Transcript Document
D-STAR
D-STAR Repeater Basics
Icom America Inc.
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What is D-STAR?
D-STAR:
Digital Smart Technology for Amateur Radio
Open protocol, published by the JARL (Japanese Amateur Radio League).
Available to be implemented by anyone.
Digital voice (DV) and Digital Data (DD) operation.
Currently, Icom is the first and only radio manufacturer selling D-STAR radios in
the USA.
http://www.arrl.org/FandES/field/regulations/techchar/
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What is D-STAR?
Icom D-STAR Digital Voice and Digital Data rates.
144 and 440 MHz data rate – 4800 bps
Digital voice @ 3600 bps (including error correction)
Digital data @ 1200 bps
1.2 GHz Data rate – 128 kbps
High speed data @ 128 kbps (Ethernet connection)
or
Digital voice @ 3600 bps (including error correction)
Digital data @ 1200 bps
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What’s required?
Repeater Call Sign
First, you need is a unique / club call for the repeater.
* You can not have the same call sign in 2 different “roles” in the D-STAR
network. (eg, the repeater call sign can not also be your individual call sign.)
You will need a unique / club call sign for your repeater system that is not
used anywhere else in the network.
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What’s required?
Repeater Components
Next, you need the desired repeater modules. The RP2C is REQUIRED
for the D-STAR repeater system.
The current D-STAR repeater modules are:
RP2D
1.2GHz, 128K Digital Data (DD)
RP2V
1.2GHz Digital Voice (DV)
RP4000V
440MHz Digital Voice (DV)
RP2000V
144MHz Digital Voice (DV)
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What’s required?
Additional hardware
Each physical install is different. What your install requires may vary.
Examples of additional equipment:
Duplexers
Power Supply
Antennas
Window Filter
D-STAR
RP2C Controller
Icom America Inc.
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Gateway Configuration Diagram
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What’s required?
Programming PC (Windows)
To program the repeater controller and frequencies you need:
Windows based PC with at least 1 Ethernet and 1 USB port
USB A to B cable
Ethernet cable (not crossover)
Install the included software on the Windows PC for:
ID-RP2C
ID-RP2VD
ID-PR2000V
ID-RP4000V
What’s required?
Before programming you must know the IP address of your RP2C
controller.
Default: 172.16.0.1
Recommended: 172.16.0.10
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RP2C controller
The controller is programmed via the Ethernet port on the front.
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RP2C controller
We must configure the PC to the same IP scheme as the controller to
program.
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RP2C controller
Start the RP2C software and enter the controller IP address in the
“Network Setup”.
Default from Icom is either 172.16.0.1 or 172.16.0.10
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RP2C controller
Click the “Read” button and enter the password.
(PASSWORD, all in caps, is the default password.)
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RP2C controller
Now, you should see
something like this
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RP2C controller
Enter the repeater call sign
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RP2C controller
Select the “module
configuration” from the
drop down menu.
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RP2C controller
Select the “active ports”
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RP2C controller
And assign the proper
module letter
designation.
Recommended designations:
RP2D (1.2 GHZ)
RP4000V (UHF)
RP2000V (VHF)
A
B
C
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RP2C controller
The RP2V and RP2D must
be “A”.
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RP2C controller
Select “Use Gateway” if
connecting to a gateway
PC.
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RP2C controller
Click “Write” to save the
settings to the controller
Repeater Module
The repeater modules are programmed via the USB ports on the front of
the repeater. There is one port for TX and one port for RX.
Repeater Module
D-STAR
Router / Linux Configuration
Icom America Inc.
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Gateway Configuration Diagram
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What’s required?
Internet Connection (Fixed IP address)
The D-STAR gateway software REQUIRES a fixed IP address and, at
least a DSL speed connection.
You will also need a router capable of:
Class “A” internal subnet (LAN) 10.0.0.1 / 255.0.0.0
Port forwarding
Setting a fixed IP address, such as for PPPoE for WAN
Refer to the RS-RP2C manual for additional requirements.
(The Linksys WRV54G meets all the requirements)
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What’s required?
Gateway server PC (Linux)
This is what we are here for, right?
