Transcript Age of Exploraton

Age of Exploration
Chapter 13
“God, Glory, and Gold”
What does this mean?
Motives and Means
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What caused them to undertake such
dangerous voyages to the ends of the earth?
Economic motives were one of reasons that
Europeans pushed for expansion. Merchants,
adventurers, and state officials had high hopes
of expanding trade for spices in the far east.
Europeans were tired of paying the Arab
middlemen high prices to ship in spices, they
believed there was a better way to receive the
spices.
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One Spanish Explorer wrote that he
went to the Americas “ to give light to
those who were in darkness, and to
grow rich, as all men desire to do.”
Another reason behind the push for
exploration is religious zeal. Many
explorers shared the belief that they
must convert the heathens, to the
catholic faith.
Finally the last reason explorers left in
search for new worlds was for glory,
grandeur and for the spirit of
adventure.
The Italians
Marco Polo
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Italian Merchant
First who traveled
the length of Asia
Served 20 years of
Kublai Khan
Wrote Books about
products of the
Orient
Christopher Columbus
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Believe the earth was
round.
Planned to sail westward to
Asia
Financed by Ferdinand and
Isabella of Spain
3 Ships, Nina, Pinta and
the Santa Maria.
Landed on San Salvador on
Oct. 12, 1492
Died penniless and in
prison.
Portuguese Empire
Portuguese Empire
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Portugal took the lead in European
exploration. In 1420, Prince Henry
the Navigator sponsored the
Portuguese fleets that sailed along
the western coast of Africa. They
found gold. Europeans named the
west coast of Africa the “Gold Coast”.
Prince Henry
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Developed a
navigation school.
Explored the west
coast of Africa.
Ironically he never
sailed.
His goal was to
find a route to Asia
for spice trade
Bartholomew Dias
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In 1488,
Bartholomeu Dias
rounded the tip of
Africa looking for a
route to India.
Sailed looking for
treasures.
Sailed for King
John II
Vasco da Gama
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Opened the sea route to India
by way of the Cape of Good
Hope at the southern tip of
Africa.
Nationality - Portuguese
Lifespan - 1469 – 1524
Education - Well educated
befitting his status
Career - Explorer and
Navigator
Famous for : Discovered an
ocean route from Portugal to
the East, assumed to be
impossible feat as it was
believed that the Indian
Ocean was not connected to
any other seas
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Both Spain and Portugal feared the other
would get more powerful, and claim some
of it’s newly “discovered” land.
They resolved the problem by agreeing on
a line of Demarcation dividing their new
domains. In 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas
they decided on a north-to-south line
through the Atlantic Ocean and the
easternmost part of South America.
Portugal claimed the unexplored land east
of the line and Spain claimed the west.
Spain
Vasco de Balboa
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Crossed the Isthmus of the
Panama and Discovered the
Pacific ocean in 1513
Realized the vast ocean between
the New World and the Far East
Nationality - Spanish
Lifespan - 1475 - 1519
Family - Poor Spanish family
Education - Uneducated
Career - Spanish Conquistador
and Explorer
Famous as the first European
to see the Pacific Ocean from
its eastern shore after
crossing the Isthmus of
Panama overland in 1513
Magellan
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Nationality - Portuguese
Lifespan - 1480 - 1521
Family - son of wealthy Mayor.
Education - Tutored at the Court of
Portugal
Career - Explorer and Navigator
Famous for : Ferdinand Magellan a
Portuguese sea captain who led
five Spanish ships and 251 men in
the first voyage around the World
The government of Spain provided
the 5 ships for the expedition Ferdinand Magellan Ships
• Magellan commanded the
Trinidad
Funded by the Spanish
Proved the world was round. Only one
of his ships made it home,
He was killed in the Phillippines
France
Jacques Cartier
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Nationality - French
Lifespan - 1491 - 1557
Family
Education - Well educated
Career - Explorer and
Navigator
Famous for : leading three
expeditions to Canada. Cartier
named Canada "Kanata"
meaning village or settlement
in the Huron-Iroquois
language
Samuel de Champlain
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Nationality - French
Lifespan - 1567 - 1635
Family - Son of Antoine
Champlain, a sea captain,
and Marguerite Le Roy
Education - Well educated
Career - French Explorer,
Cartographer and
Navigator
Famous as : The Founder
of Quebec City. Known as
'The Father of Canada‘
At 40 years old he married
12 year old Helen-Yes
quite legal.
Slave trade
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In the 15th century, the primary market
for African slaves was Southwest Asia,
where they were used principally as
domestic slaves.
The Demand for slaves rose dramatically
with the European voyages to the
Americas and the planting of sugar cane
there.
PlantationsTriangular Trade- refers to the route that
the Spanish ships used when transporting
the African slaves to the Americas in1518.
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The slaves were shipped and sold in
Americas. Europeans merchants then
brought tobacco, molasses, sugar,
and cotton for sale in Europe.
It is estimated 275,000 African
slaves were exported during the 16th
century.
In the 17th century the number rose
to 1 million. 6 million in the 18th.
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One reason for the high numbers
was the death rate. Many slaves died
on the middle passage. Many that
survived the middle passage died of
diseases after arriving.
Before the Europeans entered the
slave trade, most slaves were African
war captives.
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The slave trade depopulated areas,
deprived African communities of the their
youngest and strongest men and women.
According to a Dutch slave trader “ From
us they learned strife, quarreling
drunkenness, trickery, theft, unbridled
desire for what is not one’s own.”