was)
Compass
 Perfected
by the Chinese
Astrolabe – Arabia
Compass / Sextant – China
Portugal leads the Way…
 First
European country to establish trading
outposts along the west coast of Africa
Prince Henry
The Portuguese explore Africa
 Strong
government support
 Prince Henry (son of king & queen)
 1415- helped conquer the Muslim city of
Ceuta in North Africa
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Wished to spread the Christian faith
Founded a navigation school
 Mapmakers,
instrument makers, shipbuilders,
scientists, sea captains = perfect trade skills
Ceuta
 Portuguese
filled with
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invaders found exotic stores
Pepper
Cinnamon
Cloves
Large supplies of gold
Silver
Jewels
Trading Posts
 Portuguese
established trading posts
along west Africa’s shoreline
 Gold
 Ivory
 Need a sea route to Asia
Portuguese reach Asia
 Believed
they had to sail around the
southern tip of Africa
 1488 – Bartholomeu Dias ventured down
to the tip of Africa
 Huge storm forced them to the south east
side of Africa
 Considered sailing to India but…. Low on
food and supplies, turned home.
Vasco de Gama
 1498
– reached Calicut, southwestern
coast of India
 Amazed by spices, rare silks, gems
 Filled ships up
 Cargo was worth 60 times the cost of the
voyage
 27,000 mile trip – direct sea route to India
Spain – Christopher Columbus
 Became
Jealous of Portuguese
 1492 – Christopher Columbus convinced
Spain to finance a trip to sail west across
the Atlantic to get to Asia
October 1492
 Reached
the Caribbean, thought it was
the West Indies
 Voyage
increased tensions between
Spain & Portugal

Portugal thought he had reached Asia and
claimed it “Spain territory”
Pope Alexander VI
 1493
– stepped in to keep peace
between Spain & Portugal
 He suggested an imaginary dividing line,
drawn north to south through the Atlantic
Ocean
 Lines of west – Line of Demarcation. SPAIN
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Includes most of the Americas
All lands east – PORTUGAL
Treaty of Tordesillas
 1494
Spain & Portugal signed in which
they agreed to honor the line created by
Pope Alexander VI
Portugal’s Trading Empire
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Bustling trading empire throughout the Indian
Ocean
Took control of the spice trade from Muslims
Built a fort at Hormuz in 1514, connecting the
Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea – stopped
Muslims traders from reading India
1510 – Captured Goa , Port City on India's
west coast
Malacca
 Islands
so rich in spices
 Spice Islands – Malay Peninsula
 Lead
Portugal to break the Muslim-Italian
domination on trade from the East
Ferdinand Magellan
 1521
- Spanish expedition arrived in
Philippines
 Spain claimed the islands and started
settling them in 1565
 By early 1600’s the rest of Europe begun
to move into Asia to set up trade empires
 Around
1600 the English & Dutch start to
challenge Portugal’s dominance
 The Dutch Republic (Netherlands)
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
Spain had ruled the area
1581 the people if the region declared their
independence
Netherlands
 Became
a leading sea power
 Owned the largest fleet of ships in the
world – 20,000 vessels
 Dutch & English battled for control of Asia
East India Company
 Formed
to establish and direct trade
throughout Asia
 Companies
had the power to mint
money, make treaties, and raise their own
armies
Dutch East India Company
 Richer
& more powerful than England’s
company
 Dutch drove out the English and
established their dominance in Asia
Amsterdam
 Netherlands
capital
 Became a leading commercial center
 By
1700 Dutch ruled much of Indonesia
 Several trading posts in several Asian
countries
 Controlled Cape of Good Hope, southern
tip of Africa – resupply stop
British & French Traders
 English
East Trading Company focused on
establishing outposts in India
 Successful business in trading Indian Cloth
 France failed
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