Minimum PC requirements (per Icom)
Linux OS (recommend Fedora Core 3 or 4)
Pentium grade 2.4GHz or faster CPU
At least 512MB RAM
2 LAN cards (NIC from Intel recommended)
At least 10GB hard drive free space
**These instructions are based on a Linux Fedora Core 3 install.**
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Router settings
Make sure your “local IP”
settings are set as
shown.
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Router settings
You need to forward a few
ports through the
router.
Data sync: 20005
TCP
Voice RX: 40000
UDP
Data RX:
TCP
40001
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Router settings
You may also want to allow
additional ports like:
SSH:
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Gateway server
configuration
Select “statically set IP”
Input the settings for eth0 as
shown
Eth0 (LAN side)
Address: 10.0.0.2
Subnet: 255.0.0.0
Def Gateway: 10.0.0.1
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Gateway server
configuration
Select “static IP” for eth1 as
well and enter the proper
settings.
Eth1 (gateway / RP2C side)
Address: 172.16.0.20
Subnet: 255.0.0.0
Def Gateway: none
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Gateway server
configuration
Select the “DNS” tab.
Set the Primary DNS as shown
in the manual.
When complete, close and
save.
Primary DNS: 127.0.0.1
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Gateway server
configuration
Add these lines to the
named.conf with your
favorite Linux text
editor.
Syntax is VERY important
here.
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Gateway server
configuration
Create a new folder
“/var/dsipsvd”
This is where the software
stores the backup
files.
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Gateway server
configuration
Next, you need to create
the “dstar.local.db”
database file, once
again using your
favorite Linux text
editor.
This file will reside at:
/var/named/chroot/var/named/dstar
.local.db
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Gateway server
configuration
Syntax is VERY important in this
file!
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Gateway server
configuration
After creating the
dstar.local.db file,
activate and re-start
the “named” service.
Select and edit “runlevel 3”
from the menu.
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Gateway server
configuration
In Runlevel 3, and
Runlevel 5 click on
“named” and then click
“restart”
* An error in the “named”
configuration is a common
cause for the gateway to not
operate properly.
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Gateway server
configuration
In a terminal window, type:
dig router.dstar.local
You should see an answer
like this
If it’s all correct, you should
see the router’s IP
address here
(10.0.0.1)
D-STAR
Gateway Software
Icom America Inc.
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Gateway Configuration Diagram
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What’s required?
D-STAR / Gateway software
Icom’s Gateway software is a licensed vendor product, and can not be
copied, shared or re-distributed.
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Gateway software
configuration
Double click the
application to extract.
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Gateway software
configuration
Make sure to extract the
program to the “root”
directory.
(A new folder will be created.)
DO NOT create a dstar directory.
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Gateway software
configuration
Edit the following in the
dsipsvd.conf file:
TRUST_SERVER
ZR_CALLSIGN
IPSV_ADDR
DNS_ZONE_FILE_PATH
NAMED_PID_FILE
NOTE: The IP address of the Icom
test system is
65.102.167.146
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MAC address
Type the command “arp” in
a terminal window.
Look for 10.0.0.1 and the
MAC address
connected to it.
Take note of the MAC
address for use in the
dsgwd.conf file.
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Gateway software
configuration
Edit the following in the
dsgwd.conf file:
ZR_ADDR
ZR_CALLSIGN
DNS_MAC
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Gateway software
configuration
Add the lines here in the
/etc/syslog.conf file:
# for D-STAR
local0.*
/var/log/dsgwd.log
local2.*
/var/log/dsipsvd.log
Make sure to type this
right. It’s “local” before
the number.
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Gateway software
configuration
Now, let’s add the
command line to start
the software.
Insert the following in
/etc/rc.d/rc.local
/dstar/exec-mgsv
NOTE: Some manuals are
WRONG!
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Gateway software
configuration
Finally, change the default
runlevel to “3”
Locate the file: /etc/inittab
Change the runlevel to “3”
here.
D-STAR
Gateway Server Setup Verification
Icom America Inc.
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Setup Verification
You will want to check for
two services to be
running.
Type ps –ef | grep dstar
You should see at least two
programs running
dsipsvd
dsgwd
Without both, it will not
work!
