Transcript PowerPoint 프레젠테이션

Perspectives of APAN
For the next Generation GTS
of WMO
2003. 1. 22
Korea Meteorological Administration
Dongil Lee
Contents
I. Understanding the needs
II. Global Telecommunication System
(GTS)
III. Future WMO Information System
IV. Future Plan
World Meteorological Organization(187members)
DATA
PRODUCERS
DATA
CONVEYORS
Global
Observing
System
Global
Telecommunication
System
GOS
GTS
DATA
USERS
Global Data
Processing
System
GDPS
GOS
Observation
to understand
the current
weather
Surface
Buoy· Ship
Radiosonde
Weather
Observation
Aircraft
Sat.(wind)
Sat.(temp)
GOS(Global Observing System)
 to understand the current weather
 satellite, aircraft, wind profiler, buoy, etc…
 international data exchange
Real Time Data Exchange via GTS
Beijing
RTH
Offenbach
Khabarovsk
RTH
Washington
Pyonyang
NMC
Seoul
NMC
64000bps
Tokyo
RTH
9600bps
200baud
Melbourne
WMC
Hongkong
Data Type
# of Data (/day)
Data Type
# of Data (/day)
SYNOP/SHIP
30,000
SATEM-A
6,800
BUOY
2,500
SATEM-C
6,800
TEMP-A/PILOT-A
TEMP-B
TEMP-C/PILOT-C
TEMP-D
AIREP/AMDAR
1,600
900
1,200
800
18,000
SATOB (SST)
SATOB (WIND)
TOVS
PAOB
ACARS
7,000
9,200
60,000
500
100,000
75baud
GDPS
Pre Processing
Encoding
Decoding
Data Ass.
Numerical
Model
Q.C.
Objective Ana.
Analysis Chart
NWP
Global
Regional
Post Processing
Graphics
Prog. Index
Statistical Model
charts
Indexs
Forecast Guidance
Analysis
Nature
Model
Numerical Model
 Initial Data
 예보모델
 Data Assimilation to improve the initial data quality
 Ensemble Forecast to reduce the uncertainty of N.M.
Output Examples
지상기압과 강수분포
단열선도
상층제트
Meteogram
Kalman Filter
Output Examples
Perfect Prog Method
Dynamic Linear
Cloud Forecast
To improve the accuracy of weather forecast
 improve the initial data using satellite, radar, etc..
 reduce the uncertainty of numerical model
To achieve this goals, we need
more observation data and model results
Source : FSU, U.S.A.
II. Current GTS(Global Telecommunication System)




integrated Network ( point-to-point, multi-point circuit )
combination of terrestrial and satellite telecommunication link
for data distribution ( point-to-point, point-to-multi-point circuit)
for data collection ( multi-point-to-point, two-way multi-point circuit)
Three level basis

MTN : Main Telecommunication Network
network among 3 WMCs and 15 RTHs for the global data exchange

RMTNs : Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Networks
for the 6 regions (Africa, Asia, South America, North&Central America,
South-West Pacific, Europe), for the regional data exchange

NMTNs : National Meteorological Telecommunication Networks
for the national data exchange
WMC : World Meteorological Center
Melbourne, Moscow, Washington
RTHs : Regional Telecommunication Hubs
Algiers, Beijing, Bracknell, Brasilia, Buenos Aires, Cairo, Dakar, Jeddah,
Nairobi, New Delhi, Offenbach, Toulouse, Prague, Sofia, Tokyo
Data Exchange with Satellite




