Transcript History of Computers and the Internet

300 BC: Invention of the Abacus in Babylonia
1632: Wilhelm Schickard invents first
mechanical calculator. Never used beyond
prototype.
1801: Joseph-Marie Jacquard invents
programmable loom. Works by reading punch
cards.
1832: Charles Babbage begins work on the
Analytical Engine. General use computer that
used punch cards.
1941: Konrad Zuse develops first electronic
general use calculator.
1943: British government completes Colossus,
a code breaking computer.
1964: IBM unveils the IBM 360. Quickly
becomes standard computer for institutions.
1968: Doug Engelbart develops a word
processing application.
1975: MITS Altair 8800 is featured on Popular
Mechanics cover as the 1st personal computer
1975: Bill Gates and Paul Allen write BASIC for
Altair 8800. Represents beginning of
Microsoft
1979: First spreadsheet program, Visical, is
written.
1984: The Apple Macintosh is released.
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What is the Internet?
◦ Millions of interconnected computers
◦ A Network of Networks
◦ A user at any one computer, with permission, can
have access to any other computer
◦ Networking 1st developed by the Advanced
Research Projects Agency
1958: ARPA established
1963: Time Sharing was developed
1969: ARPANet goes online
1979: Colleges begin developing internets
between other schools
1991: Tim Berners-Lee develops the WWW.
1993: WWW shows a more then 300,000%
growth in traffic in one year.
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Dial-up provided by an ISP (Internet Service
Provider) though a modem
Satellite connections
◦ Generally used in areas w/o DSL
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DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) provides
broadband connection
◦ (~70 times faster then Dial-up)
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Wireless Internet Connections (varies)
The Internet
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Millions of computers
Many networks (or
smaller internets)
Many varieties of
languages used
(protocols)
The WWW
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Millions of computers
Way of accessing
information contained
on the Internet
Only uses HPPT
protocol
The World Wide Web utilizes Web Browsers
(Internet Explorer, Firefox, etc.) to search web
pages that are linked though hyperlinks. Web pages
can contain graphics, sound, text and video
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WWW searched using Web Browsers
◦ ie: Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari
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Three main ways
◦ Address Bar
◦ Hyperlinks
◦ Search Engines
Unique address for website or webpage.
Entered in the address bar of a window.
Example: http://www.yahoo.com
1) http: = written in the Hypertext Transfer Protocol
2) www. = this site is located on the World Wide
Web
3)
4)
yahoo = this is the domain name (tells your
computer which computer to request the file from)
.com = extension (usually describes the type site)
.com – used for most commercial sites
.edu – designates an educational website
.gov – a site operated by the government
.org – a website created by an organization
(usually not for profit)
.net – a site found on a particular network
Searching the Internet can become very frustrating.
Here are some steps that may increase your
effectiveness at searching the Internet
1) Work out exactly what you want to know
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Write down key words
Think of synonyms you could also search for
2) Know your search engine of choice
3) Understand Boolean Basics (if used by your search
engine)
4) Know how to evaluate an internet source
Downloading: the transmission of a file on one
computer to another computer
Malware: (Malicious Software) any program,
file, or code that performs malicious actions
on the target system without the user’s
express consent.
- Use and Update Anti-Virus
- Keep important info on a computer not
connected to the internet, or on a computer
that employees strong firewalls
- Do NOT open unknown e-mail
E-mail: about as privet as a postcard. Very little
protection through the Law
SPAM: unsolicited e-mail
- prevent SPAM by deleting messages
from unknown people
- do not give out e-mail on internet forms
- if receive messages from, asked to
betaken off mailing list
http://www.onguardonline.gov/default.aspx#
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Spyware/Adware- place tracking cookies on
your computer that track surfing habits
Keylogger- programs that track every key
stroke that is made on a certain computer
Trojan Horse- appears to be a beneficial
program, but once installed begins infecting
other files. May also install a backdoor.
Virus- is attached to another legitimate
program. As that program runs, so does the
virus.
Worms- self-replicating program then
sending copies of itself to other computers on
the network without human intervention.
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Your computer starts running sluggishly.
It shuts down unexpectedly or crashes
frequently.
It experiences memory problems or runs out
of disc space.
Unusual files or directories appear on your
system.
Strange messages appear on your screen.
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http://www.pbs.org/nerds/timeline/network.html -brief
description on development of the computer and internet
http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=212808 –
History Channel; excellent overview the history of the internet
http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/?category=cmptr –
Year by Year overview of the development of the computer
http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/ -Year by Year
overview of the development of the internet
http://www.crunchers.bc.ca/library/history.html -History of the
development of the internet; written in very simple layman’s
terms
http://www.cnri.reston.va.us/what_is_internet.html -government
developed document describing the development of the internet.
Uses some complex language.