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Setup Verification
If the services are not
running, we can check
the log file at:
/var/log
Both logs are saved as:
dsipsvd.log
dsgwd.log
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Setup Verification
The easiest way to see if it
synchronized is to look
at the dstar.local.db
file.
You can use the GUI by
typing “startx” on the
command line, if
desired.
Open the file:
/var/named/chroot/var/named/dstar
.local.db
D-STAR
Adding Users
Icom America Inc.
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Adding users
First, you need to reserve
IP’s for the users.
Open a terminal window
and type: cd /tmp
Next type:
Echo “reserve” >
/tmp/dsipsvd-cmdin
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Adding users
To see the reserved IP’s,
type:
cat /tmp/dsipsvd-cmdout
You should see results like
this
IP’s are reserved in blocks
of 32.
As the administrator, we
recommend creating
a log file to track
these IP addresses.
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Adding users
Now you can add the
users.
You will add 1 call sign
user per reserved IP
(fixed IP address,
10.x.x.x).
The command line is
shown in the guide.
Syntax is VERY important!
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Adding Users
From the linux command line:
Change directories to tmp
cd /tmp
The “add user”command format is:
echo "add {user_ID}|{area repeater call sign}|{zone repeater call sign}|{GW IP
address}|{users assigned IP address}|{alias name for DNS} > /tmp/dsipsvd-cmdin"
User ID is the users call sign it must be 8 characters. add spaces to
the end
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Adding Users
echo "add {user_ID}|{area repeater call sign}|{zone repeater call sign}|{GW IP
address}|{users assigned IP address}|{alias name for DNS} > /tmp/dsipsvd-cmdin"
Area Repeater Call Sign is the system call sign with the letter [A] in the
8th position, use spaces between the call sign and the [A]
Zone Repeater Call Sign is the system call sign it must be 8
characters add spaces to the end
GW IP Address is the public address of the gateway system
Users Assigned IP Address is the address assigned to the user by the
local address coordinator
Alias Name for DNS is the users call sign, in lower case, with no
spaces at the end.
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Adding Users
echo "add {user_ID}|{area repeater call sign}|{zone repeater call sign}|{GW IP
address}|{users assigned IP address}|{alias name for DNS} > /tmp/dsipsvd-cmdin"
The following is an example.
echo "add W7JRL71 |N7IH9 A|N7IH9 |65.102.167.146|10.140.194.xxx|w7jrl71" >
/tmp/dsipsvd-cmdin
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Important Points!
Only users added to the gateway can cross the D-STAR gateway to
access the network.
Once a user is added to the D-STAR gateway, they have gateway rights
via any D-STAR gateway pointed to the same trust server.
Any user can operate locally on the repeater, with or without a call sign.
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Adding users
Once all the users are
added, type:
cat /tmp/dsipsvd-cmdout
You should see, per the
number of entries:
200 Command OK
D-STAR
Checking GIP, RIP and MNG Tables
Icom America Inc.
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Gateway server
The gateway software uses 3 tables:
RIP – Reserved IP addresses
GIP – Gateway IP addresses
MNG – Call sign manage table
The backup tables are stored in the /var/dsipsvd folder
The “production” files are resident in memory, downloaded from the
trust server. You can “write” the tables to a text file to view, if
desired. You can not edit them direct because they are in memory.
All files are updated / merged automatically with the trust server and all
the other gateways on the network at least once a day.
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GIP (gateway IP), RIP (reserved IP) and MNG (call
sign manage) tables.
All 3 “Live” tables are in memory and can not be directly edited.
All 3 tables store a backup in the /var/dsipsvd folder.
You must “write” the tables from memory in order to view the current
files.
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“Writing” tables
From a terminal window,
type the command:
echo “write MNG /tmp/mng.txt” >
/tmp/dsipsvd-cmdin
Replace “MNG” with “GIP” or “RIP”
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“Writing” tables
View the files you just
created by typing:
cat /tmp/mng.txt
Replace “MNG” with “GIP” or “RIP”
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GIP (gateway IP) and RIP (reserved IP) tables.
D-STAR
Testing and Going “Live”
Icom America Inc.
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Testing and going “Live”
In order to go “live” on a D-STAR network, we recommend being 100%
functional on the Icom test system first. Contact Icom D-STAR
support team for testing at [email protected]
If you have ANY questions, contact Icom before you do something. We
don’t want to corrupt the network and make it bad for all the other
users.