geostationary or near-polar orbiting satellite
Marine data(ARGOS etc)
International Maritime Mobile Service
INMASAT
Meteorological Satellite
Meteorological Data Distribution(MDD) of METEOSAT
Communication Satellite
RETIM or FAX-E via EUTELSAT : point-to-point
Countries
Argentina, Canada, China, France, India, Indonesia, Mexico,
Saudi Arabia, Thailand, USA
Data Exchange with Internet
 New Delhi - Melbourne, New Delhi-Muscat
 From the new data source(aircraft, satellite, wind-profiler etc)
GTS Main Telecommunication Network
64
24/8
64
Moscow
Bracknell
64
128/64
Toulouse
Washington
Offenbach
48/
48
Prague
9.6
64
9.6
32/32
19.2
8
Sofia
Algiers
Cairo
Beijing
Tokyo
9.6
0.1
New Delhi
9.6
Jeddah
Dakar
64
64
32/32
4.8
9.6
64
Nairobi
64
Brasilia
RTH
WMC / RTH
Speeds in kbit/sec
Buenos Aires
Melbourne
Source : report from RA II, WMO
Washington
Moscow
64k
64k
Novosibirsk
19 200
7 200
Almaty
9 600
7 200
Bishkek
9 600
Ashgabad
Ulaanbaatar
75
75
Baghdad
NI
N
I
NI
Tehran
NI
50
Tokyo
PyongYang
Tashkent
100
14 400
9 600
75
100
Offenbach
64k
7.2k - 28.8k-V.34
9 600
N
I
Khabarovsk
Dushanbe
Offenbach
75
FR 64k
(CIR:32k)
Beijing
64k
64k
FR 64k
(CIR:16k)
2 400
7
200
Kabul
100
50
Kuwait
100
Karachi
1200
Jeddah
1200
Bahrain
Doha
50
200
1200
64k
50
50
64k
Hong Kong
75
NI
2
400
Internet
Moscow
Muscat
Macao
Dhaka
100
NI
Seoul
FR 64k
(CIR:16k)
9 600
New Delhi
NI
Emirates
Algiers
9 600
Kathmandu
75
9600
100
4 800
NI
100
Cairo
Hanoi
Manila
50
Sanaa
75
Colombo
Cairo
Vientiane
Internet
50
50
Melbourne
9 600
Yangon
200
Male
200
64k
FR 64k
(CIR:16k)
64k
1 200
200
Bangkok
RTH
75
NMC
NI Not implemented
Centre in other region
MTN circuit
Regional circuit
Interregional circuit
2
400
Singapore
1
200
NI
Phnom Penh
Melbourne
Kuala Lumpur
NO Not operational
additional circuit
Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network for Region II (Asia)
point-to-point circuits implementation (transmission speed in bit/s)
26/VIII/2002
Source : report from RAII, WMO
Reykjavik
Oslo
16
8
48
32
64
ECMWF
32
Offenbach
Brussel
s
19.2
128/64
256/128
64
Melbourne
32/64
16
32
8
9.6
16
Toulouse
64/8
9.6
NI
Zagreb
9.6
Yerevan
Tirana
Rome
9.6
Casablanca
32/8
0.05
RTH
64
NMC
0.05
Algiers
Nairobi
Tripoli
Malta
N/O
0.1
16
NI
N/O
Ankara
Larnac
a
Beiru
t
14.4
16/8
RMDCN Committed
Information Rate
Baku
NI
8
2.4
Tunis
Athens
N/O
Sofia
N/O
8
0.05
2.4
Interregional circuit
Tbilisi
8/32
8/16
9.6
9.6
64
MTN circuit
Regional circuit
9.6
Buchares
t
9.6
Skopje
Cairo
19.2
NI
Belgrad
e
9.6
0.2
Kishene
v
8
Budapest
Hanoi
Tehran
Jeddah
0.05
Centre in other region
Ljubljan
a
NI
NI
Nairobi
Madrid
Dakar
64/8
64/16
Almaty
Kiev
Bratislava
16/48
Tashkent
0.1
Minsk
9.6
Vienna
48
19.2
14.4
Prague
Zurich
Novosibirsk
19.2
9.6
48/24
32/96
Vilnius
Warsa
w
128/16
64
7.2
16/8
16/64
16
Washington
Moscow
Riga
16/8
Khabarovsk
7.2-28.8
Tallinn
Beijing
De Bilt
Bracknell
64
24/8*
16/8
16
Dublin
4.8
9.6
Norrköping
Beijing
N/O
Helsin
ki
Copenhagen
16
24
64
64
16
Lisbon
New Delhi
24/8
Sondre
Stormfjord
NI
Bet
Dagan
* The RMDCN circuit Helsinki - Tallinn is not yet in the RTMN plan,
but replaces the former GTS connection of Tallinn
Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network for Region VI (Europe)
Figure 1 - point-to-point circuits implementation (transmission speed in kilobit/s)
