Transcript Wireless Sensor Network Simulation

Wireless Sensor Network Simulation
Yang Liu
Graduate student, University of Tennessee
Apr. 4 2003 group seminar
Motivation
• Different architecture of Sensor Networks.
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Large-scale and randomly distributed deployment
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Easily failed sensor nodes
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comparatively stationary topology
• Disadvantages of previous simulator.
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LAN based, Thick layer
simple models, not real
• Simulate new protocols and application.
• Large-scale sensor networks simulation
consideration.
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Apr. 4 2003 group seminar
Related work
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Ns-2
JavaSim
GloMoSim
OPNET
SensorSim
SSF
Others
• SensorSimII
• Magic Weaver
USC/ISI
OSU
UCLA
OPNET Inc.
UCLA
Dartmouth
Gatech
UMBC
• UIUC lager scale sensor network simulator
UIUC
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Apr. 4 2003 group seminar
Ns-2
• Discrete event simulator
• Wired and wireless support
• Nam, network animator
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Apr. 4 2003 group seminar
Ns-2(cont.)
• Advantages
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most widely used network simulator
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support wireless simulation
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lots of documentations
• Disadvantages
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comparatively difficult to learn and use
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scalability problems ( up to simulate 500 nodes )
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sequential simulation
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without modelling energy usage
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different versions contain different protocols
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Apr. 4 2003 group seminar
GloMoSim
• Specific for mobile wireless networks.
• Built as a set of libraries. The libraries are built in
Parsec( a C-based discrete event simulation
language).
• Layered architecture with easy plug-in
capability.
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Large scalability support. ( for multiprocessor
simulation millions of sensor nodes, for single
machine, around several handed nodes )
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Apr. 4 2003 group seminar
GloMoSim(cont.)
Advantages
achievement of large scalability
• good mobility models( “ random drunken model ” and
“random distribution model” )
• specify for wireless simulation
• many ad hoc networking protocols support
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• Disadvantages
No specific routing protocols for sensor network
• No energy consumption models
• Still has transport layer and IP address support
• Hard for user to simulate large sensor network since no
hardware environment
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Apr. 4 2003 group seminar
JavaSim
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Advantages
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Very modular
Very easy to use
Component-based architecture designing ( visual language )
• Disadvantages
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focus on wired inter-network
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No wireless support
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Apr. 4 2003 group seminar
OPNET
OPNET is a commercial network simulator.
Advantages
implement 3 protocols for ad hoc network ( DSR, AODV and
ZRP )
• include large library of network protocols models for LAN and
equipment models
• stable and good technical support
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• Disadvantages
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lack a good wireless mobility/topology model
limited protocols support
lack energy models
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Apr. 4 2003 group seminar
SWAN
SWAN integrate DASSF( Dartmouth scalable
simulator framework ) and BBN’s wirokit wireless
router.
Advantages
Build on SSF( scalable simulation framework API )
• Can simulate up to 10000 node.
• use the real product to take care of routing.
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• Disadvantages
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hardware specific
simple radio model
lack energy model
few protocols support
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Apr. 4 2003 group seminar
SensorSim
• Extension to NS - 2
• Provides battery models, radio propagation
models and sensor channel models
• Has support for hybrid simulation
• Terminated while still at pre-release stage
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Apr. 4 2003 group seminar
SensorSim(cont.)
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Advantages
the closest simulator to real sensor networks
• battery model, radio propagation model and sensing model
support.
• hybrid simulation
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• Disadvantages
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Still at pre-release stage
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No Documentation
The software currently has a very specific application hardcoded
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It caters to only one base station
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small scale
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Apr. 4 2003 group seminar
Other Simulators
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Magic Weaver
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agent-based framework
• DFC/UIUC large-scale simulator
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study routing through visualization.
• SensorSimII
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a java based framework for sensor network simulation
very considerate visualization design
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Apr. 4 2003 group seminar
Layer Architecture
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Apr. 4 2003 group seminar
Abstraction and modelling
Physical Layer Abstraction
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Energy abstraction
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battery ( relaxation phenomena and discharge rate)
radio energy consumption
CPU, Storage and other electronics energy consumption
Sensing process energy consumption
radio propagation abstraction ( radio fading and interference )
• Sensing process abstraction
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sensing event generation. ( random or periodic algorithm ? )
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Apr. 4 2003 group seminar
Abstraction and modelling( cont. )
MAC Layer Abstraction
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important attributes
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collision avoidance
energy efficiency
scalability
fairness
latency
What kinds of protocols need to be implemented?
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S-MAC ( periodic listen and sleep )
Collision avoidance ( RTS( request to send) / CTS ( clear to send ) )
energy efficient
overhearing avoidance
Message passing ( long packet to be sent, application fairness instead
of per-node fairness )
TDMA
802.11
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Apr. 4 2003 group seminar
Abstraction and modelling( cont. )
Network routing protocols Abstraction
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Decide what kinds of protocols needs to be implemented
–typical ad hoc network protocols DSR, AODV, ZRP
– typical sensor network protocols Directed Diffusion, LEACH,
and SPIN
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Apr. 4 2003 group seminar
Abstraction and modelling( cont. )
Security consideration
How to quantify the level of security? ( how to evaluate
system security level )
• Security is application specific depending on what kinds of
application. Is it possible to divide the application of sensor
network into several security level?
• using the simulator, we definitely can evaluate the influence
of failure nodes for fault-tolerance security protocols.
• With the simulator, we can emulate the sinkhole , hello
flooding, spoofing, and sybil etc attacks.
• evaluate the energy consumption and latency of different
encryption algorithms and security scheme.
• implement the SPINS.
