Transcript IT Architecture

Today, A Gameboy for $50, has
more computing power than a
Cray supercomputer of only 25
years ago.
• Tom Peters
Circle of Innovation
IT Architecture
Although there is always a need
for improved technology, the
critical resource is intelligent
resourceful people who can relate
business needs to technology.
James J. O’Connor
The central core of information
technology involves a study of
programming languages,
algorithms and information
structures.
Describe Information in terms of:
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Accuracy
Verifiability
Completeness
Relevance
Timeliness
Computers
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Supercomputer
Main Frame
Mini Computer
PC’s
Thin Clients
Laptops and Notebooks
Palmtops / PDA’s
Smart Cards
Input Devices
Output Devices
Cable Media
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Shielded Twisted Pair
Unshielded Twisted Pair
Coax
Fiber
Wireless Media
• Microwave
• Satellite
– GEO
– MEO
– LEO
• GPS
• Radio
• Infrared
• Cellular
Networks
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WAN
LAN
PAN
VPN
LAN
WAN’s
• Network which incorporates
extended geographical boundaries
• Network which has a centralized
point of data exchange
• Network which joins remote
networks in increase productivity
• Network which extends existing
resources
Networking Standards –
OSI Model
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Layer 1: Physical Layer
Layer 2: Data Link layer
Layer 3: Network Layer
Layer 4: Transport Layer
Layer 5: Session Layer
Layer 6: Presentation Layer
Layer 7: Application Layer
OSI Example
Business Model
Equipment
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Repeaters
Bridges (DSU/CSU)
Routers
Hubs / Switches
Interface Cards (NIC)
Connectivity Services
• Switched
• Dedicated
• Packet
– Modems
– Frame Relay
Connectivity Bandwidth
• DDS
• Switched Phone
Networks
• 56K
• T1
• T3
• OC3
• OC12
• OC192
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ATM
ISDN
xDSL
Cable Modems
LAN
"A data communications system
allowing a number of independent
devices to communicate directly
with each other, within a moderately
sized geographic area over a
physical communications channel of
moderate data rates."
IEEE
Topology
• Bus - Ethernet
• Token Ring
• Star
Protocols
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TCP/IP
IPX
Netbui
SNMP (Management protocol)
Appletalk
X.25
Z39.50
IPNG??
Why LANs
• Need to share data, software, and
hardware
• Centralized management
• Share access to outside sources
Future
• To distribute expertise not just files
• Remote offices have leadership and
expertise - Videoconferencing
• Teleworkers need to be part of the
structure
Acronym Full Name
Downstream
Upstream
Maximum
Distance
(C.O./user)
18,000 ft
IDSL
Integrated
DSL
128 Kbps
128Kbps
HDSL
High Data
Rate DSL
Symmetric
DSL
1.544Mbps
1.544Mbps 12,000 ft
1.544Mbps
1.544Mbps 10,000 ft
Asymmetric
DSL
RADSL Rate Adapter
ADSL
8Mbps
1Mbps
12,000 ft
7Mbps
1Mbps
18,000 ft
VDSL
51.84Mbps
2.3Mbps
1,000 ft
SDSL
ADSL
Very High
Rate DSL
Lawrence Livermore Lab
Baby
Number of Frames
Nodes per Frame
Number of Nodes
Processors per Node
Number of Processors
Speed in MHZ
Mega FLOPS
Memory in GB
Local Disk in GB
Global Disk in GB
10T
4
4
16
8
128
222
113,664
128
4
512
16
8,192
310
10,158,080
64
4,000
288
1,200
10,000
150,000