Amma
n
Damascu
s
NI
3..IX..2002
NWSTG Data Flow Diagram
GTS
To meet a diverse set of requirements.
Operational private network for Routine collection of observed data ,Automatic
dissemination of scheduled products : real-time high priority data
- mature, well tested and operated according to well-defined procedures and
shared responsibilities
GTS has been adapting itself to the changing requirements and available
technology
 data rate : 50, 75 baud
64, 128kbps
 dominant protocol : asynchronous
X.25, Frame Relay, TCP/IP
 contents : character data
any type of data
 Implementation of message switching, HF radio broadcasting,
low and high speed satellite broadcasting
Problems
 lack of capacity to meet the new requirements of WWW and other programmes
of WMO
 lack of flexibility to meet different types of requirements
 need more observation data for GDPS
 incompatibilities, inefficiencies, duplication of effort and higher costs for
Members
Data is increasing…. For one center
4000
3500
GB/Day
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
NWP
Messages
NEXRAD Prod
NEXRAD Base
Example of data usage for global model
각국 전구분석 사용 관측자료이용 비교(I)
DATA TYPE
NUMER OF DATA(#/DAY)
KMA
JMA
AUSTRALIA
CANADA
GERMANY
40000
REFERENCE
(case in KMA)
1
SYNOP/SHIP
30000
34300
30000/2500
19000
2
BUOY
2500
6200
6000
6000
3
TEMP-A/PILOT-A
1600
1900
1200/900
1250
4
TEMP-B/PILOT-B
900
2100
(TT/PP)
(TT/PP)
5
TEMP-C/PILOT-C
1200
1200
6
TEMP-D/PILOT-D
800
1100
7
AIREP/AMDAR
18000
21500
13000
3600/56000*
(ACARS)
15000
8
SATEM-A
6800
7800
20000
9900
5500
9
SATEM-C
6800
7800
10
7000
8300
11
SATOB(SST)
DATA TYPE
SATOB(WIND)
9200
KMA
33700
JMA
12
TOVS
13
PAOB
14
PROFILER
15
PIREP
16
BATHY/TESAC
5500
17
ERS
1000
280000*
not imported
18
SSM/I
1000
1000000***
not imported
19
HUMSAT
1000
16000**
not imported
20
GRIB
7500btns(?)
21
BUFR
700btns(?)
60000 14900
500
500
600
1300/680
Not decode PILOT-B
not decode PILOT-D
not used operationally
not used operationally
2000
NUMER OF DATA(#/DAY)
4200
18000
GERMANY
not used
operationally
REFERENCE
in KMA)
Not (case
used operationally
100000
AUSTRALIA
15000
CANADA
90000
95000*
Not used operationally
635*
not imported
900*
not imported
500
not decode
Problems of GTS
•Use of proprietary high level protocols that are not supported by the marketplace
•Volume restrictions preclude the transmission of satellite imagery, as well as video
and other high volume data sets(in the order of gigabytes or terabytes)
•Lack of support for a request/reply system providing ad-hoc access to the data and
products available for international exchange.
•Inability to facilitate information insertion and distribution to programmes and public
and other clients beyond the meteorological community
•Inability to rapidly(i.e. routinely near-real-time) identify where data losses are
occurring and undertake remedial action.
•Inability to easily accommodate requirements that include short periods of high
volume traffic followed by lengthy periods of low or no traffic.
•Inadequate product identification and metadata leading to duplication and
uncertainty of contents
III. Future WMO Information System
FWIS should provide an integrated approach to meeting the requirements of