Once operational on the “test” network, you need to “kill & clean” your
gateway, change the TRUST_SERVER IP address, and re-boot
your PC.
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Testing and going “Live” (cleaning)
To “clean” your system and start fresh (on the live network):
Kill all “DSTAR” services
1). Execute a 'ps -ef | grep dstar' command. This will give you the
process numbers for the dsgwd & dsipsvd processes.
2). Execute a 'kill xxx' command, where 'xxx' is the process number
revealed in step one, for each of the two processes.
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Testing and going “Live” (cleaning)
3). Execute a 'rm /var/dsipsvd/*.*' command. Verify the /var/dsipsvd
directory is empty.
4). Edit the file /var/named/chroot/var/named/dstar.local.db with a text
editor and delete any call sign entries after #DSTAR A RECORD.
5). Execute a 'cat /etc/dsipsvd.conf' command, and ensure that your
TRUST_SERVER points to the proper server IP for the desired
network xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
Use a text editor, such as joe or the GUI interface to change the
TRUST_SERVER IP, if needed.
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Testing and going “Live” (cleaning)
6) Execute a ‘reboot’ command on your gateway.
7) The gateway will come up clean, and pull new files from the
TRUST_SERVER, then re-synch with each of the other gateways.
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TRUST_SERVER
A trust server, IARoot, is provided by Icom as a service to the D-STAR
community.
There are other trust servers around the country such as USRoot
provided by K5TIT in Dallas TX.
You can use your own private trust server to create your own D-STAR
network or you can link to one of the other trust servers around the
country, if desired.
Any PC running the gateway software can be set as a trust server to
create your own private network.
The Gateway server MUST be located at the repeater. The 172.16.0.20
LAN segment (controller to gateway) is VERY sensitive to latency!
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Important Points!
All gateways pointed to the same trust server share the same GIP, RIP
and MNG tables.
These tables CAN NOT be changed or “cleaned-up” on your own. It
requires all connected gateways to be “killed” and “cleaned” first.
Once all connected gateways are “killed”, the trust server files can be
edited BEFORE any gateway is re-booted.
When the gateways are “cleaned” and re-booted, they will download the
new GIP, RIP and MNG tables from the TRUST_SERVER.
D-STAR
D-STAR radios
Icom America Inc.
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Icom ID-1
1.2GHz D-STAR amateur radio
Digital Voice, Digital Data and Analog Voice operation.
10 watt TX power.
PC control via USB or direct control via RC24 control head. USB Cable, software
and RC24 control head all provided.
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Icom IC-2200
144MHz D-STAR capable* amateur radio
Digital Voice, 1k Digital Data and Analog Voice operation.
65 watts TX power.
*Requires optional UT118 module for D-STAR operation
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Icom ID-800
144 / 440MHz D-STAR dual band amateur radio
Digital Voice, 1k Digital Data and Analog Voice operation.
55 / 50 watt TX power.
Detachable control head, 1 band at a time. Same chassis as the IC-208.
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Icom IC-V82 / U82
144 or 440MHz D-STAR capable* amateur radios
(mono band)
Digital Voice, 1k Digital Data and Analog Voice operation.
7 / 5 watts TX power.
*Requires optional UT118 module for D-STAR operation
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Icom IC-91AD
144 / 440MHz D-STAR amateur radio
(dual band)
Digital Voice, 1k Digital Data and Analog Voice operation.
5 watts TX power.
True dual band / display operation.
D-STAR
How it works
Icom America Inc.
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Understanding how it works
D-STAR utilizes call signs to “route” the radio call.
Every repeater must be assigned a unique call sign (club call
recommended).
Every owner / operator programs their radio with their own call sign.
Call sign is transmitted digitally with each transmission.
No need to voice ID with D-STAR since digital ID is part of each TX.
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Understanding how it works
Each radio has 4 call sign fields to be programmed. What you need to
know to program a radio is:
Operating frequency
MyCall
UrCall
Rpt1
Rpt2
Simplex or Duplex frequency
Your call sign (primary operator)
Call sign of the person / zone being called
1st repeater
2nd repeater
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Understanding how it works (Simplex)
To complete a local simplex call, program 2 fields along with the
frequency in the radio.
