Transcript SS4H2 The student will describe European exploration in North

SS4H2 The student will describe European
exploration in North America.
a. Describe the reasons for, obstacles to, and
accomplishments of the Spanish, French, and
English explorations of
John Cabot,
Vasco Núñez de Balboa,
Juan Ponce de León,
Christopher Columbus,
Henry Hudson, and
Jacques Cartier.
b. Describe examples of cooperation and conflict
between Europeans and Native Americans.
Age of Exploration
Chapter 3
Lesson 1
Pages 84-87
Before 1500, most Europeans, Asians,
and Africans did not know the
Americas existed.
Travelers to distant places were often merchants.
What is a merchant?
A. A person who travels looking for gold
B. A person who buys and sells goods
C. A person who builds ships
A merchant is person who buys and sells goods.
Marco Polo, a merchant from
Italy, traveled to China.
He wrote of his travels, telling
of the gold and riches he saw
in the Emperor’s palace.
Marco Polo’s stories
encouraged others to travel to
China and they returned with
silk, spices, and other goods.
Merchants became rich by
bringing goods from Asia to
Europe on the Silk Road.
Italy
China
The Silk Road was not one road, but
several trade routes connecting China to
Europe.
Time to
combine
Social Studies
and Math
Lesson 2
Pages 90-93
The Renaissance
Renaissance means
rebirth.
Europeans became
more interested in
learning and
Technology – the use of scientific knowledge to
do things better and more rapidly.
Imagine if every book
in the library – in
EVERY library – was
written by hand.
How many books do you
think we would have?
Without books,
how would people learn?
In 1454, Johannes Gutenberg
developed the printing press.
The press made it possible to
print many copies of a page of
type quickly.
What changes do you
think this caused?
The printing press allowed
books and ideas to spread
across Europe.
New technology also helped European exploration
by making navigation easier and more accurate.
Navigation is the science of planning and
controlling the direction of a ship.
Europeans learned about a
navigation tool called the
astrolabe from North
Africans.
An astrolabe is a tool that measured the height
of the sun or a star above the horizon.
Using an astrolabe sailors could tell how far
north or south of home they were.
European sailors also learned about the compass
from North Africans.
A Chinese invention that helped sailors was
gunpowder. Gunpowder was used in guns and
cannons. How would this help sailors?
Gunpowder enabled sailors to defend their ship
and protect themselves.
A sea route to
Asia was much
longer than the
Silk Road , but
the sea trip was
faster.
Portugal was
the first
European
country to find
a sea route.
Bartolomeu Dias was to
search for a legendary
Christian priest and African
king -- and challenge the
Muslim dominance of trade
with Asia.
By 1488 Dias had unknowingly
rounded the African
continent in a storm and
made landfall at what is now
Mossel Bay.
On his return voyage
he discovered what he
called the Cape of
Storms, later renamed the Cape of
Good Hope.
Although he did not
find any sign of an
African Christian,
Bartolomeu Dias’s
voyage established
a sea route from
the Atlantic Ocean
to the Indian
Ocean and Asia.
Vasco da Gama
finished what Dias had
started.
When he got to India, his
final destination, he
bought spices and silk
cloth.
When he got back to
Portugal, those things
were proof that there
were great treasures in
India.
Da Gama
sailed around
the Cape of
Africa and
proved it was
possible to
reach Africa’s
east coast.
Now it’s your
turn to explore
and record your
findings with
paper and pencil.
Lesson 3
Pages 96-101
In 1492, _______________sailed the ocean blue.
In 1492, Christopher Columbus
sailed the ocean blue.
Christopher Columbus went to King Henry
VIII of England and John II of Portugal
to ask for money for his trip. They both
told him “no.”
He then asked Queen Isabella and King
Ferdinand of Spain to sponsor a Voyage.
After three times of saying no to him,
she finally agreed because Columbus was
always talking about how wealthy Spain
would become.
Columbus' idea was to sail west from
Europe to Asia to get spices and gold.
The King and Queen also wanted to teach
others about their religion, Roman
Catholicism.
Christopher Columbus departed on his first voyage from southern
Spain, on August 3, 1492, in command of three ships: the Niña, the
Pinta and the Santa Maria.
Columbus had expected the
voyage to take four weeks,
but that deadline came and
went without sighting land.
The crews of his ships
became restless and some
argued that a return to
Spain was in order.
On October 10, Columbus
struck a deal with his men: if
no land was found in the next
three days, they would turn
back for Spain.
At two hours past midnight on October 12, land was sighted
by Rodrigo de Triana (also known as Juan Rodriguez), a sailor
aboard the Pinta.
Columbus went ashore the next morning at an island he
called San Salvador
Upon reaching the land,
Columbus fell to his knees,
thanked God for a safe
voyage and planted a flag in
the ground, claiming the
land for Spain - as the
Tainos who had lived there
for 1,000 years watched
from behind trees and
bushes.
The Taino had never before seen white men, clothed
people, people with beards or ships like that - they
thought these people must be from heaven.
So the Taino came out to greet them, as was their
custom, and brought the travelers - who surely must have
been tired and hungry - food, drink and gifts.
He thought it was
close to India.
He called the peaceful
Taíno people who lived
there Indians.
The Columbian Exchange
The Spanish rulers wanted Columbus to
start a settlement and look for gold.
Columbus brings to
“The New World”
potatoes, corn,
beans,
peanuts, and cacao
.
horses, cows, pigs,
wheat,
barley, and sugar cane
The Spanish also carried
new diseases.
Columbus takes back
to Spain
This movement of plants and animals between Europe, Asia, Africa, and the
Americas is called the Columbian Exchange.
Results of The Columbian Exchange
Spain
Columbus returned to
Spain with maize
(corn), peanuts,
tomatoes, cacao
(chocolate), peppers,
beans, and squash.
Potatoes became an
important food in
Europe.
The Tainos
The new settlement
destroyed many
plants and animals.
Europeans cut down
the rain forests to
build sugar
plantations.
Most of the
Taíno died from
the new diseases
the Europeans
brought.
Amerigo Vespucci – An Italian explorer
who made several voyages to South America
and the Caribbean.
He was the first person to realize that he and
Columbus had not reached Asia but a continent
unknown to Europeans.
The Americas are named for this explorer.
Vasco Nunez de Balboa was
a Spanish explorer who sailed to sailed
to Panama and crossed he mountains
and jungles. He was the first to reach
the Pacific Ocean.
Ferdinand Magellan was a
Portugal soldier and sailor who was
the first person to circumnavigate
the world.
Circumnavigate is to sail
completely around something.
Magellan sailed his ships into the Pacific Ocean in 1520
and named it Pacific (which means “peaceful”) because it
looked calm.
A good explorer
takes good notes
and records what
he or she learns.
Let’s see what you