Transcript Cabeza de Vaca

Spain comes to the America’s
The Reconquista – 711 to 1492!
The Opponents:
The Moors (Islamic
people) dominated
Spain and were from
northwest Africa.
•Brought Islamic ideas
and goods
•Cities in Spain grew
and business prospered
•Culture flourished
The Christians
•Original rulers of Spain
•Believed that God desired them to
return Spain to Christian rule
•Struggled to fight the Moors as they
were not a united front (Christians
also fought one another)
•In the end…Christian rule was
restored over the Moors
The Effects: The Roconquista
(meaning reconquest) and the
successful restoration of Christian
Spanish control led to the Spanish
being inspired to explore new lands.
Soldiers of Spain 1492
A soldier’s life
•War was all they new (job,
way of life, and religion) after
800 years of fighting
•War=wealth and glory as you
took the wealth of the person
you defeated
•After conquering the Moors,
men needed a new purpose
and desired a new land or
people to conquer
Led to the
3G’s of
exploration:
God, Glory,
Gold
Exploration by Spain
The World Situation (why explore?)
•Looking to expand trade with Asia
•Looking for a shorter route to Asia
•The Middle East and the Sultan –
Taxes (how can we avoid these?)
•Sailors search for new routes and
trade
Christopher Columbus
Biography: Born in Italy and
lived in Portugal
Was declined funding from
Portugal to set sail
Was also rejected by Queen
Isabella and King
Ferdinand of Spain until
they later changed their
mind in 1492.
Christopher Columbus
Columbus’ promise:
The results:
•Find route to China & India…
•Bringing wealth to Spain…
•Spreading Christianity…
•And hurting Portugal (current
leader exploration)
•After 2 months,
Columbus landed in the
Caribbean (first time for
Europeans to make it to
the Americas)
•Indigenous (native)
people of the area were
named “Indians” as
Columbus believed he
found India.
•Columbus returned to
Spain with gold and
enslaved Indians setting
the foundation for further
expeditions.
Exploration by
Spain
Conquistadors
(meaning conquerors):
•2 main goals= wealth and
spread faith
•Believed they were doing
God’s will by conquering
anyone who did not
believe in their god.
•Used their experience
with war along their
journey.
7 Cities of Cibola:
Conquistadors and soldiers sought to
find similar wealth that supposedly 7
Bishops found North of Mexico when
establishing the Seven Cities of Cibola.
It was said that the 7 Bishops left Spain
heading out to sea during the Moors
invasion.
Exploration by Spain
Weapons and tools:
•Spanish: steel armor, cannons, guns,
horses
•Aztecs: bows and arrows m(made from
black volcanic glass)
Cortes’ allies were other natives that the
Aztecs had conquered, sacrificed members,
and made people pay tribute (food and
valuables).
Tenochtitlan-the
golden city:
•Emperor Montezuma II
and the “Mexica” (Aztecs)
welcomed Cortes as he
resembled an Aztec god.
•Cortes and his men
conquered the city filled
with riches and killed any
native that acted against
the Christian faith.
•Mexico City was later
built atop the ruins of the
former Aztec capital.
The Narvaez Disaster
 Cabeza de Vaca – survivor and
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explorer
Landed near Galveston Island on
San Luis Island and named it
Malhado (meaning “misfortune”)
1528-1534
Traveled Texas for 4 years.
Estevanico – the Moorish slave also
survived.
Becoming a ‘shaman’-de Vaca was
known as a “medicine man” and
even performed surgery on a Native
American
His book ‘Relacion’ recorded the
hints of the fabled 7 Cities of Gold.
Cabeza de Vaca
Based on the source to the right…
•Cabeza de Vaca felt the life of a
trader gave him advantages. What
were these advantages?
•What was Cabeza de Vaca’s
“principal objective” in becoming a
trader?
•What did the Coastal Indians think
about Cabeza de Vaca’s role as a
trader?
from The Journey of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de
Vaca
and His Companions, from Florida to the
Pacific, 1528-1536
Exploration by Spain
 Marcos de Niza and Estevanico’s Expedition
 Hunt for the 7 cities of gold (Why?)
 Cibola, pueblo homes of the Zuni people.
 Zuni’s kill Estevanico
 Marcos de Niza see’s the 7 Cities of Gold!
Top of the Hill
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
 1540
 Over 1,000 men and horses
 Captures the Zuni Pueblo
 No Gold, Silver, or jewels.
 El Turco leads them on ….Texas to Kansas
 Palo Duro Canyon and Llano Estacado.
 ‘Nothing here…leave Texas alone’ for 142
years no Spaniard will return to Texas.
Cabeza de Vaca
Based on the source to the left…
What effect did the hailstorm have on the
Spaniard’s equipment and supplies?
The hailstorm destroyed their “crockery” or water
container. Why was this important?
You are a Spanish explorer traveling across the
featureless Great Plains. A devastating hailstorm
destroys much of your equipment and injures
your horses. What will you do next?
From Pedro Castañeda’s
The Journey of Coronado,
1540-1542
translated by George
Parker Winship
View of the Great Plains
courtesy photographer
Barney Fitzpatrick
Exploration by Spain
 The 3 G’s - Matrix
 1.Gold – money and wealth
 2. Glory – fame and power
 3. God – religion and faith
 To please their King and Pope
 To return home with money and fame
 To elevate your family name
 To live a life of adventure and wealth
Create the Exploration Timeline of Spain
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1519
Pineda
1519
Cortes
1528
Cabeza de Vaca
1540
Coronado
1682
Spain establishes Missions in Texas
1690
Spain builds East Texas Missions
1718
San Antonio Missions built as midpoint supply depot for East Texas Missions.
Exploration by Spain
 De Soto and Moscoso
 1539-1542 explored from Florida west.
 De Soto dies after Mississippi crossing, Moscoso takes
over.
 Visits East Texas Indians – they say ………….Tay-yas! Tayyas! Meaning friends.
 No Gold, silver, or jewels.
 They return to Mexico.
 Oh yeah…they find this sticky stuff – oil.