MyCall
UrCall
My call sign (eg. W7JRL)
Your call sign or “CQCQCQ”
MyCall - W7JRL
UrCall – CQCQCQ
MyCall - N9JA
UrCall – KD7DIQ
MyCall - KD7DIQ
UrCall – CQCQCQ
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Understanding how it works (Simplex)
In this example, all parties in digital mode hear all the traffic on the
simplex channel.
MyCall - W7JRL
UrCall – CQCQCQ
MyCall - N9JA
UrCall – KD7DIQ
MyCall - KD7DIQ
UrCall – CQCQCQ
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Understanding how it works (Repeater)
To complete a local zone repeater call, program 3 fields along with the
frequency in the radio.
MyCall
UrCall
Rpt1
My call sign (eg. W7JRL)
Your call sign or “CQCQCQ”
Local repeater call sign
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Understanding how it works (Repeater)
When you program your radio’s
“RP1” location, and the proper
frequency, your radio tells the
desired repeater to activate.
This is similar to PL tones in
analog.
Eg. MyCall
RPT1
UrCall
RPT2
W7JRL
N7IH A
CQCQCQ
nothing
N7IH Repeater
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Understanding how it works (Repeater)
Eg. MyCall
RPT1
UrCall
RPT2
W7JRL
N7IH A
CQCQCQ
nothing
In this example, the N7IH repeater
would activate on the repeater
frequency you were
transmitting on (1.2GHz).
(In this example, we are using the ID-1
radio.)
N7IH Repeater
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Understanding how it works (Repeater)
All parties on the local repeater channel will hear all the local radio
traffic on that frequency.
Repeater – N7IH
MyCall – W7JRL
UrCall – CQCQCQ
MyCall - N9JA
UrCall – CQCQCQ
Rpt1 – N7IH A
Rpt1 – N7IH A
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Understanding how it works (Gateway)
To complete a gateway repeater call, program all 4 call sign fields within
the radio.
Repeater must be connected to a gateway server PC.
MyCall
UrCall
Rpt1
Rpt2
My call sign (eg. W7JRL)
Your call sign or “/ zone” and module (eg. /K5TIT A)
Local repeater call sign
Local repeater + “G” as the 8th letter (eg. N7IH G)
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Understanding how it works (Repeater)
Eg. MyCall
RPT1
UrCall
RPT2
W7JRL
N7IH A
/K5TIT
N7IH G
In this example, the N7IH repeater
would activate on the repeater
frequency you were
transmitting (1.2GHz) and
then…
(In this example, we are using the ID-1
radio.)
N7IH Repeater
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Understanding how it works (Repeater)
Eg. MyCall
RPT1
UrCall
RPT2
W7JRL
N7IH A
/K5TIT
N7IH G
routed to the gateway and directed
to the proper remote repeater
through the internet.
N7IH Repeater
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Understanding how it works (Repeater)
Eg. MyCall
RPT1
UrCall
RPT2
W7JRL
N7IH A
/K5TIT
N7IH G
The gateway is told where to route
the call based on what is in the
“UrCall” field of the radio.
/K5TIT tells the gateway to route
the call to the K5TIT repeater.
The “/” means “zone call”.
N7IH Repeater
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Understanding how it works (Gateway)
Using “/” in front of the repeater call sign in the “UrCall” field activates
that “zone” (module) at the remote repeater.
Gateway / Internet
Repeater – N7IH
MyCall – W7JRL
UrCall – /K5TIT
Rpt1 – N7IH
Rpt2 – N7IH G
Repeater – K5TIT
MyCall - N9JA
UrCall – /N7IH
Rpt1 – K5TIT
Rpt2 – K5TIT G
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Understanding how it works (Repeater)
Eg. MyCall
RPT1
UrCall
RPT2
W7JRL
N7IH A
/K5TIT ?
N7IH G
Since we did not designate a
“module” in the “UrCall” field,
the system automatically
routes to the “A” module of the
remote repeater (K5TIT).