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Apr. 4 2003 group seminar
Modelling and validation
• Mathematical models
• Experiment_based models
• Build up the real test on testbed to validate
those models
• Compare with the results of other simulators on
the same conditions
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Apr. 4 2003 group seminar
System metrics
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Latency
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Throughput
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Energy
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Time for first node death
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Life time
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Packet loss
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Apr. 4 2003 group seminar
PDES
• Advantage
modelling large network since each processor needs only model
a small portion of the network
• Difficulties
conflicts arise between processors ( not causality ) Each
processor needs to maintain a timeline of events and processes
these events in order.
• Two ways:
conservative synchronisation: Within safe limit; processors wait
for time stamp synchronisation.
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optimistic synchronisation: Beyond safe limit; prepare for undo
work if an event from other processors violate causality
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System Architecture( temporary )
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Apr. 4 2003 group seminar
Recent work
• Battery, radio modelling
• Mac layer protocols and network routing
protocols abstraction.
• Propose the scheme for PDES core.
• Data format definition ( class definition, data
structure definition and data base structure
design )
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Apr. 4 2003 group seminar
Reference
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(1) Deborah Estrin, Ramesh Govindan, John Heidemann, Satis Kumar, “Next Century Challenges:
Scalable Coordination in Sensor Network”, In International Conference on Mobile Computing and
Networks (MobiCOM '99), Seattle, Washington, August 1999.
• [2] J. M. Kahn, R. H. Katz, and K. S. J. Pister, “Next Century Challenges: Mobile Networking for “Smart
Dust””, In International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networks (MobiCOM '99), Seattle,
Washington, August 1999.
• [3] Lee Breslau, Deborah Estrin, Kevin Fall, Sally Floyd, John Heidemann, Ahmed Helmy, Polly Huang,
Steven McCanne, Kannan Varadhan, Ya Xu, and Haobo Yu. “Advances in Network Simulation”, IEEE
Computer, 33 (5), pp. 59-67, May, 2000.
• [4] S. Park, A. Savvides and M. B. Srivastava, "SensorSim: A Simulation Framework for Sensor Networks",
In the Proceedings of MSWiM 2000, Boston, MA, August 11, 2000.
• [5] http://javasim.cs.uiuc.edu/
st
• [6] Chang, X. “Network simulations with OPNET”, Proceeding of the 31 conference on Winter
Simulation, Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 1999
• [8] L. Bajaj, M. Takai, R. Ahuja, K. Tang, R. Bagrodia, and M. Gerla. "GloMoSim: A Scalable Network
Simulation Environment", UCLA Computer Science Department Technical Report 990027, May 1999.
• [9] R. Bagrodia, R. Meyer et al., “PARSEC: A Parallel Simulation Environment for Complex Systems,”
IEEE Computer, October 98.
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Apr. 4 2003 group seminar
Reference(Cont.)
[10] S. Park, A. Savvides and M. B. Srivastava, "Battery Capacity Measurement and Analysis Using
Lithium Coin Cell Battery", in the proceedings of International Symposium on Low power Electronics
and Design (ISLPED 2001), Huntington Beach CA, August 2001.
• [11] http://users.ece.gatech.edu/~grimace/research/sensorsimii/
• [12] Sovrin Tolia, Anupam Joshi, and Tim Finin, “MagicWeaver: An Agent Based Simulation Framework
For Wireless Sensor Networks”, Workshop on Ubiquitous Agents for Mobile, Embedded and Wearable
Devices, Bologna, Italy, 2002
•[13] http://jupiter.distantfocus.com/dsn_network/
•[15] J. Hill, R. Szewczyk, A. Woo, S. Hollar, D. Culler, and K. Pister, "System architecture directions for
networked sensors”, ASPLOS 2000.
•[16] John Heidemann, Nirupama Bulusu, Jeremy Elson, Chalermek Intanagonwiwat, Kun chan Lan, Ya
Xu, Wei Ye, Deborah Estrin, and Ramesh Govindan. "Effects of detail in wireless network simulation." In
Proceedings of the SCS Multiconference on Distributed Simulation, pp. 3--11, Phoenix, Arizona, USA,
January 2001.
• [17] S. Bajaj, L. Breslau, D. Estrin, K. Fall, S. Floyd, P. Haldar, M. Hahalley, A. Helmy, J. Heidemann, P.
Huang, S. Kumar, S. McCanne, R. Rejaie, P. Sharma, K. Varadhan, Y. Xu, H. Yu, D. Zappala, Improving
Simulation for Network Research [18] A. Savvides, S. Park, and M. B. Srivastava, "On Modeling Networks
of Wireless Micro Sensors", to poster session at SIGMETRICS 2001, Boston, MA, June 2001
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Reference(cont.)
[19] S. Park, A. Savvides and M. B. Srivastava, "Simulating Networks of Wireless Sensors", Proceedings of
Winter Simulation Conference, WinterSim, December 2001
• [20] W. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan and H. Balakrishnan, “Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol
for Wireless Microsensor Networks”, Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on
System Sciences (HICSS '00), January 2000.
• [21] W. Heinzelman, J. Kulik, and H. Balakrishnan, “Adaptive Protocols for Information Dissemination in
Wireless Sensor Networks” Proc. 5th ACM/IEEE MobiCOM Conference (MobiCOM '99), Seattle, WA,
August 1999.
• [22] Chalermek Intanagonwiwat, Ramesh Govindan and Deborah Estrin, “Directed Diffusion: A
Scalable and Robust Communication Paradigm for Sensor Networks”, In Proceedings of the Sixth
Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networks (MobiCOM 2000), Boston,
Massachusetts, August 2000.
• [23] R. E. Van Dyck and L. E. Miller, "Distributed Sensor Processing over an Ad Hoc Wireless Network:
Simulation Framework and Performance Criteria," Proc. MILCOM 2001, Washington, October 2001.
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