Routine collection of observed data
Automatic dissemination of scheduled products, both real- and non-real-time
Ad-hoc non-routine applications(e.g. requests for non-routine data and products )
The system should be





Reliable
Cost effective and affordable for developing as well as developed Members
Technologically sustainable and appropriate to local expertise
Modular and scalable
Flexible –able to adjust to changing requirements and allow dissemination of products
from diverse data sources
The system should also support





Different user groups and access policies
Integration of diverse datasets
Data as well as network security
Ad hoc as well as routine requests for data and products(“pull” as well as “push”)
Timely delivery of data and products (appropriate to requirements)
General Considerations
The WMO’s future information system will include the capability for ad hoc requests as
well as routine distribution of meteorological and related datasets and information
The WMO’s future information system will include a dataset catalogue that will enable
users to locate the meteorological and related data and products that they require
The WMO’s future information system will conform to open, global standards to the
greatest extent possible.
In developing the WMO’s future information system attention should be given to include
open source code components as alternatives to proprietary, or member written component
applications.
In acquiring communications bandwidth consideration will be given to all technically
viable alternatives for providing the bandwidth in the most cost effective manner. Such
alternatives will include, inter alia, consideration of the public Internet, private leased lines
and satellite broadcast. These will be managed and funded through national or bilateral
agreements, regional consortia and possibly a global consortium for bandwidth leasing.
Technical, as well as organizational considerations will determine the topology of the
WMO’s future information system. Logical topology is different than the current GTS
The WMO’s future information system will include the capability to move large files from
sender to recipient without having to comply with predetermined routing maintained through
message switches.
Basic concepts of FWIS
 Highly reliable and timely delivery of data and products
 Data Collection : Internet
 e-mail
 high speed Internet
 data Dissemination : Satellite communication
 Basic Methods : satellite broadcasting
 RA III&IV : ISCS STAR4
 RA V&West of RAII :EMWIN and SADIS
 RA I : MSG & PUMA project as well as SADIS
 Push systems are the most appropriate approach for both the routine collection of
observations and the routine dissemination of observations and other products
 Distribution of ad hoc non-routine products should be accomplished via request/reply
or “pull” systems
W
W
W
GOS
GDPS
SSA
IMOP
TCP
ERA
WSP
WDM
GTS
Marine
Aviation
Agriculture
ADM
W
C
P
A
R
E
P
WCASP
WCRP
GCOS
WWRP
TCRP
WCDMP
GAW
F
W
I
S
HRDP
TAP
ETFP
BSH
A
M
P
PWS
FSH
SDW
CBH
WRI
FWIS relationship to
WMO Programmes
ETRP
H
W
R
P
Private Networks
Public Internet
WWW
Satellite
WWW
Climate
WAFS
GAW
Hydrology
GRDC
Post
Climate
WWW
model data
EMWIN
Current WMO
Information Systems
IGOSS/
IODE
IGOSS/
MEDS
Research
Programs
Routine: Store and forward / broadcast
Ad hoc: request-reply
GTS protocols and procedures
Internet protocols TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, etc.
Hydrology
FWIS Structure
 GISC : Global Information System Center (10 ~ 20)
 DCPC : Data Collection or Product Center
 NC : National Center
Collection of Data
ta
Da
GISC
Routine Dissemination
GISC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
m
fro
Ps
DC
Regional
Global
DCPC
DCPC
NC
NC
Ad hoc Request/Reply
GISC
DCPC
NC
Global Information
System Centre
Data Collection or
Product Centre
GISC
NC
NC
National Centre
DCPC
Various communication
networks
Data Collection
DCPC
NC
NC
NC
GISC
NC
DCPC
GISC
NC
GISC
NC
DCPC
NC
GISC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
Various communication
networks
DCPC
Global Information
System Centre
DCPC
NC
NC
Data Collection or Product Centre
National Centre
NC
NC
GISC
NC
NC
GISC
GISC
DCPC
DCPC
NC
GISC
National users
National users
GISC
DCPC
NC
Data Distribution
NC
Routine dissemination
(Internet, private network,
satellite, etc.)
National dissemination
Request/reply (Internet)
Global Information System Center
a.Collect observational data and products that are intended for global exchange from national
centres within their area of responsibility, reformat as necessary and aggregate into products
that cover their responsible area
b.Collect information that is intended for global exchange from Data Collection or Product
Centres within their area of responsibility
c.Receive information intended for global exchange from other Global Information Systems
Centres
d.Disseminate the entire set of data and products agreed by WMO for routine global exchange
(this dissemination can be via any combination of the Internet, satellite, multicasting, etc. as
appropriate to meet the needs of Members that require its products)
e.Hold the entire set of data and products agreed by WMO for routine global exchange and
make it available via WMO request/reply (“Pull”) mechanisms
f. Describe its products according to an agreed WMO standard and provide access to this
catalogue of products
g. Provide around-the-clock connectivity to the public and private networks at a bandwidth that
is sufficient to meet its global and regional responsibilities.