K5TIT Repeater
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Understanding how it works (Repeater)
Eg. MyCall
RPT1
UrCall
RPT2
W7JRL
N7IH A
/K5TIT C
N7IH G
If we add the “designator” as the 8th
letter, we can route to different
modules at the remote
repeater site.
K5TIT Repeater
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Understanding how it works (Repeater)
Eg. MyCall
RPT1
UrCall
RPT2
W7JRL
N7IH A
/K5TIT
N7IH G
Currently, you are not able to
activate more than 1 module at
the remote repeater site.
K5TIT Repeater
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Understanding how it works (Repeater)
Eg. MyCall
RPT1
UrCall
RPT2
W7JRL
N7IH A
N9JA
N7IH G
If you use the call sign of the
person you wish to call, the
gateway automatically routes
the call to the last known
location of that call sign within
the repeater network.
N7IH Repeater
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Understanding how it works (Gateway)
Using the call sign of the desired party to be reached in the “UrCall”
field automatically routes to wherever the radio was last heard.
Gateway / Internet
Repeater – N7IH
MyCall – W7JRL
UrCall – N9JA
Rpt1 – N7IH A
Rpt2 – N7IH G
Repeater – W1AW
MyCall - N9JA
UrCall – W7JRL
Rpt1 – W1AW A
Rpt2 – W1AW G
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Understanding how it works (Gateway)
In both examples, all parties on the local repeater and remote repeater
hear all the radio traffic on the frequency.
Gateway / Internet
Repeater – N7IH
MyCall – W7JRL
UrCall – /W1AW A
Rpt1 – N7IH A
Rpt2 – N7IH G
Repeater – W1AW
MyCall - N9JA
UrCall – /N7IH A
Rpt1 – W1AW A
Rpt2 – W1AW G
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Understanding how it works (Gateway)
Both radios must be properly programmed to operate via the gateway in
order for transmissions to be heard both directions.
Gateway / Internet
Repeater – N7IH
MyCall – W7JRL
UrCall – /W1AW A
Rpt1 – N7IH A
Rpt2 – N7IH G
Repeater – W1AW
MyCall - N9JA
UrCall – /N7IH A
Rpt1 – W1AW A
Rpt2 – W1AW G
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Understanding how it works (Gateway)
In this example, N9JA would hear W7JRL’s transmission but, W7JRL
would not hear N9JA since no gateway is selected.
Gateway / Internet
Repeater – N7IH
MyCall – W7JRL
UrCall – /W1AW A
Rpt1 – N7IH A
Rpt2 – N7IH G
Repeater – W1AW
MyCall - N9JA
UrCall – /N7IH A
Rpt1 – W1AW A
Rpt2 – none
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Understanding how it works (Repeater)
To complete a cross-band (cross-module) repeater call, program all 4
call sign fields within the radio. Repeater must have multiple voice
modules installed.
MyCall
UrCall
Rpt1
Rpt2
My call sign (eg. W7JRL)
Your call sign or “CQCQCQ”
Local repeater input module call sign (eg. N7IH A)
Local repeater output module as the 8th letter (eg. N7IH C)
Signal is repeated on both input and output frequencies / modules locally.
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Understanding how it works (Repeater)
Eg. MyCall
RPT1
UrCall
RPT2
W7JRL
N7IH A
CQCQCQ
N7IH C
When using the designator of
another local module in the
“RPT2” field, the call is routed
to that module locally.
N7IH Repeater
TSR
Understanding how it works (Repeater)
In this example, all parties listening on 1.2GHz and 440MHz would hear
all radio traffic.
Repeater – N7IH
MyCall – W7JRL
UrCall – CQCQCQ
MyCall - N9JA
UrCall – CQCQCQ
Rpt1 – N7IH A (1.2 GHz)
Rpt2 – N7IH C
Rpt1 – N7IH C (440 MHz)
Rpt2 – N7IH A
TSR
Understanding how it works (Repeater)
In this example, W7JRL would not hear N9JA reply because he is not
properly programmed for cross-band operation.
Repeater – N7IH
MyCall – W7JRL
UrCall – CQCQCQ
MyCall - N9JA
UrCall – CQCQCQ
Rpt1 – N7IH A (1.2 GHz)
Rpt2 – N7IH C
Rpt1 – N7IH C (440 MHz)
Rpt2 – none