Transcript PPT exploration - Warren County Schools

Europe Enters the
Modern Age
Modern Age
1.
2.
3.
Exploration – 1400 to 1600
Scientific Revolution – 1500 to 1600
Enlightenment (Age of Reason) – the
1600’s
Age of Exploration
► Began
in 1418 lasted until 1620.
► Before the 1400’s, European explorers had
limited knowledge of other continents.
► Portugal and Spain led the way.
► A major reason for these voyages was the
desire to find sea routes to east Asia.
 Europeans called east Asia the Indies.
What caused the Age of Exploration
to occur?
1.
2.
Europeans of this time had several motives
for exploring the world.
Advances in knowledge and technology
helped make voyages of discovery
possible.
Motives for Exploration
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The desire to find new trade routes to
Asia.
Excited at the opportunity to gain more
knowledge.
Explorers saw it as a way to earn fame,
glory and wealth.
Explorers also craved adventure
Nations wanted to enlarge their borders
To Spread Christianity
Advances in Knowledge and
Technology
1.
Advances in map making or cartography
1.
2. Improved ship design
•
Caravels – small, fast and easy to maneuver.
1.
3. New navigational tools
•
•
2.
Improved the compass
Astrolabe- an instrument used to observe and
measure the position of the sun and other
heavenly bodies
4. New improved weapons
Portuguese Explorers
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Prince Henry the Navigator –
was not actually an explorer.
He funded exploration and
started a school of
navigation.
Bartolomeu Diaz – 1st
explorer to go around the tip
of Africa.
3.
Vasco da Gama –
successfully sailed to India
(Spice Islands)
Pedro Cabral – sailed
southwest to avoid calms
(windless areas). He ended
up in modern day Brazil. He
sailed on to India.
2.
4.
Impact of Portuguese Exploration
►
Changed Europeans’ understanding of the world in several
ways
 Explored the coast of Africa
 Found a sea route to India
►
►
Took control of Eastern sea routes
Broke the hold of Muslims and Italians on Asian route
 Prices of Asian goods like spices and fabrics dropped. More people
could afford to buy them.
►
Colonized Brazil
 Native Brazilians suffered greatly – tried to convert them to
Christianity and forced into slavery on sugar plantations
►
Colonization also had impact on Africa
 The slave trade began
Early Spanish Explorers
1.
2.
Columbus – wanted to
find a western route to
the Spice Islands. He
found what is now the
Caribbean Islands.
Ferdinand Magellan – He
believed that Columbus
found a landmass in
between Europe and
Asia. He was the first to
circumnavigate the
globe.
Positive Impact of Early Spanish
Exploration
► Revealed
the existence of the Americas.
► Opened up a westward route to the Indies
► Proved it was possible to sail around the
world.
► Columbus had found the New World.
Negative Impact of Early Spanish
Exploration
►
For the native people of the West Indies,
Spanish settlement was devastating.
1. Forced by priests to become Christians.
2. Forced to work as slaves in mines & on plantations.
When the Spanish arrived, 1 to 2 million natives
lived on the island. Within 50 years, only 500
were left.
► Spain brought millions of enslaved Africans to
work in American colonies.
►
Later Spanish Explorers
► Hernan
Cortes – conquered the Aztecs of modern
day Mexico.
► Francisco Pizarro – conquered the Incas of Peru.
Impact of Later Spanish Exploration
Positives
1.
2.
3.
4.
Expanded foreign trade and colonization.
Wealth from the Americas made Spain rich and powerful.
Brought corn and potatoes from the New World.
Spain introduced new animals to the Americas (horses,
cattle, sheep, pigs)
Negatives
1.
►
Destroyed two ancient civilizations (Aztecs & Incas).
In 1519, there were about 25 million natives. By 1605,
this number dwindled to 1 million natives.
European (English, French, & Dutch)
Exploration of North America
1.
2.
3.
Key Explorers
John Cabot – Italian
sailed for England. Found
Canada.
Verrazano – Italian sailed
for France. Explored the
Atlantic coast from North
Carolina to Canada.
Henry Hudson – English
explorer. Sailed first for
the Netherlands and
then for England.
Explored & founded what
is now the Hudson Bay
Impact of England, France, &
Dutch Exploration
1. Interest grew in trading
with Native Americans.
2. Contributed to a war
between England & Spain.
3. Started a shift in power.
Spanish power declined.
Impact of European Exploration
► More
goods, raw materials, and precious
metals entered Europe.
► Exploration and trade contributed to the
growth of capitalism and a market economy.
► A new economic policy called Mercantilism
evolved.