Transcript The Spread of New Ideas

The Renaissance &
Exploration
The color of the day is:
Yellow
Origin of Exploration
 By the 1400’s the new monarchs of France,
Spain, England, and Portugal were seeking
new trade routes to Asia. They envied the
riches of the Italian cities but could not break
the monopoly of the Mediterranean trade
with Asia.
 Although they did not know much about the
geography of India, China and SE Asia they
looked for new direct sea routes to them.
Sea Travel
New Ideas helped promote sea travel
– CARAVEL- newly designed ships capable of
sea travel.
– New inventions of the compass from India
– Newly created maps by through the use study
of Greek writings
– Spirit of the Renaissance allowed for more risks
to be taken by individuals.
Portugal Explorers
 Portugal's Prince
Henry the Navigator
took the lead in
European sea
exploration beginning
in the 1400’s. Began a
school for sailing. His
explorers navigated
down the west coast of
Africa.
Portugal Explorers
 Bartholomeu Dias &
Vasco De GamaCharted the way
around Africa to India
Portugal
 Portugal quickly
claimed the lands for
their own in Africa and
Brazil in South
America.
 In large part because
of Prince Henry the
Navigator Portugal led
the way in Exploration.
Spain
 Spain entered the
quest for trade.
Isabella and Ferdinand
were convinced by an
Italian sailor that he
could Asia by sailing
west from Spain.
 They funded first
expeditions to
“America”
Columbus
 In 1492 Christopher
Columbus become the
1st European to land in
the Bahamas or North
America. Believing he
had reached the India,
he called the people of
the land “Indians”
Exploration
 He sailed on the three
famous ships:
– Nina
– Pinta
– Santa Maria
Exploration
Spanish Explorers
 1513 Spaniard Vasco
Nunez de Balboa
reached the Pacific
Ocean crossing central
America to get there.
Spanish Explorers
 1519 –1522 – Spanish
ships under the
command of Ferdinand
Magellan sailed
around South America
and across the pacific
to the Philippines to
complete the first trip
around the world.
 Magellan was killed in
the Philippines.
Exploration
French Explorers
 French Explorers
sailed up and down the
Saint Lawrence River
and the eastern coast
of North America. 1608
French sailor Samuel
de Champlain
established a colony in
Quebec in Canada. Eh
French Explorers
French sailor La Salle
navigated down the
Mississippi River to
establish New Orleans
in 1718.
Colonization
 England- In 1607
established the first
permanent settlement
for England in the “new
world”. It was
Jamestown in modern
day Virginia.
 Later founded 13 other
colonies which will
become the first states
of the United State.
Other Explorers
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Other explorers claimed land for their countries:
De Soto- Claimed areas in Florida and Cuba
Cortez- Conquered Aztecs in Mexico for Spain
Pizarro- Conquered Incas in Mexico for Spain
Amerigo Vespuchi- Our country named after this
famous explorer.
 Henry Hudson- claimed areas in Canada and N.
America
What were the effects of all of
this exploration?
The Good
 Led to the establishment of
new and powerful
societies.
 Exchange of new items that
greatly influenced the lives of
people throughout the world.
 Wealth from the Americas
resulted in new business and
trade practices in Europe.
 Europe:
– Brought Gold, silver, sugar,
potatoes, corn.
 Americas:
– Cattle, horses, wheat, and
sugarcane.
The Bad
 Diseases such as
smallpox , killed
millions of Native
Americans.
 Slavery was
expanded into the
Americas. (The stable
life based on tradition
and family in Africa will
be gone)
Atlantic Slave Trade
 Around 1500, European colonists in the
Americas needed cheap labor and began using
enslaved Africans on plantations and farms.
 Slavery had existed in Africa for centuries but it
was a relatively minor institution.
– It wouldn’t be until the colonization of the Americas
when that would change.
 Europeans saw advantages in using Africans
in the Americas.
– Many had been exposed to European diseases
– Many had experiences in farming and could be
taught plantation work.
– Less likely to escape b/c they didn’t know the new land.
 Atlantic Slave Trade - the buying and selling of
Africans for work in the Americas.
– 1500-1600 nearly 300,000 Africans were transported
to the Americas.
– Next century – it climbed to almost 1.3 million
– By the time it ended (1870) Europeans had imported
about 9.5 million Africans to the Americas.
 Many African rulers played a willing role in the
Atlantic Slave Trade.
– They captured Africans to be enslaved then
delivered them to the Europeans in exchange for
gold, guns and other goods.
 Africans transported to the Americas were part of
a transatlantic trading network known as the
Triangular Trade.
– Slaves and other goods were carried between
Africa, Europe and the colonies in the Americas.
 Upon arriving in the Americas, captured Africans
were auctioned off to the highest bidder.
 Consequences:
– Numerous African cultures lost generations of their
fittest members
– Countless families were torn apart
Europe Rules
 The Age of Exploration marks the beginning of
a period when Europe dominated much of the
world. That period lasted more than 400 years,
from the 1500’s to the 1900’s.
 The people of Europe had gained political
mastery over two huge continents, North &
South America.
 Europe was also the undisputed masters of the
ocean!!!