h. Provide facilities to collect observations from and deliver products to all NMHS within its area
of responsibility
i. Ensure that they have procedures and arrangements in place to provide swift recovery or
backup of their essential services in the event of an outage (due to, for example, fire or a
natural disaster).
j. May perform the functions of a Data Collection or Product Centre and/or a National Centre.
Data Collection or Product Centres
Several dozen centres would serve as Data Collection or Product Centres (DCPC). Existing World
Meteorological Centres and Regional/Specialized Meteorological Centres would function as DCPCs.
However, many additional centres would also serve as DCPCs. This would include suppliers of special
observations (e.g. ARGOS, ARINC), research projects, and centres producing products related to a specific
discipline. DCPCs would:
a. Collect special programme-related data and products as appropriate
b. Collect information intended for dissemination only to NMHS within its area of responsibility (i.e.
regional collections)
c. Produce agreed data and products
d. Provide information intended for global exchange to their responsible Global Information System Centre
e. Disseminate information not intended for global exchange in whatever manner is agreed upon between
the centre and the users of the product
f. Provide facilities to collect observations from and disseminate products to the least developed NMCs
within its area of responsibility (e.g. via e-mail)
g. Support access to its products via WMO request/reply (“Pull”) mechanisms in an appropriate manner
(i.e. dynamically-generated products would require around-the-clock connectivity to the Internet)
h. Describe its products according to an agreed WMO standard and provide access to this catalogue of
products or provide this information to another centre with this responsibility (e.g. a GISC)
i. Ensure that they have procedures and arrangements in place to provide swift recovery or backup of their
essential services in the event of an outage (due to, for example, fire or a natural disaster).
j.
May perform the functions of a National Centre
National Centres
National Centres would form the foundation of the Future WMO
Information System. Many National Centres would be part of an NMHS but
others would have national responsibility for functions falling within WMO
Programmes but located outside of the NMHS. The participation of the
centres would be coordinated through the national Permanent
Representative to WMO. National Centres would:
a.
Collect observational data from within their country
b.
Provide observations and products intended for global dissemination
to their responsible GISC
c.
Provide observations and products intended for regional distribution
to the responsible DCPC
d.
Collect, generate and disseminate products for national use
FWIS techniques and pilot projects
XML : Extensible Mark-up Language ( BUFR, WEB, CREX )
The Internet
Open-Source software : Linux, GNU
Unidata IDD : UCAR, the Internet Data Distribution(IDD) system
- since 1995, providing the real time data to 150 universities
- IDD has ‘Store and Forward’ hierarchy of data flow
MED-HYCOS : Mediterranean Hydrological Cycle Observing System
UNIDART : Uniform Data Request Interface
MDiS : Multicast-enable platform for distribution
- based on MTP/SO (RFC1301) and provides a socket style programming interface
AFD : Automatic File distributor, DWD
- FTP, SMTP, log, user interface, Multicasting
 Web-Werdis ( Web-weather Request and Distribution System )
Further Development
Development of the catalogue of products ( highest priority )
Proof of concept through pilot tests
Upgrade of the GTS
Recommended steps toward implementation
Catalogue of products
 Development of a WMO directory-level metadata standard
 Design, development and implementation of a pilot catalogue
as a proof of concept
 Progress report to CBS
 Implementation of prototype at multiple centers, including
support for request/reply service at limited level
 First operational implementation
 Review requirement for continued use of WMO Pub. 9, Volume C
Pilot tests
 Evaluate results of pilot tests
Dec. 2001
Sep. 2002
Dec. 2002
2004
2006
2007
Sep . 2002
Evolution of GTS into future WMO communication system
 Improvements to telecommunication, providing increased bandwidth
and TCP/IP services
 Selection and approval of technologies for routine dissemination for
the Future WMO Information System(store and forward, multicast, etc)
 Development of a translator(s) between the GTS Abbreviated header and
the new WMO product Identifier
 Begin phased implementation of the Future WMO Information System
ongoing
2004
2004
2006
Current Pilot Project
CliWare Project
UK-DWD pilot project (LDM test)
RA VI Virtual GISC
METGIS
Unidata IDD
- IDD & LDM
Simple meteorological display system
- METGIS from South Africa, METCAP from Turkey,
EMWIN custom browser from USA
- PUMA workstation in every NMHS in Africa
UNIDART
-request/reply capability
There is no pilot project in ASIA…..
Example : Proposal for RA-VI
(Offer supported by DWD, Met Office and Météo France)
“Virtual” GISC
DWD, Met Office,
Météo France
(RTH and RSMC)
DCPC’s
ECMWF,
EUMETSAT
“Virtual” GISC
Some concerns
- reliable and continuous connectivity
- sufficient bandwidth to handle peak-period data transmission
- responsive delivery of time-critical information
- a secure networking environment
Long term testing of Internet capabilities and advanced
methodologies(e.g. IPv6, QoS) that promise to provide
a secure network and predictable performance
Current KMA status
 Internet
 ISP 100Mbps, HPCNet 2 x 2Mbps

