Transcript PPP/SLIP Installation

Ethernet Hardware
• Cabling
– Twisted Pair
• 100 Meter length limit
• Point to Point
– Fiber
• Expense
• Point to Point
• 2000 meter length limit
Ethernet Cabling Cont.
– Coax (10 MB ethernet only)
• inexpensive
• Bus System (party line)
• Thin (185 Meter length limit)
– 30 connections/cable, min 18 inches between
• Thick (500 meter length limit)
– 200 connections, min 2.5M between
• Transceivers
10baseT/100baseT
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2 twisted pairs
Transmit/Receive
100 meter/328 foot distance limit
Uses standard telephone modular plugs
Category 3 (10mb) vs. Category 5 (100mb)
1
2
3
4
White/Orange
Orange/White
White/Green
Blue/White
5
6
White/Blue
Green/White
7
White/Brown
8
Brown/White
Ethernet Twist (hub-hub)
W/O
1
1
2
O/W
G/W
W/G
3
4
2
3
4
Hubs and Repeaters
• Hubs (Star topology)
Twisted Pair
Backbone
Fiber, Coax, Twisted Pair
(Twisted Pair may need
a twist!)
Hub Advantages
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Standard Telephone Wiring
Standard Punch Blocks and Cross Connects
Ability to disable a single port
Easier to monitor traffic patterns
Visible Indication of Link Status
If a wire is cut only one port is affected
– Unless the backbone feed is cut!
Coaxial Installation
Backbone
• Multidrop (Bus topology)
T
T=terminator
(50 ohm resistor)
Other computers
T Repeater T T
Repeater Rule 10MB
• 3 repeater rule
Repeater
System 1 can talk to Sys 2 but not Sys3
Repeater
Repeater
Repeater
System 1
Sys 2
Sys3
Network Diameter (100MB)
• 205 Meter Limit
5M
10MB diameter is 500M
Repeater
Repeater
100M
100M
Switches and Bridges
Repeater
Repeater
Bridge
Repeater
Repeater
Bridge Insides
Filter based on
ethernet address
Interface
Interface
LAN A
LAN B
Switch Insides
A
F
B
C
G
D
E
Switching based on
ethernet address
10baseT
100baseT to 10baseT
Hub/Bridge
100baseT hub
10baseT hub
100baseT
to
10baseT
Bridge
Module
100baseT
Ethernet Rules
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3 repeater (populated) limit
5 repeater per segment limit
7 bridges
Cable lengths
Number of stations/cable
Hubs
How to get around limits?
Switch
Other Lans
(switching
based on
IP address)
Firewall
ROUTER
To the Internet
Ethernet Errors
• Carrier Loss
• Collisions
– How many are tolerable?
• Jabber
• Runts
– Causes
• Tools
– tcpdump, snoop, traceroute, ping
Token Ring
4 or 16 MB/s
Mic (Media Interface Connector at each
computer)
MAU
• Multistation Access Unit
``
Ring in Ring out
Computer Ports
Appletalk
• EtherTalk
– uses ethernet
• LocalTalk
– Serial link at 230KB/s
• TokenTalk
• AppleShare
– File Sharing
• Zones
Routers
• Advantages
– Multi Protocol
– Broadcast filtering
• Disadvantages
– Cost
– Complexity
• Configuration
Buildings
Complex System
A
C
FDDI
Concentrator
Modems
Router
D
ATM Switch
Router
B
Primary
router
To
Internet
Routed vs. Switched Network
• Routed
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IP/IPX Layer Routing
Subnetted Network
Broadcast Filtering
More Expensive
Complex
Configuration
– Better Control
• Switched
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Ethernet Layer Routing
Flat Network
Broadcasts progagate
Less Expensive
Simple Configuration
Loose Control
Network Diameter
limit