CS 290-63: Ubiquitous Computing
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Transcript CS 290-63: Ubiquitous Computing
CS 290-63: Ubiquitous Computing
Prasun Dewan (Prsün Divän)
SN 150
Department of Computer Science
University of North Carolina
[email protected]
www.cs.unc.edu/ubiq
TR: ???
Office Hours: ???
Ubiquitous Computing
Computing
CPU,
Memory,
Communication
Ubiquitous
everywhere
indefinite
number of times
Not really possible or
desirable
more
than in traditional
computing
so widespread that
unnoticed
2
Traditional Computing
Desktop
Computers
/Servers
Embedded
Computers
3
Ubiquitous = More of the Same?
No new technical
issue
Except
scalable
networking
IPV6
In ubiquitous
computing we
see new kinds
of computing
4
Interactive Mobile Computers
Motivation
Pervasive
access to standalone apps
Calculator,
Games, Music, Video
Issues
Hardware realization (will be
mostly ignored)
more
robust
lower-power
lighter weight
5
Interactive Mobile
Software Issues
Resource-poor
power
• Scheduling, result accuracy
I/O
devices
• Speech, Handwriting recognition
Storage
• MEMS
Tiny
OS
Security
More
vulnerable to theft and
destruction
Exposed to more people
6
Strongly-Connected Mobile
Motivation
Remote
web,
data access
rlogin
Collaboration
Email,
chat, application-sharing
Computation
offloading
Internet
7
Strongly-Connected Mobile
Issues
Mobile
IP
Address
contains location but
location variable
Adapting
to mix of heavyweight,
lightweight computers
Internet
Dynamic
application-sharing
architectures
Multi-device collaboration
8
Intermittent Connection
Disconnected and stronglyconnected states
Remote
data accessed in
disconnected state
Motivation
Work
Internet
in the offline mode
Paper,
spreadsheets
Issues
Local
database smaller
hoarding
Conflicts
can arise
merging
9
Wireless (Weak) Connection
Additional weakly connected
state
higher
delay, error rate
Motivation
Ubiquitous
remote access
Network
10
Wireless (Weak) Connection
Issues
Physical
Layer
Bluetooth,
Optimizing
Batching
Network
IEEE 802.11, Infrared
weak connections
changes propagated for
merging
Transcoding
Adapting
to multiple connection
levels
Adaptive
TCP/IP
Adaptive Transcoding
Adaptive update propagation for
11
merging
Networked Embedded Computers
Connected to network
send
and/or receive
May be embedded only for
network access
networked
Network
appliances
sensors
historical
sites & other
locations
12
Peer of Networked Embedded
Computer?
Another embedded
computer
Network
Non embedded Computer
13
Embedded Peer
Composite devices
security
system
Distributed composites vs.
hardwired devices
client-defined
composites
reuse of constituents
Network
ease
of change
extendibility
& scalability
14
“Smart Dust”
Late
binding
Monitoring
Temperatures in a
Fire
Monitoring rain
levels in a flood
Network
15
Embedded Computer communicating
with Non embedded Computer
Embedded is client
Embedded is server
Network
16
Embedded is Client
Motivation
viewing/recording
status
image
Network
from camera
body part data
instrument visualization
trigger
orders
refrigerator
items
17
Embedded is Server
Interactive computer issues
commands to embedded computer
Network
18
Motivation
Automatic applianceremote control binding
A single remote control for
arbitrary (dissimilar) appliances
Control appliance from
arbitrary locations
Internet
TVs, EKG machines, Water
Sprinklers, Car Seats
Water sprinkler from
beach
Interactive computer can offer
different user interfaces from
conventional controls
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Per-User Control of Shared
Appliances
Mobile device knows
owner’s info:
Favorite channels
Volume preferences
Credit card
PIN
Files to be printed
Car-seat tilt angle
Record/replay
Pin recorded first time
and replayed later
20
More Powerful Device
Output Device
EKG results
Refrigerator contents
Sprinkler settings
Offline Mode
Enter arbitrary input
Synchronization
Water sprinkler days
More computation power
Undo/Redo
Cut/Paste
Save
Macros
21
Control Appliance Collections
Multicast commands
Start/stop recording
images from all
cameras
Switch off all lights in
the room
Switch of all
appliances except
the refrigerator
22
Control Appliance Collections
Distributed
presentation
On projector,
speakers, computer
screens
Network
23
Motivation Summary
More universal
More remote
More control
Internet
24
Networked Embedded Computers
Issues
Late binding
Naming
Discovery
IPC
User-interface
Network
deployment
Multi-appliance control
Access
control
Existing
social protocols not
supported by existing
mechanisms
• All co-located users can use
appliance
25
• Children can see certain channels
Ad-Hoc Networks
Peer to peer connections
among late bound
computers
Motivation
Spontaneous collaboration
classroom,
war, airport
meeting
Sensor
networks
disaster
Network
recovery
• e.g. heat sensors thrown on fire
26
Ad-Hoc Networks
Issues
No
Router
ad-hoc
routing
• Power-aware
Network
27
Location-aware computing
operations based on current,
past, and future locations of
users and devices
28
Location-Aware Computing
Motivation
location-based
action
nearby
local printer, doctor
nearby remote phone
directions/maps
location-based
information
real
• person’s location
• history/sales/events
virtual
• walkthrough
• story of city
augmented
• touring machine
29
Pose-Aware Computing
Operations based on
locations and
orientations of users
and devices
Motivation
Augmented
Magic
reality
Lens
30
Wearable Pose-Aware Computers
Computers on body
track
body relative
movements
monitor
person
train person
31
Location/Pose- Aware Computing
Issues
Tracking algorithms
fine
or coarse grained
Software
architecture
Maintaining privacy
32
Summary
Traditional
Stationary
desktops/servers and
Embedded
Ubiquitous
Interactive
mobile
resource-poor
security
vulnerability
Strongly-connected
mobile
mobile
IP
adapting to heavyweight/lightweight mix
33
Summary
Ubiquitous computing
Intermittently
connected mobile
hoarding
synchronization
Wireless
(weak) communication
Physical
layer
Optimizing weak connections
Adaptations for multiple connection levels
34
Summary
Ubiquitous computing
Networked embedded computers
Naming
Discovery
IPC
UI deployment
Access control
Ad-hoc networking with late bound devices
ad-hoc routing
Location and Pose aware
Tracking
Architecture
Privacy
Wearable
Avoid strong signals
Displays
35
Beyond Desktops/Servers
Embedded
Mobile
Location
Interactive
Sensor
Flight
Simulator
Wearable
Active
badge
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