KOREN (155Mbps –1Gbps) - APII&TEIN
Satellite communication
 Multi purpose satellite at 2008


OBCOM
Current and Future Plan to use APAN
APAN is important Infrastructure to exchange data and
develop basic techniques for FWIS
• KMA is collecting the Global Model data, observation data(satellite, ocean,
aircraft) from U.S.A. routinely
• KMA is exchanging the global model data with several centers
• KMA is leading and involving some WMO projects ( APCN, ARGOS,
WAMIS …)
 KMA- JMA will exchange the ensemble data with Internet
 KMA will receive the EU Met Satellite from DWD Data via TEIN
- contents will be expanded
 KMA will provide 2 Weather Radar data to USA on the near-real time base
 KMA will adopt the GRID concept for the request/reply to exchange data
 KMA wants to improve the network security, QoS and IPv6 of FWIS with APAN
Working Frame
KMA
기
상청
 National Frame
APCN
FWIS
WAMIS
WMO cluster
Met Sat
e-Science
Grid ↔ GFK
International Infra : APAN, TEIN, ...
National Infra KOREN, Kreonet, HPCNet
 International Frame
WMO/CBS - GTS, GDPS
WMO/CBS - GTS, GDPS
CAgM CAgM CAS
CAS
RAII
RAII
협력CMA, etc
JMA, NWS, 양국간
DWD, BOM,
미국,독일,호주,일본,중국
GGF
GGF
APAN
APAN
KMA
기상청
GFK,
GFK,APAN-KR
APAN-KR
기타 참고 자료
Thank you …
Super Computer Center/KMA
Lee, Dongil [email protected]